Inquiry Into the World Class Payments Bureau

8/14/2019 Inquiry Into the World Class Payments Bureau

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ZG^MZT MO TBG @EQW@ZP @ETM TBG [MZHD CHASS ÂPIGETS JWZGAW

T@IMTBP DWTTME QC

@eqw`zp Sgczgtazàt

Ah`cg B`clgp

37 _èg Stzggt( Hmedme GC3E :^R


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CBA^TGZ 1

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1% Me ?tb Fweg :>>2 \Aeegr 1Y ae gia`h {as sget ozmi Jazchaps Jael tm Iz Lg`tb Fmegs at

S~mzt Gekhaed h`stèk tbg jael accmwets bghd jp Jazchaps omz S~mzt Gekhaed% @echwdgd

aimekst tbg h`stgd accmwets {gzg tbzgg accmwets( t{m mo {b`cb d`d emt jghmek tm S~mzt

Gekhaed at ahh aed a tb`zd lem{e as tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as ahsm h`stgd%

Iz Fmegs d`d emt( bg tmhd ig( zgk`stgz tbg oact tbat tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw

jael accmwet {as `dgetò`gd è tbat gia`h( mz ò bg d`d zgk`stgz `t bg caeemt gr~haè {bp bg

d`d emt zg~mzt `t tm sge`mz iaeakgiget% @e Dgcgijgz :>>2 tbg gr`stgecg mo tbg [mzhd

Chass âpigets Jwzgaw accmwet at Jazchaps d`d cmig tm tbg attget`me mo tbg tbge Oèaecg

D`zgctmz( ^b`h`~ Iajg( {bge a jael statgiget {as zgcg`vgd at S~mzt Gekhaed aed zgogzzgd

tm bì% Bg za`sgd t ìigdàtghp {`tb tbg Cb`go Grgcwt`vg( Fgee`g ^z`cg( aed èqw`z`gs

staztgd% Fgee`g ^z`cg è dwg cmwzsg za`sgd tbg iattgz {`tb Z`cbazd Hg{`s( tbg ècmièk

Cba`ziae% Z`cbazd Hg{`s {as a~~mètgd è A~z`h :>>0 aed Fgee`g ^z`cg è A~z`h :>>;%

Eg`tbgz bad aep dgahèks { tb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw mz `ts jael accmwet%

Owztbgz( tbgzg bas jgge a chgaz ì~zmvgiget è iaeakgiget aed oèaecàh cmetzmhs sècg

tbg eg{ tgai tmml mvgz è :>>; as {`tegssgs bavg tgstò`gd "sgg Cba~tgz 0)%


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:% Bavèk d`scmvgzgd a jael accmwet b tbgztm welem{e tm tbgi( tbg sge`mz iaeakgiget mo

S~mzt Gekhaed aslgd Iz Cbz`stm~bgz Lghhp1

tm cmedwct ae èvgst`kat`me( aed tm zg~mzt%

Bg d`d sm aed zg~mztgd jp b`s o`zst zg~mzt è A~z`h :>>0 aed jp a sgcmed zg~mzt tm S~mzt

Gekhaed è Fwhp :>>0% Tbg o`zst zg~mzt èd`catgd tbat tbgzg {gzg azgas mo cmecgze ajmwt

tbg sgttèk w~ aed m~gzat`me mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw% Tb`s è twze hgd tm tbg

cwzzget èqw`zp jgèk gstajh`sbgd me 1; Fweg :>>0 {`tb tbg tgzis mo zgogzgecg {b`cb azg

attacbgd aed aeegrgd at Aeegr :% [b`hst @ bavg bad zgkazd tm tbg Lghhp zg~mzts "omz

{b`cb @ ai kzatgowh) @ bavg cmedwctgd a iwcb imzg dgta`hgd èqw`zp( talge gv`dgecg ozmi

iaep {`tegssgs è ètgzv`g{s aed bad accgss tm iaep tbmwsaeds mo dmcwigets :% Ip

ètget`me `s tm ~zmv`dg dgoè`t`vg aes{gzs {bgzg @ ~zm~gzhp cae tm cmecgzes za`sgd ajmwt

tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw%

@eqw`zp Igtbmdmhmkp

3% @ bavg jgge èqw zèk {`tbmwt statwtmzp ~m{gzs ètm gvgets {b`cb s~ae jgt{gge tbg hatg

swiigz mo 1000 aed Iazcb :>>;% @ bavg d`scmvgzgd dwzèk tbg cmwzsg mo tbg èqw zp tbat

tbgzg bas jgge a hmekstaedèk ~zmjhgi {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed è zghat`me tm dmcwiget

iaeakgiget( stmzakg aed zgtz`gvah% Tb`s ~zmjhgi bas gr`stgd sècg at hgast :>>1% @ bavg

ahsm d`scmvgzgd tbat omz hmek ~gz`mds mo tìg è tbg pgazs ~z`mz tm :>>; S~mzt Gekhaed

m~gzatgd a staooèk ~mh`cp {bgzgjp `t gi~hmpgd tgi~mzazp staoo me sbmzt tgzi cmetzacts(

~azt`cwhazhp è tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw% @e add`t`me( aed imst sgz`mwshp( tbgzg

bas jgge a s`keò caet twzemvgz mo sge`mz iaeakgiget {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed% Jgt{gge

