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7/31/2019 Insect Diversity
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INSECT DIVERSITY
Project Report
Reshma Soman IMS10046
Group members
Reshma Soman
Sivaramakrishnan.S
Sanjay Kumar Meena
CONTENTS
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1) INTRODUCTION
2) AIM
3) PROCEDURE
4) ANALYSIS
5) CONCLUSION
6) DRAWBACKS
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Introduction
Our project involves sampling the diversity of insects usingvarious methods and comparing which method serves to be moreuseful for quantitative sampling of insect species.The methods we are going to use to study the diversity of insectsare:-
1) Pitfall trap2) Pan trap3) Baited trap1) Pitfall Trap:-Pitfall traps consist of a container (tin, jar or drum) buried in theground with its rim at surface level used to trap mobile animalsthat fall into it. The fluid going to used in this trap isMethyl Parathion.2) Pan Trap:-The pan Trap Consists of small coloured pan or bowl filled with
soapy water to catch the insects.3) Baited Trap:-It is same that of Pitfall Trap, Here we use Bait(some substance)to attract the insects instead of Alcohol.Field and weather
Should not be disturbed by human or any animal.
Vegetative environment is essential for better results.
Humidity climate gives positive results in the experiment.
Pollution free environment also gives positive results .
(smoke, charcoal)
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AIM
Our aim is to study which methodology is adequate for sampling
insects and differentiating habitats on the basis of insect species
distribution
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PROCEDURE
We prepare the traps, and then we placed the traps where itseems to have favourable conditions for our aim. We collectedthe samples at various times or various conditions and wepreserved the specimens for Data recording and Analysis. In datarecording, we recorded the plot, Site and quadrate, informationon the order, family, serial number, number of nymphs or larvae
and the number of adults which were observed and trapped withthe above said methods. In data analysis, we tried to understandthe distribution of species of insects over a particular place withvarying conditions.From above data analysis, we concluded about the Insect speciesdiversity within our local area.
Pan Trap
The most commonly deployed recent protocol is the use ofcolored pan traps (bowls) filled with soapy water. Insects
approach the bowls, land on the water, and drown.The methodis particularly good at catching numerous species of bees, but
can also be effective for capturing various flower-visiting flies
and skippers.
Pit fall
Pit fall trap consists of 1-2 litre plastic jar with an opening of 9cm which is buried The insects trapped in pit fall are preserved in
70% alcohol, at ground level and observed for 3-4 days.Each jarconsists of 50 ml of soap water.
Baited Traps
A plastic jar of 2.5 litre capacity was used to fabricate a scentedtrap. The trap was baited with 200 ml saturated jaggery
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(unrefined cane sugar ) and Pineapple essence.The scented traps
were also set between 1500 -1700 hrs and collected insects were
filtered, washed and preserved in 70% alcohol.
Collected insects were stored in 70% alcohol
DATA COLLECTION
Samples From Traps
Trial 1 Trial 2 Baited Trap:-Butterflies-3Fruitflies-9Wasps-4Wingless Cockroach-5Pitfall Trap:-Mantis-6Wingless Cockroach-10
Spiders-2Pan Trap:-
Baited Trap:-
Fruit flies-6
Wasps-4
Wingless Cockroach-1
Pitfall trap:-
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Wasps-2Fireflies-1Fruit flies-5Mantis-4ButterFlies-3
Mantis-10
Spiders-2
Fruitflies-14
WinglessCockroach-15
Wasps-6
Fireflies-1
Total Individuals-51
Mantis-8
Brown Beetles-6
Ant mimicking Spiders-3
