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International Symposium on Environmental Issues

Industrial Pollution Control and Risk Management

September 28 & 29 2004

Jack O’Keeffe - PM Group Ireland

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Pollution & Risk Directives

• 96/61/EC IPPC• 96/62/EC Air Framework Directive• 96/82/EC Seveso (Major Accidents)• 97/11/EC EIA• 99/13/EC Volatile Organic Compounds• 2000/60/EC Water Framework Directive• 2000/76/EC Incineration of Waste• 2001/80/EC Large Combustion Plants• 2003/35/EC Public Participation• 2003/87 Emissions Trading (GHGs)• ……and many more

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IPPC

• Prevent/control Pollution• From Industrial plants (not products)• Through permits• Based on Best Available Techniques

(BATs)• With experience exchange (BREFs)

and public information (EPER)

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Air Framework Directive

• Requires AQ improvement plans – Identify main sources– Implies restriction on development

• EQS criteria set – Including vulnerable “historic heritage”

• Emission sources to be mapped

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Seveso Directive

• Applies if inventory of dangerous substances is over a threshold

• Requires – a safety plan – public emergency planning– exclusion zone for development

• Appropriate risk management conditions are required for non-Seveso Sites under IPPC

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EIA Directive

• New or changed IPPC installations require EIA

• Some non IPPC Developments req EIA• Paralell Public Participation Requirements• IEA / EIA allow for construction, IPPC allows

for operation• SEA Directive addresses regional planning

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VOC Directives

• Requires a Mass Balance or Solvent Management plan

• Focus on Fugitive emissions

• 1994/63/EC (VOC from Petrol) sets out specific requirements for terminals and refineries.

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Water Framework Directive

• Integrates requirements of prior directives• Requires BAT, ELVs, BEP (Art 10.2)• Enforces EQS, classification of zones• Adds priority substances (Art 22.5)

– given in decision 2455/2001/EC– 44 specified, eg Atrazine, Lindane

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Waste Incineration

• Sets out BAT for incinerators• Sets out monitoring requirements• Requires implementation – no transition

period• Applies to municipal incinerators and

Cements plant involved in co-incineration – Burning tyres, ecofuel, petcoke etc

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LCP Directive

• Sets Sox Nox and Particle emission limits

• Sets reduction targets (member states)

• Sets Monitoring and Reporting obligations on operators and authorities

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Public Participation• Implements Aarhus convention• Amends IPPC

– Clarifies “Significant change”– Requires openness & transparency– Requires authorities’ decisions to be justified.

• Adds an Annex V to IPPC which requires: – Early notification– Complete notification– Taking of comments into account– Timeframes to favour Public Participation

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Emissions Trading Directive• States have national quota of GHG to be traded

internally or internationally

• No emission limits may be set in the IPPC permit for GHGs– Unless necessary to protect environment

• GHG emission trading linked to renewable option certificates (ROCs)

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Others

• Waste • Asbestos• Nitrates – Vulnerable Zones• Habitats and ASIs• Reporting Directive

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Pollution reduction

Best Available Techniques:

Annex IV of the IPPC Directive

• use of less hazardous substances,

• low waste options,

• recovery,

• recycling and

• reuse of substances generated

Emphasis on pollution prevention

Described in EU Bref notes and national BAT guides

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Solutions

• BAT

• Modelling

• Management Systems

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BAT Assessment Required?

Process Assessment

END

>1 BAT No BAT Other Than BAT

Meets BAT guide?

Why?

BAT Options Appraisal

or

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Assessment Process

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BAT OPTION APPRAISAL

BAT Options

BAT Selected

Evident?

Scope of Assessment

Emissions Inventory

Quantify impacts

Comparison of Options

Cost Assessment

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Hazard ID & Risk Assessment

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Node

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Dispersion Modelling• Air

– Point Emissions – Accidental Releases– Immissions

• Water– PC Quasar

• Groundwater– Phast (beta)

• Noise– Offsite impacts

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Management Systems

• Quality – ISO 9000

• Environment – ISO 14000 – EMAS

• Safety – OHSAS 18000

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The new order

• Partnership between Industry and Society– Co-operative approach to permits and

environment– More pro-active industry– More public scrutiny– More transparency– Respect for internal and external market