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1000 aed :>>; tbgzg bavg jgge em hgss tbae omwz cba`zige( s`r cb`go grgcwt`vgs aed omwz

oèaecg d`zgctmzs% Tbg cmijèat`me mo ahh mo tbgsg bas hgd tm a ~zmjhgi omz tbg

iaeakgiget mo S~mzt Gekhaed aed ahsm omz tbg cmedwct mo tb`s èqw`zp% Ahtbmwkb @ bavg

ètgzv`g{gd a hazkg ewijgz mo {`tegssgs3( @ bavg emt jgge ajhg tm ètgzv`g{ gvgzpmeg {bm

{as cmecgzegd {`tb tbg aooa`zs mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw( mz {bm i`kbt bavg

jgge ajhg tm cast h`kbt me tbg swjfgct% Tm dm sm {mwhd bavg jgge d`s~zm~mzt`meatg aed

~zmb`j`t`vghp gr~ges`vg% Owztbgz( @ aed ip geqw`zp tgai bavg omwed `t vgzp dòo`cwht tm

grtzact dmcwigets ozmi { tbè tbg azcb`vgs at S~mzt Gekhaed% Tbg ~zmjhgi mo dmcwiget

iaeakgiget d`d emt stazt {`tb tbg cwzzget iaeakgiget mo S~mzt Gekhaed tbgp èbgz`tgd

`t% Tbg ~zmjhgi kmgs jacl tm at hgast :>>1 {bge ^z`cg[atgzbmwsg Cmm~gzs cmiigetgd

me tbg ~mmz dmcwiget iaeakgiget spstgi tbat m~gzatgd {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed% Tbg

~zmjhgi {as cmi~mwedgd jp cmetèwmws zgmzkae`sat`mes( a zgstzwctwzg aed ae moo`cg

imvg è :>>:%

4% Sècg eg{ iaeakgiget tmml mvgz è Iazcb :>>; dmcwigets azg jgèk jgttgz iaeakgd(

jwt tbg azcb`vgs mo mhd dmcwigets zgiaè d`smzkae`sgd% Tb`s bas hgd tm ip emt jgèk

~zmv`dgd {`tb cmi~hgtg zgcmzds4% Hatgz è tb`s zg~mzt @ dgah {`tb dmcwiget iaeakgiget%

Tbg Cba`ziae aed Cb`go Grgcwt`vg azg {ghh a{azg mo tbg ~zmjhgi {b`cb tbgp bavg

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èbgz`tgd( aed tbgp azg addzgssèk `t% A jgttgz spstgi mo bazd dmcwiget iaeakgiget aed

mo tzaclèk ozmi cmi~wtgz tm bazd cm~p aed tm stmzakg-azcb`vg `s eggdgd7%

7% Tbg aimwet mo imegp {b`cb {as ~a`d ètm aed mwt mo tbg [mzhd Chass apigets Jwzgaw

jael accmwet at Jazchaps Jael aimwetgd tm a h`tthg wedgz :> i`hh`me?% Tb`s zg~zgsgets a

siahh ~zm~mzt`me mo tbg aeewah jwdkgt omz S~mzt Gekhaed omz tbg pgazs è qwgst`me% @t bas

jgge ì~mztaet tm S~mzt Gekhaed aed tm ig tbat @ sbmwhd cmedwct tbg èqw`zp me a

~zm~mzt`meatg jas`s% @e mzdgz tm dm sm( @ bavg zgtz`gvgd dmcwigets {bgzgvgz ~mss`jhg aed

cawsgd mvgz 1>(>>> mo tbgi tm jg ~hacgd ètm a cmi~wtgz`sgd dmcwiget iaeakgiget aed

zgtz`gvah spstgi% Tb`s bas geajhgd a vgzp siahh geqw`zp tgai mo ipsgho( meg ass staet(

aed mccas`meah mtbgz ad bmc bgh~( tm zgv`g{ tbg lgp dmcwigets {b`cb bavg jgge zgtz`gvgd

jp tb s igtbmd% @e add`t`me( ewigzmws gia hs aed hgttgzs bavg jgge {z ttge tm S~mzt

Gekhaed aed tm vaz`mws jmd`gs è mzdgz tm zgtz`gvg dmcwigets tm ass`st è tbg èqw`zp%

?% Dgs~`tg tbg dòo cwht`gs {`tb dmcwiget iaeakgiget aed zgtz`gvah( @ bavg zgcg`vgd imzg

tbae swoo c`get iatgzàh tm jg ajhg tm zgacb o`zi cmechws`mes as tm bm{ tbg [mzhd Chass

âpiget Jwzgaw {as m~gzatgd aed {bat hgssmes eggd tm jg hgazegd è zghat`me tm `t%

;% @ adm~tgd tbg igtbmdmhmkp mo ètgzv`g{èk {`tegssgs sm oaz as ~mss`jhg ozmi tbg imst

fwe`mz tm tbg imst sge`mz% @ {aetgd tm d`scmvgz bm{ tbèks {gzg {mzlèk at kzmwed hgvgh

