Insect Transmitted Viruses:Global Themes in the new IPM CRSP

Sue A. Tolin

5th National IPM SymposiumSt. Louis

April 6, 2006

Why Insect Transmitted Viruses?

• Phase I of IPM CRSP 1993-1998– Participatory Appraisals identified viruses as

major constraints in vegetable production – There was little expertise across the CRSP

• Phase II of IPM CRSP 1998-2006– Virus and vector identification projects, and

approaches to management began– Biotechnology projects to characterize virus

diversity, and develop resistance in hosts (P032)

Regional sites with virus IPM

South America

Central America

Caribbean

West Africa

Southeast Asia

SouthAsia

East Africa

Eastern Europe

Insect Transmitted Virus Projects in the New IPM CRSP

Thrips-borne tospovirusesin vegetable croppingsystems in South and Southeast Asia

Aphid and whitefly-borneviruses in Central America, the Caribbean,and Sub-Saharan Africa

Insect transmitted viruses in Central America, the Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa

Chair: Sue Tolin, Virginia Tech

U.S. Partners

Judy Brown, Jim Sell - U. Arizona

Mike Deom, U. Georgia

Bob Gilbertson, U. California -Davis

IARC PartnersAVRDC - Sylvia Green (Mali, Central America)

IITA - James Legg (Tanzania, Cameroon, Burkino Faso)

Global Partners

• Central America– Honduras– Guatemala – U. del Valle

• Caribbean– Jamaica - U. West Indies; Min. Agriculture– Dominican Republic - IDIAF

• Africa – IITA, AVRDC– Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali

Why?

Central America, Caribbean, Africa

Prior experience and expertise

Serious virus disease problems

Whitefly-transmitted viruses

DNA: Geminivirus

Aphid-transmitted viruses

RNA: Potyvirus, Cucumovirus

Seed-transmitted viruses (?)

Objectives1. Information and databases

2. Diagnostic approaches and capacity

3. Ecosystem analyses and design of ecologically-based IPM approaches

4. Resistance to viruses and vectors as IPM tactics

5. Socio-economic analyses

Link with other global themes and regional site projects

1. Develop crop-based database of viruses– Vegetable crops in host countries– Virus identity, distribution, molecular diversity– Vector species identity, diversity, phenology– Ecology: weed hosts, transmissibility

Mine available data sources, published, unpublished, prior diagnostic data, etc.

2. Develop, optimize, and utilize advanced diagnostic resources for diagnosis of viral diseases and vectors

– Assess and improve capabilities– Training

Virus presentes en HondurasBegomovirus - DNA(Universidad de Wisconsin)• (ToSLCV) Tomato severe leaf curl

virus• (TMMoV) Tomato mild mottle virus• Tomato Havan virus• (BGMV) Bean golden mosaic virus

(Universidad de Arizona)• ToGMoV -Tomato golden mottle

virus• TMoV - Tomato mottle virus• PeGMV - Pepper golden mosaic virus• PHV - Pepper Huasteco virus• SLCV - Squash leaf curl virus

Poster P114Poster P114

Potyvirus (genérico)• (TEV) Tobaco etch virus • (PVY) Potato virus Y• (PeMoV) Pepper mottle virus • (WMV) Watermelon mosaic virus• (ZYMV) Zuchini yellow mosaic virus

• (PRSV) Papaya ring spot virus

Tobamovirus• (ToMV) Tomato Mosaic Virus• (PMMoV) Pepper mild mottle virus

Cucumovirus• (CMV) Cucumber mosaic virus

Tospovirus• (TSWV) Tomato spotted Wilt virus

Objective 3: Ecosystem analyses

• Diagnosis of virus and vector problems, prediction of potential management practices, and introduction of ecologically-based management practices– Large plantings– Small, diversified systems– Protected agriculture, as greenhouses

Vegetable crops: solanaceous, cucurbits, legumes

Activities in Ecosystem analyses • African cropping systems

– Assessment of predominant, problematic viral diseases and vectors

• Whiteflies and geminiviruses

• Design and validate IPM systems– Tobacco etch virus in pepper in Jamaica

• Transfer to Honduras, Dominican Republic

– Spatial-temporal dynamics of vector and virus

• Performance of ecologically-based systems: Host-free periods

– Salama Valley of Guatemala (ongoing)– Ocoa Valley of Dominican Republic (starting)