Wingless Cockroach-2
Pan trap:-
Mantis-6
Spiders-2
Fireflies-2
Fruit flies-4
Mantis-14
Spiders-2
FruitFlies-10
Wingless Cockroach-3
AntMimickingSpiders-3
Wasps-4
Fireflies-2
Brown Beetles-6
Total Individuals-44
DATA RECORDED FROM SAMPLE
Butterflies
Mantis
Spiders
3
24
4
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Fruit flies
Wingless Cockroach
Ant like spiders
Wasps
Fireflies
Brown Beetles
24
18
3
10
3
6
Total Individuals 95
ANALYSIS
Finding Diversity for total no. Of individuals
Pb=3/95=0.031578947
Pm=24/95=0.252631579Ps=4/95=0.042105263
Pfr=24/95=0.252631579
Pwc=18/95=0.189473684
Pams=3/95=0.031578947
Pw=10/95=0.105263158
Pfi=3/95=0.031578947
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Pbb=6/95=0.063157895
D= 1 - {(0.031578947)^2 + (0.252631579)^2 + (0.042105263)^2
+
(0.252631579)^2 + (0.189473684)^2 + (0.031578947)^2 +(0.105263158)^2
+ (0.031578947)^2 + (0.063157895)^2}
D=0.81662
Efficiency of Methods
Baited Trap:-Diversity from first sampling
Total Individuals=(3+9+4+5+6+10+2+2+1+5+4)=51
Pbb=0.0588235
Pfr=0.176471
Pw=0.0784314
Pwc=0.0784314
D=0.953095
D (for individuals caught in this trap)=0.702948
Baited Trap:-Diversity from second sampling
Total Individuals=(6+4+1+8+6+3+2+6+2+2+4)=44
Pfr=0.136364
Pw=0.0909091
Pwc=0.0227273
D=0.972624
D (for individuals caught in this trap)=0.561983
Pitfall trap:- Diversity from first sampling
Total Individuals=(3+9+4+5+6+10+2+2+1+5+4)=51
Pm=0.117647
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Pwc=0.196078
Ps=0.0392157
D=0.946175
D(for individuals caught in this trap)=0.567901
Pitfall trap:- Diversity from second sampling
Total Individuals=(6+4+1+8+6+3+2+6+2+2+4)=44
Pm=0.181818
Pbb=0.136364
Pans=0.0681818
Pwc=0.0454545
D=0.941632
D(for individuals caught in this trap)=0.686981
Pan Trap:-Diversity from first sampling
Total Individuals=(3+9+4+5+6+10+2+2+1+5+4)=51
Pw=0.0392157
Pfi=0.0196078
Pfr=0.0980392
Pm=0.0784314
D=0.982314
D(for individuals caught in this trap)=0.680556
Pan Trap:-Diversity from second sampling
Total Individuals=(6+4+1+8+6+3+2+6+2+2+4)=44
Pm=0.136364
Ps=0.0454545
Pfi=0.0454545
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Pfr=0.0909091
D=0.969008
D(for individuals caught in this trap)=0.693878
Insects Population Distribution
The above graph was obtained from sampling of the insects, it
represents how the population of the insects, could have been
distributed over the area.The field where we had our traps andworked has insects, which depend upon same niche and the vegetation
is same throughout the field.
STATISTICAL APPROACH
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CONCLUSION
The average efficiency of the methods for getting insects of
diversified species are as follows:-
Baited =0.96
Pitfall=0.94
Pan=0.97
Average of Diversity among insect species caught in traps are as
follows:-
Baited= 0.63
Pitfall=0.62
Pan=0.68
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DRAWBACKS
Time:-This One month cannot give whole idea about the field(or
the habitat)where we set traps for sampling and the insect
population distribution over that .Frequency of sampling was notefficient enough because of climate. Once in two weeks, which
can provide only little bit of reliability, because more no. of
sampling could have increased reliability of this result.
REFERENCE
1)insect species diversity in the tropics:
Sampling methods and a case study
Raghavendra gadagkar, k. Chandrashekara and padmini nair
Journal of the bombay natural history society
December 1990,Vol.87,No.3
2)Comparison of Pan Trap and Intensive Net Sampling Techniques
for
Documenting a Bee (Hymenoptera: Apiformes):Fauna
T'ai H. Roulston, Stephen A. Smith,1'3 and Amanda L. Brewster2
University of Virginia, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandyarm
Lane, Boyce,Virginia, 22620 USA
JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
80(2), 2007, pp. 179-181