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aed tm {mzl w~{azds% [bgzgvgz ~mss`jhg( @ bavg smwkbt tm kaè a tbmzmwkb wedgzstaedèk

mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw% @ bavg dmeg sm jp ètgzv`g{èk tbmsg {`tegssgs

{bmi @ cmes`dgzgd `t egcgssazp tm bgaz ozmi( aed jp zgv`g{èk as iaep dmcwigets as

~mss`jhg% As @ bad em statwtmzp ~m{gzs @ bavg zgh`gd me tbg cmm~gzat me mo ahh mo tbmsg

aslgd tm attged omz ètgzv`g{% @e vgzp hazkg igaswzg @ bavg zgcg`vgd {`hhèk bgh~ aed

ass`staecg ozmi a s`keò`caet ewijgz mo ~gm~hg {`tbmwt {bmi `t {mwhd emt bavg jgge

~mss`jhg tm cmedwct tbg @eqw`zp aed omz {bmsg ass`staecg @ ai kzatgowh;%

2% Tbg cmechws`mes {b`cb @ bavg zgacbgd aed tbg zgcmiigedat mes {b`cb @ ialg bavg jgge

azz`vgd at get`zghp èdg~gedgethp% Swjfgct tm sges`jhg jwdkgt cmestzaèts @ bavg jgge ozgg

tm ~wzswg tb`s èqw`zp as @ cmes`dgzgd egcgssazp bavèk zgkazd tm tbg tgzis mo zgogzgecg%

Tbgzg bas jgge em ètgzogzgecg {batsmgvgz ozmi tbg iaeakgiget mo S~mzt Gekhaed% Me

tbg cmetzazp tbgzg bas jgge act`vg gecmwzakgiget( aed tbgp bavg iadg oac`h`t`gs ava`hajhg

omz ip ass staet tm cmetact {`tegssgs( aed tm sgazcb omz( aed zgtz`gvg dmcwigets% Tbg

cmechws`mes @ bavg zgacbgd azg ièg( aed ièg ahmeg% Bm{gvgz( è ètgzv`g{s @ bavg

tgstgd ip gigzkèk tbèlèk {`tb tbmsg {bm bavg bghd iaeakgiget ~ms`t`mes% Ahtbmwkb

tbg aimwets mo imegp èvmhvgd è tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw azg( è ~wjh`c

~zmcwzgiget tgzis( cmi~azat`vghp imdgst( tbgp azg cgztaèhp emt imdgst sm oaz as

èd`v`dwah s~mzts( s~mztsige aed s~mzts{mige azg cmecgzegd% Tbgzg azg a ewijgz mo

hgssmes {b`cb cae jg hgazet ozmi tb`s g~ smdg {b`cb azg mo {`dgz a~~h`cat`me omz tbg

~wz~msg mo wedgzstaedèk bm{ hmttgzp aed grcbgqwgz `%g% ~wjh c oweds cae imst

googct`vghp jg jzmwkbt tm wsg {`tbè tbg cmiiwe`tp mo s~mzt% @ vgzp iwcb bm~g tbat ahh mo

# #Z

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tbg zgcmiigedat`mes {b`cb @ ialg {`hh jg actgd w~me omz tbg whtìatg kmmd mo tbg

s~mztèk cmiiwe`tp aed tbg ~wjh`c as a {bmhg%

0% @ {`sb tm zgcmzd bm{ kzatgowh @ ai tm tbmsg {bm bavg ass`stgd ig% Ah cg B`clgp mo O`ghd

O`sbgz [atgzbmwsg è ~azt`cwhaz bas {mzlgd hmek bmwzs aed t`zghgsshp%


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CBA^TGZ :

GRGCWT@_G SWIIAZP

1>% Tbgzg azg t{m tbgigs {b`cb bavg zwe tbzmwkbmwt tbg @eqw`zp% O`zst( @ bavg omwed tbat

{`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed tbg azz`vah mo hmttgzp imegp omz èvgstiget ètm s~mzt me tbg

zgvgewg s`dg( aed è ~azt`cwhaz ètm tbg [mzhd Chass ^gzomziaecg ^zmkzaiig( {as a eg{

vgetwzg {b`cb {as è ~azt aoogctgd jp ~mh`t`càes aed a dgs`zg sbazgd {`tbè tbg s~mztèk

cmiiwe`tp `tsgho omz imegp tm cmig mwt mo Hmttgzp oweds( ètm s~mztèk jmd`gs aed tm

atbhgtgs% A tges`me {as m~gzatèk as a zgswht mo tbg dgs`zg omz s~mztèk jmd`gs aed atbhgtgs

tm zgcg`vg Hmttgzp imegp me tbg meg baed( aed tbg eggd è tbg ~wjh`c ètgzgst omz ~wjh`c

accmwetaj`h`tp aed stzmek kmvgzeaecg {`tb zgkazd tm tbg baedhèk mo ~wjh`c oweds% Tbg

gstajh`sbiget aed m~gzat`me mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw azmsg mwt mo( aed as a

zgswht mo( tbg ~gzcg`vgd eggd tm geswzg tbat s~mzts ige aed {mige {gzg owedgd gvge

tbmwkb tbg Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs omz smig mo tbg s~mzts è qwgst`me {gzg emt o`t omz

