Insect Diversity

7/31/2019 Insect Diversity

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INSECT DIVERSITY

Project Report

Reshma Soman IMS10046

Group members

Reshma Soman

Sivaramakrishnan.S

Sanjay Kumar Meena

CONTENTS


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1) INTRODUCTION

2) AIM

3) PROCEDURE

4) ANALYSIS

5) CONCLUSION

6) DRAWBACKS


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Introduction

Our project involves sampling the diversity of insects usingvarious methods and comparing which method serves to be moreuseful for quantitative sampling of insect species.The methods we are going to use to study the diversity of insectsare:-

1) Pitfall trap2) Pan trap3) Baited trap1) Pitfall Trap:-Pitfall traps consist of a container (tin, jar or drum) buried in theground with its rim at surface level used to trap mobile animalsthat fall into it. The fluid going to used in this trap isMethyl Parathion.2) Pan Trap:-The pan Trap Consists of small coloured pan or bowl filled with

soapy water to catch the insects.3) Baited Trap:-It is same that of Pitfall Trap, Here we use Bait(some substance)to attract the insects instead of Alcohol.Field and weather

Should not be disturbed by human or any animal.

Vegetative environment is essential for better results.

Humidity climate gives positive results in the experiment.

Pollution free environment also gives positive results .

(smoke, charcoal)


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AIM

Our aim is to study which methodology is adequate for sampling

insects and differentiating habitats on the basis of insect species

distribution


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PROCEDURE

We prepare the traps, and then we placed the traps where itseems to have favourable conditions for our aim. We collectedthe samples at various times or various conditions and wepreserved the specimens for Data recording and Analysis. In datarecording, we recorded the plot, Site and quadrate, informationon the order, family, serial number, number of nymphs or larvae

and the number of adults which were observed and trapped withthe above said methods. In data analysis, we tried to understandthe distribution of species of insects over a particular place withvarying conditions.From above data analysis, we concluded about the Insect speciesdiversity within our local area.

Pan Trap

The most commonly deployed recent protocol is the use ofcolored pan traps (bowls) filled with soapy water. Insects

approach the bowls, land on the water, and drown.The methodis particularly good at catching numerous species of bees, but

can also be effective for capturing various flower-visiting flies

and skippers.

Pit fall

Pit fall trap consists of 1-2 litre plastic jar with an opening of 9cm which is buried The insects trapped in pit fall are preserved in

70% alcohol, at ground level and observed for 3-4 days.Each jarconsists of 50 ml of soap water.

Baited Traps

A plastic jar of 2.5 litre capacity was used to fabricate a scentedtrap. The trap was baited with 200 ml saturated jaggery


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(unrefined cane sugar ) and Pineapple essence.The scented traps

were also set between 1500 -1700 hrs and collected insects were

filtered, washed and preserved in 70% alcohol.

Collected insects were stored in 70% alcohol

DATA COLLECTION

Samples From Traps

Trial 1 Trial 2 Baited Trap:-Butterflies-3Fruitflies-9Wasps-4Wingless Cockroach-5Pitfall Trap:-Mantis-6Wingless Cockroach-10

Spiders-2Pan Trap:-

Baited Trap:-

Fruit flies-6

Wasps-4

Wingless Cockroach-1

Pitfall trap:-


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Wasps-2Fireflies-1Fruit flies-5Mantis-4ButterFlies-3

Mantis-10

Spiders-2

Fruitflies-14

WinglessCockroach-15

Wasps-6

Fireflies-1

Total Individuals-51

Mantis-8

Brown Beetles-6

Ant mimicking Spiders-3


Pan trap:-

Mantis-6

Spiders-2

Fireflies-2

Fruit flies-4

Mantis-14

Spiders-2

FruitFlies-10


AntMimickingSpiders-3

Wasps-4

Fireflies-2

Brown Beetles-6

Total Individuals-44

DATA RECORDED FROM SAMPLE

Butterflies

Mantis

Spiders

3

24

4


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Fruit flies

Wingless Cockroach

Ant like spiders

Wasps

Fireflies

Brown Beetles

24

18

3

10

3

6

Total Individuals 95

ANALYSIS

Finding Diversity for total no. Of individuals

Pb=3/95=0.031578947

Pm=24/95=0.252631579Ps=4/95=0.042105263

Pfr=24/95=0.252631579

Pwc=18/95=0.189473684

Pams=3/95=0.031578947

Pw=10/95=0.105263158

Pfi=3/95=0.031578947


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Pbb=6/95=0.063157895

D= 1 - {(0.031578947)^2 + (0.252631579)^2 + (0.042105263)^2

+

(0.252631579)^2 + (0.189473684)^2 + (0.031578947)^2 +(0.105263158)^2

+ (0.031578947)^2 + (0.063157895)^2}

D=0.81662

Efficiency of Methods

Baited Trap:-Diversity from first sampling

Total Individuals=(3+9+4+5+6+10+2+2+1+5+4)=51

Pbb=0.0588235

Pfr=0.176471

Pw=0.0784314

Pwc=0.0784314

D=0.953095

D (for individuals caught in this trap)=0.702948

Baited Trap:-Diversity from second sampling


Pfr=0.136364

Pw=0.0909091

Pwc=0.0227273

D=0.972624

D (for individuals caught in this trap)=0.561983

Pitfall trap:- Diversity from first sampling


Pm=0.117647


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Pwc=0.196078

Ps=0.0392157

D=0.946175

D(for individuals caught in this trap)=0.567901

Pitfall trap:- Diversity from second sampling


Pm=0.181818

Pbb=0.136364

Pans=0.0681818

Pwc=0.0454545

D=0.941632


Pan Trap:-Diversity from first sampling


Pw=0.0392157

Pfi=0.0196078

Pfr=0.0980392

Pm=0.0784314

D=0.982314


Pan Trap:-Diversity from second sampling


Pm=0.136364

Ps=0.0454545

Pfi=0.0454545


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Pfr=0.0909091

D=0.969008


Insects Population Distribution

The above graph was obtained from sampling of the insects, it

represents how the population of the insects, could have been

distributed over the area.The field where we had our traps andworked has insects, which depend upon same niche and the vegetation

is same throughout the field.

STATISTICAL APPROACH


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CONCLUSION

The average efficiency of the methods for getting insects of

diversified species are as follows:-

Baited =0.96

Pitfall=0.94

Pan=0.97

Average of Diversity among insect species caught in traps are as

follows:-

Baited= 0.63

Pitfall=0.62

Pan=0.68


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DRAWBACKS

Time:-This One month cannot give whole idea about the field(or

the habitat)where we set traps for sampling and the insect

population distribution over that .Frequency of sampling was notefficient enough because of climate. Once in two weeks, which

can provide only little bit of reliability, because more no. of

sampling could have increased reliability of this result.

REFERENCE

1)insect species diversity in the tropics:

Sampling methods and a case study

Raghavendra gadagkar, k. Chandrashekara and padmini nair

Journal of the bombay natural history society

December 1990,Vol.87,No.3

2)Comparison of Pan Trap and Intensive Net Sampling Techniques

for

Documenting a Bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes):Fauna

T'ai H. Roulston, Stephen A. Smith,1'3 and Amanda L. Brewster2

University of Virginia, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandyarm

Lane, Boyce,Virginia, 22620 USA

JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

80(2), 2007, pp. 179-181

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Insect Diversity