Objective 4: Resistance to virus

• Identify and deploy varieties with disease resistance to economically important insect-transmitted viruses– Accumulate information for specific crops

and regions in host countries• Obtain germplasm, distribute, provide

screening methodologies

– Explore use of transgenic resistance– Explore induced resistance

Objective 5:

• Socioeconomic analyses of deployment of virus management practices– Develop survey instrument– Compare Salama Valley of Guatemala without

host-free period to Dominican Republic with host-free period

Outcomes of this Global Theme

• Shared information on viruses to look for in specific crops and cropping systems

• Optimization of diagnostics for each virus• ‘Standards’ for ecosystem analysis of

virus/vector research and approaches to IPM systems

• Acceptability of practices used for IPM for virus diseases, including resistance

• Capacity-building, training programs

Linkages within the IPM CRSP • Regional Sites

– Latin America and Caribbean– West Africa– East Africa

• Global Themes– Diagnostics– Information Technology– Impact Assessment– Insect Transmitted Tospoviruses

Integrated Management of Thrips-borne Tospoviruses in Vegetable Cropping Systems

in South Asia and Southeast Asia Region

Lead Principal InvestigatorNaidu A. Rayapati (Poster P072)

Washington State University

Partner U.S. InstitutionsScott Adkins David G. RileyUSDA ARS USHRL The University of Georgia, TiftonFort Pierce, FL

Host Country PartnersRavi Kankanallu Chatchawan Chaisuekul Virologist EntomologistMahyco Research Center Chulalongkorn Univ.

India Thailand

Why Tospoviruses

• A serious threat to vegetables, ornamentals,

food and cash crops

• ~1000 species of plants in about 70 plant families (dicots & monocots)

• an estimated global yield losses of up to $1 billion

Tomato Peanut

Tobacco

Pepper

Potato

Ornamentals

Thrips (Thysanoptera)

Tospoviruses multiply in plant hosts and in their thrips vectors

♂

Plants

♀

Virus Particles

Why the S & SE Asia Region ?

• Tospoviruses are emerging as a significant limiting factor for vegetable production• ~ 50% (7/15) of ‘global’ tospoviruses occur in the region

• 50% (6/12) of vector thrips species known

globally occur in the region• Expertise to deal with tospovirus diseases is lacking

1. Conduct strategic research on tospoviruses and thrips vectors

2. Carryout applied and adaptive research to deploy ‘eco-friendly’ IPM strategies to control tospovirus diseases

3. Develop strategies for strengthening institutional capacities within host countries to conduct problem-oriented research on virus diseases

Proposal Objectives

Objective 1: Conduct strategic research on tospoviruses and thrips vectors

Activity (i) : Characterization and diversity of economically important tospoviruses

Activity (ii): Identification of the principal vector thrips species and study their vectoring capacity

Activity (iii): Develop diagnostic methods for the detection of tospoviruses in plants and thrips

Objective 2: Build institutional capacity within host countries

Graduate students – “Sandwich” program

Revised Objectives

Thailand CaCVCaCV WSMVWSMV MYSVMYSV

Geographic structuring of tospoviruseswithin S & SE Asia region

IndiaPBNVWBNVPYSVIYSV

Peanut bud necrosis virus on tomato in India

K.S. Ravi: Mahyco Research Center

Capsicum chlorosis virus in ThailandPepper

CaCV-tomato

Tomato

P. Chiemsombat, Kasetsart University

Global ProjectImpact Assessment

Develop Partnerships

Regional ProjectSouth Asia

Regional ProjectSoutheast Asia

Global ProjectRegional Diagnostic

Laboratories

Global ProjectViruses in

Africa, Caribbean,C. America

Global ProjectViruses in S & SEA

Establish a network of institutions in South & Southeast Asia countries to address activities of common interest between Global and Regional IPM projects

Poster P072

Insect Transmitted Virus Projects in the New IPM CRSP

Thrips-borne tospovirusesin vegetable croppingsystems in South and Southeast Asia

Aphid and whitefly-borneviruses in Central America, the Caribbean,and Sub-Saharan Africa