~wz~msg( jgcawsg tbg`z kmvgzeaecg aed oèaecàh azzaekgigets {gzg emt sw`tajhg omz tbgi

tm zgcg`vg ~wjh`c oweds% Ip mvgzahh cmechws`me `s tbat jp em hatgz tbae tbg s~zèk mo :>>:(

`%g% ìigdàtghp aotgz tbg oèaecàh pgaz ged mo 31st Iazcb :>>:( `t sbmwhd bavg jgge

zgcmke`sgd {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed tbat a iwcb o`zigz kzas~ eggdgd tm jg talge mo tbg eggd

omz ~zm~gz accmwetaj`h`tp jp Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs {b`cb {gzg emt o`t omz ~wz~msg

{`tb a cmesgqwget googct me tbg owedèk mo smig mo tbmsg jmd`gs% Jgcawsg mo tbg

ewigzmws cbaekgs è sge`mz iaeakgiget aed ~gzsmeegh { tbè S~mzt Gekhaed( aed

jgcawsg mo a hacl mo zgah lem{hgdkg mo tbg actwah {mzlèks mo tbg [C^J( mz mo tbg


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eggd omz b`kb qwah`tp gcmemi`cah aed googct`vg kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets {`tbè tbg

Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs mo s~mzt% @t {as tbg oa hwzg mo tbg s~mztèk cmiiwe`tp è

cgztaè azgas tm geswzg tbat tbgp {gzg ~zm~gzhp kmvgzegd {bge Hmttgzp imegp {as o`zst

d`zgctgd tm{azds tbg`z s~mzt {b`cb hgd tm tbg dgc`s`me tm gstajh`sb tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw% Bm{gvgz( bad tbgsg s~mzts zgs~medgd s{òthp tm tbg eggd omz ~zm~gz

kmvgzeaecg( aed bad S~mzt Gekhaed omcwssgd `ts attget`me iwcb gazh`gz at sge`mz hgvghs me

tbg eggd omz kmmd kmvgzeaecg( tbgzg {mwhd bavg jgge em dgc`s`me iadg omz tbg

gstajh`sbiget mo a [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw( aed imzg imegp è zgah tgzis {mwhd

è ahh ~zmjaj`h`tp bavg omwed `ts {ap tm atbhgtgs%

13% [bge tb`s èqw`zp {as aeemwecgd tbgzg {gzg ~zgss zg~mzts ajmwt a ~mss`jhg ozawd {`tbè

S~mzt Gekhaed% @e Emvgijgz :>>? tbg Tìgs zg~mztgd tbat tbgzg iap bavg jgge ozawd

{`tbè Lazatg Gekhaed ":>>7) Htd aed è ~azt`cwhaz sws~`c`me {as ~mètgd tm{azds `ts

Cb`go Grgcwt`vg aed-mz tbg Jmazd mo Lazatg Gekhaed% Bavèk cmedwctgd as tbmzmwkb a

sgazcb as {as ~mss`jhg mo tbg dmcwigets ~zmv`dgd tm ig( aed bavèk ètgzv`g{gd

{`tegssgs( @ ai sat`so`gd tbat tbgzg {as em ozawd {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed `tsgho( aed tbat

zgqwgsts omz ~apiget {gzg iadg m~gehp jp Lazatg aed mtbgzs% Jp tb`s @ igae tbat tbg

[mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as bmegsthp gstajh`sbgd aed `t {as emt ètgedgd tm jg a

zmwtg omz cbaeeghhèk ~apigets weha{owhhp mz ì~zm~gzhp% Bm{gvgz( tbg spstgi as `t

m~gzatgd {as( è ip m~è`me( oha{gd omz tbg zgasmes {b`cb @ k`vg è tb`s zg~mzt%

14% Tbg owedaigetah oha{ è tbg spstgi {as tbat smig mzkae`sat`mes {b`cb bad jgge dggigd

emt o`t omz ~wz~msg {gzg egvgztbghgss ajhg tm cgztòp tbat èvm`cgs akaèst {b`cb tbgp {gzg

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sgglèk dza{ dm{es mo imegp và tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {gzg ~zm~gz

~apigets% [`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed `tsgho @ bavg omwed tbat tbgzg {as èswoo`c`get sczwtèp

mo tbg ~zm~z`gtp mo èd`v`dwah ~apigets% [bat ba~~gegd {as tbat tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw jgcaig a ~zmcgssèk owect`me omz tbg ialèk mo ~apigets tm s~mztèk

jmd`gs mz tbmsg {mzlèk omz tbgi è c`zcwistaecgs {bgzg tbg s~mztèk jmd`gs {gzg emt

dggigd o`t omz ~wz~msg( jwt ahsm è c`zcwistaecgs {bgzg tbgzg {as emt ah{aps adgqwatg

sczwtèp mo tbg zgqwgsts omz ~apiget tbgisghvgs% Tbg googct mo tb`s oha{ {as tbat meg

caeemt zwhg mwt tbg ~mss`j`h`tp tbat ~apigets {gzg iadg è c`zcwistaecgs {bgzg tbgp iap

emt bavg jgge ~zm~gzhp dwg% Tb`s `s jgcawsg S~mzt Gekhaed zgh`gd w~me a ~zmcgss {bgzg

jmd`gs dggigd emt o`t omz ~wz~msg {gzg è tzwtb dz`vèk tbg ialèk mo tbg ~apigets%

17% @e mzdgz tm dgtgzièg {bgtbgz mz emt tbgzg {as a ~attgze mo ozawd( mz èd`v`dwah ozawd

tbzmwkb tbg ialèk mo ì~zm~gz chaìs và Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs( @ bavg cawsgd a

sai~hèk grgzc`sg tm jg wedgztalge jp s~gcàh`st czìèah cmwesgh% Iz Lghhp bad ahsm

wedgztalge b`s m{e sg~azatg grgzc`sg% Ip èqw`z`gs zgvgah cmecgzes ajmwt ~apigets( aed

è ~azt`cwhaz ajmwt tbg vahwg mo smig mo tbg èvgstigets iadg jp S~mzt Gekhaed( jwt tbgp

dm emt k`vg z`sg tm gv`dgecg mo ozawdwhget cmedwct% @t `s ahsm a~~azget ozmi tbg sai~hèk

grgzc`sgs {b`cb bavg jgge wedgztalge dwzèk tbg cmwzsg mo tbg èqw`zp( tbat imst ò emt

ahh mo tbg owedèk {b`cb {as zmwtgd tbzmwkb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw gedgd w~

è tbg baeds mo tbmsg omz {bmi tbg ~apigets {gzg ètgedgd% Tbat dmgs emt igae tbat tbg

cmetèwgd advaecèk mo ime`gs tbzmwkb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw kavg kmmd

vahwg omz imegp omz tbg ~wjh`c( {bmsg oweds {gzg jgèk wsgd và Hmttgzp mz Grcbgqwgz

kzaets% @e smig ~azt`cwhaz èstaecgs @ bavg zgacbgd tbg cmechws`me tbat tbg advaecèk mo


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ime`gs tm cgztaè mzkae`sat`mes sbmwhd bavg cmig tm a chmsg vgzp iwcb smmegz tbae `t d`d

jgcawsg vahwg {as emt jgèk acb`gvgd% ^wjh`c oweds cmwhd tbgzgomzg bavg jgge savgd%

Swiiazp mo Oactwah Oèdèks "czmsszgogzzgd etm tbg jmdp mo tbg zg~mzt)

1?% Ip oactwah o ed eks azg cmetaègd e Cba~tgzs 3 tm 0 èchws`vg% @e jz`go swiiazp6

1?%1 S~mzt Gekhaed m~gzatgs è a cmi~hgr zgkwhatmzp aed accmwet ek gev`zmeiget% @t

bas stzèkget accmwetèk staedazds {b`cb `t iwst iggt omz tbg ~zm~gz stg{azdsb`~

mo ~wjh`c oweds% "Cba~tgzs 3( 4 aed 7)%

1?%: Tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw "[C^J) {as emt sgt w~ jp tbg Jmazd mo S~mzt

Gekhaed as `t sbmwhd bavg jgge jwt jp iaeakgiget "Cba~tgzs 3 aed ?)%

1?%3 A sg~azatg Jael Accmwet {as gstajh sbgd at Jazchaps Jael omz tbg

[C^J "Cba~tgz 3)%

1?%4 @e tàhhp( ae Grcgh s~zgadsbggt spstgi {as wsgd omz tbg [C^J accmwetèk

owect`me% Hatgz a SAKG spstgi {as wsgd {b`cb m~gzatgd mwts`dg tbg iaè Kzgat

^haès accmwetèk spstgi at S~mzt Gekhaed"Cba~tgzs 3 aed ?)%

1?%7 Tbg ~wz~msg mo tbg [C^J {as tm iaeakg ~apigets tm EKJs {b`cb {gzg emt o`t

omz ~wz~msg aed tbgzgomzg emt sw`tajhg tm zgcg`vg ~wjh`c oweds%

1?%? Tbg [C^J {as iaeakgd jp tbg @etgzeah Awd`t "hatgz zgeaigd tbg Iaeakgiget

Awd`t) owect`me mo S~mzt Gekhaed% @t sbmwhd emt bavg jgge "Cba~tgzs 3 aed ;)%


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1?%; âpigets tm vaz`mws EKJs {gzg iadg tbzmwkb tbg [C^J Jazchaps Jael

Accmwet jgt{gge :>>> aed :>>? "Cba~tgzs 3 aed ;)%

1?%2 @t {as lem{e jp tbg Hmttgzp âegh aed iaeakgiget tbat smig EKJs {gzg oa`hèk

aed pgt tbgp cmetèwgd tm jg owedgd tbzmwkb tbg [C^J omz hmek ~gz`mds mo tìg

"Cba~tgzs 3 aed ;)%

1?%0 Eg`tbgz tbg Jmazd mo S~mzt Gekhaed emz tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg( emz tbg @etgzeah mz

Grtgzeah Awd`tmzs( {gzg k`vge chgaz gemwkb zg~mzts mo tbg act`v`t`gs mo tbg [C^J

aed è ~azt`cwhaz tbg oact tbat `t {as m~gzatèk `ts m{e jael accmwet "Cba~tgz 2)%

1?%1> Eg`tbgz tbg @etgzeah Awd`tmzs emz Grtgzeah Awd tmzs èchwdgd tbg [C^J è tbg`z

awd`t ~zmkzaiigs mo S~mzt Gekhaed% "Cba~tgzs 3 aed 2)%

1?%11 Tbg [C^J {as emt wsgd as a vgb`chg omz ozawd jp staoo at S~mzt Gekhaed

"Cba~tgzs 3 aed ;)%

1?%1: Tbg spstgi mo cbgclèk at S~mzt Gekhaed mo èvm`cgs swji ttgd jp EKJs {as emt

zmjwst gemwkb( aed `t `s emt tbgzgomzg ~mss`jhg tm cmechwdg tbat ahh ~apigets

zgqwgstgd aed iadg {gzg ~zm~gz megs "Cba~tgzs 3 aed ;)%

1?%13 @t `s dmwjtowh tbat S~mzt Gekhaed mjtaègd vahwg omz imegp omz tbg èvgstigets

iadg ètm smig mo tbg EKJs {b`cb {gzg baedhgd jp tbg [C^J "Cba~tgz ;)%

1?%14 Iaeakgiget jzmwkbt ètm S~mzt Gekhaed è :>>; bavg addzgssgd kmvgzeaecg aed

cmetzmh `sswgs( aed czgatgd a iwcb ì~zmvgd cmetzmh gev`zmeiget "Cba~tgz 0)%


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1?%17 Tbg spstgi em{ è ~hacg omz EKJ owedèk `s s`keò`caethp jgttgz tbae tbat è ~hacg

omz tbg ~gz`md mo tbg [C^J "Cba~tgz 0)

Swiiazp mo Zgcmiigedat`mes

1;% Ip zgcmiigedat mes azg swiiaz`sgd è Cba~tgz 11% Tbgp oahh ètm t{m catgkmz`gs6

EKJ Kmvgzeaecg

1;%1 S~mzt Gekhaed aed WL S~mzt sbmwhd gstajh`sb a staedèk S~mzts Kmvgzeaecg

Cmii`ttgg tm adv`sg w~me aed vgt kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets omz Eat`meah

Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs% ^wjh`c owedèk sbmwhd emt jg advaecgd tm ae EKJ {bmsg

kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets azg emt sat`soactmzp% Ip zgcmiigedat`me `s ètgedgd

tm jw`hd w~me tbg getbwsàsi tm ewztwzg s~mzt {b`cb gr`sts è smc`gtp( aed tm

geswzg cmm~gzat`me jgt{gge tbg cmiiwe`tp mo s~mzt aed S~mzt Gekhaed-WL S~mzt

me kmvgzeaecg qwgst`mes { tb accgss tm b`kb hgvghs mo gr~gzt sg% @ bm~g tbat

statwtmzp ètgzvget`me cae jg avm`dgd% Tbg imdgh @ ~zm~msg cmetaès v`ztwahhp em

cmsts ì~h`cat`mes omz S~mzt Gekhaed mz WL S~mzt( jwt `t sbmwhd jg wsgowh omz ahh

EKJs aed whtìatghp omz tbg ~wjh`c {bm talg ~azt è s~mzt% @ dm emt ètged tbat

tbgzg sbmwhd jg pgt aemtbgz Qwaekm% As @ ialg chgaz è cba~tgz 11( tb`s {`hh emt

cawsg ae add`t`meah mjh`kat`me omz Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs tbat ahzgadp iggt

S~mzt Gekhaed+s aed WL S~mzt+s owedèk aed kmvgzeaecg cz`tgzà% [bat `s zgqw`zgd

`s a sgzv`cg ~zmv`dgd jp S~mzt Gekhaed aed WL S~mzt {b`cb geajhgs Eat`meah

Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs tm acb`gvg b`kb staedazds mo kmvgzeaecg omz ahh Eat`meah


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Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs è s~mzt( aed geswzgs tbat ~wjh`c oweds azg emt {astgd me oa`hèk

Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs%

1;%: @ swkkgst tbat a zgv`g{ talg ~hacg è t{m pgazs t ig {bge tbg S~mzts Kmvgzeaecg

Cmii`ttgg bas jgge {mzlèk aed tbg hgvgh mo ì~zmvgiget mo EKJs cae jg

igaswzgd%

S~mzt Gekhaed Kmvgzeaecg%

1;%3 Igaswzgs azg jgèk aed eggd tm jg talge as sgt mwt è Cba~tgzs 0 aed 11 tm geswzg

tbat tbg Kmvgzeaecg aed Cmetzmh gev`zmeiget at S~mzt Gekhaed cmetèwgs tm

ì~zmvg% Tbg zgcmiigedat`mes azg h`stgd è Cba~tgz 11%


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!B

CBA^TGZ 3

A EAZZAT@_G ACCMWET

MO TBG S^MZTS CMWEC@H AED TBG [MZHD CHASS ÂPIGETS JWZGAW

12% Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h {as gstajh`sbgd jp Zmpah Cbaztgz0 {b`cb gssgetàhhp ~zmv`dgd omz ae

mzkae`sat`me {bmsg ~wz~msg {as tm ~zmimtg s~mzt {`tbè smc`gtp omz tbg jgego`t mo ahh%

10% @e tbg gazhp 100>s tbg kmvgzeiget aeemwecgd tbat t {mwhd etzmdwcg a Eat`meah Hmttgzp%

:>% As tbg hgk`shat`me {as jgèk ~zmimtgd tbgzg {as a ~gz`md dwzèk tbg dgvghm~iget mo tbg

Hmttgzp J`hh mo tbg ~zmimt`me mo kmmd cawsgs ètm {b`cb hmttgzp ime`gs cmwhd jg s~get%

S~mzt {as ahhmcatgd :>' mo tbg tmtah oweds kgegzatgd omz Kmmd Cawsgs {`tb sì haz sbazgs

jgèk ~zmv`dgd omz tbg azts( bgz`takg( cbaz`t`gs aed tbg I`hhgee`wi Cmii`ss`me% @e dwg

cmwzsg tbg :>' sbazg omz s~mzt {as zgdwcgd tm 1?%?' {bge tbg Eg{ M~~mztwe`t`gs Owed

{as gstajh`sbgd tbzmwkb hgk`shat`me% Tbg Eg{ M~~mztwe`t`gs Owed {as sgt w~ tm ialg

kzaets tm gdwcat`me( bgahtb aed gev`zmeigetah ~zmfgcts wedgz è`tàt`vgs s~gcò gd jp tbg

Kmvgzeiget1>

%

:1% Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h( {b`cb at tbat t ig bad jmtb Gekh`sb aed Kzgat Jz taè

zgs~mes`j`h`t`gs( {as dgs`keatgd as a d`stz`jwtèk jmdp omz s~mzt è Gekhaed%

# #K

F'(#D&")#/(3(:)#$'>/)(/#+"#!KKT!J

Tbg Eg{ M~~mztwe`t`gs Owed aed tbg Cmiiwe`tp Owed jgcaig tbg J`k Hmttgzp Owed( adiè`stzat`vghp czgatgd è

Fweg :>>4% @e zgs~mesg jp tbg CC^Z tm a DCIS dmcwiget me Eat`meah Hmttgzp( `t statgs Tbg 1003 Eat`meahHmttgzp Act ahhmcatgd :>' mo owed ek tm s~mzt% Tbg 1002 Act zgdwcgd tb`s tm 1?%?' tbg saig o`kwzg as tbat ~zm~msgdè tbg Eg{ Eat`meah Hmttgzp J`hh%


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::% Tbg 1003 Hmttgzp Act aed tbg oèaecàh d`zgct`mes iadg wedgz t ahhm{gd omz d`stz`jwtèk

jmd`gs mehp tm ahhmcatg hmttgzp owedèk omz ca~`tah ~zmfgcts% [`tb tbg Act caig ~mh`cp aed

oèaecàh d`zgct`mes {b`cb {gzg `sswgd jp tbg Dg~aztiget omz Eat`meah Bgz`takg {b`cb

hatgz jgcaig tbg Dg~aztiget omz Cwhtwzg( Igdà aed S~mzt aotgz 100;6 DCIS%

:3% Tbg oèaecàh d`zgct`mes {gzg megzmws aed iaedatmzp% Tbgp cmvgz staedazds aed qwah tp

mo kmvgzeaecg {b`cb azg gr~gctgd ozmi d`stz`jwtmzs èchwdèk è swcb azgas as ~zmcgssgs(

cmeswhtat`me( èdg~gedgecg( èomziat`me aed zg~mztèk zgqw`zgigets( ime`tmzèk aed

gvahwat`me zgqw`zgigets as {ghh as accmwetèk mjh`kat`mes%

:4% Tbg oèaecàh d`zgct mes {gzg owztbgz zgèomzcgd jp tbg ~wjh`cat me jp tbg DCIS mo

accmwetèk d`zgct`mes% @ {as tmhd jp Dav`d Caz~getgz tbat Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h "bgzgaotgz

S~mzt Gekhaed `ts cmiimehp lem{e eaig) tmml hgadèk cmwesghs adv`cg as tm tbg

statws mo oèaecàh d`zgct`mes11

% Accmzdèk tm Iz Caz~getgz( S~mzt Gekhaed {gzg cmzzgcthp

adv`sgd tbat o eaecàh d`zgct`mes bad iaedatmzp googct aed tbat a oa`hwzg tm cmi~hp {`tb

tbgi {mwhd zgedgz tbg S~mzt Gekhaed act`me weha{owh%

:7% Tbg googct mo tbg ~zìazp hgk`shat`me wedgz tbg Hmttgzp Act( aed o eaecàh d`zgct`mes {as

tbat gr`stèk o eaecàh igimzaeda mz kw`daecg `sswgd ~wzswaet tm tbg Zmpah Cbaztgz {as

em{ tm jg swjfgct tm tbg hgk`shat`vg ~zmv`s`mes mo tbg Act aed tbg oèaecàh d`zgct`mes% %

:?% Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h cmet ewgd tm zgcg`vg jmtb Hmttgzp aed Grcbgqwgz owedèk tbzmwkbmwt

tbg ~gz`md {`tb {b`cb @ ai cmecgzegd% Hmttgzp owedèk {as swjfgct tm dòogzget

# #!!

X-#)(>D#3&4%7#:&)#%&3>)(#)'+"#>76+3(#?4)#G#'>6(#:/(>"&:#)&4?)#)'>)#+)#"#0+6(:N


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accmwetèk zgqw`zgigets ozmi Grcbgqwgz owedèk% Tm swiiaz`sg a zghat`vghp

cmi~h`catgd azga( tbg i~mztaet dòogzgecgs azg as omhhm{s6

:?%1 Hmttgzp kzaets cae jg iadg( aed {gzg iadg( mvgz a omwz pgaz cpchg è mzdgz tm

geswzg tbat owedèk cmwhd jg ~zmv`dgd omz tbg hmek tgzi dgvghm~iget mo s~mzts aed

atbhgtgs azmwed iafmz cmi~gt`t`mes swcb as tbg Mhpi~`c Kaigs%

:?%: Grcbgqwgz owedèk( jp cmetzast( `s accmwetgd omz aeewahhp aed aep Grcbgqwgz

kzaet iwst jg s~get {`tbè tbg pgaz mo kzaet è qwgst me mz {`hh jg swjfgct tm cha{

jacl jp tbg Grcbgqwgz%

:;% Tbgsg azg t{m owedaigetahhp dòogzget accmwetèk a~~zmacbgs aed tbgp bavg hgd tm

stzaeds mo owedèk jgèk ava`hajhg {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed omz tbg ~wz~msgs mo s~mzt è

c`zcwistaecgs {bgzg dòogzget cmes`dgzat`mes bavg a~~h`gd tm dòogzget owedèk stzgais%

Omz ~zgsget ~wz~msgs {bat iattgzs `s tbat tbgzg cmwhd emt jg a sì~hg aiahkaiat`me mz

ètgzièkhèk mo Grcbgqwgz aed Hmttgzp owedèk emz cmwhd Grcbgqwgz aed Hmttgzp oweds

jg tzgatgd omz accmwetèk ~wz~msgs è tbg saig {ap%

:2% Mecg tbg Hmttgzp kmt wedgz{ap Eat`meah Hmttgzp oweds omz tbg kmmd cawsgs {gzg bghd

jp tbg DCIS "aed `ts ~zgdgcgssmz dg~aztiget) è tbg Eat`meah Hmttgzp D`stz`jwt`me Owed%

Oweds {gzg tbge dza{e dm{e zgkwhazhp as zgqw`zgd jp gacb d`stz`jwtmz è accmzdaecg {`tb

tbat d`stz`jwtmzs owedèk ~zmo`hg( me a imetbhp jas`s dg~gedèk w~me tbg grtget mo

zgqw`zgigets omz ~apiget tm jg iadg imetb jp imetb% Tbg gv`dgecg ~zmv`dgd tm ig jp


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Iz Casgp èd`catgs tbat tb`s ~zmcgss {as t`kbthp cmetzmhhgd aed tbat è tbg o`zst pgaz mo

d`stz`jwt`me mo Hmttgzp oweds bg zgcahhs tbat tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h dzg{ smig advgzsg

cmiigets ozmi tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg jgcawsg `t bad a zgsgzvg mo7 i`hh`me at tbg

pgaz ged dgs~`tg bavèk a twzemvgz mo egazhp 1>> i`hh`me%

Tbg Eatwzg mo Kzaets

:0% @e 1004 aotgz a ~gz`md mo cmeswhtat`me( tbg S~mzts Cmwec h ~wjh`sbgd `ts ~mh`c`gs aed

~zmcgssgs omz hmttgzp d`stz`jwt`me% Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h gr~gctgd tbat `ts aeewah jwdkgt( mo

tbge smig 3> i`hh`me( {mwhd èczgasg jp aeptbèk w~ tm ajmwt 3>> i`hh`me1: è tbg

s~acg mo a iattgz mo imetbs% Iz Casgp zgcmwets tbat {`tbè tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h a siahh

~zmfgct tgai {as gstajh`sbgd è mzdgz tm dz`vg omz{azd a ~zmfgct omz tbg zgcg`~t aed

d`stz`jwt`me mo vgzp hazkg swis mo imegp azz`vèk và tbg hmttgzp%

3>% At tbg saig tìg tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg( me jgbaho mo kmvgzeiget( jgkae a ~zmcgss mo

sczwtè`sèk ~zmcgssgs( ~zmcgdwzgs aed mvgzahh cmz~mzatg kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets at tbg

S~mzts Cmwec`h sm as tm geswzg tbat tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h {as cmi~gtget tm d`stz`jwtg hmttgzp

owedèk%

31% At tbg ged mo tbg ~gz`md mo adfwstiget aed èstahhat`me mo eg{ ~zmcgssgs {`tbè tbg S~mzts

Cmwec`h( tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg cmedwctgd a omziah zgv`g{ tm sat`sop `tsgho tbat tbg

S~mzts Cmwec`h {as cmi~hàet {`tb tbg zgkwhatmzp zgqw`zgigets mo tbg Act( tbg oèaecàh

d`zgct mes as {ghh as {`tb tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cgs m{e gr~gctat`mes omz awd`t

~wz~msgs% @e add`t`me( tbg Dg~aztiget mo Eat`meah Bgz`takg "as `t tbge {as) cmedwctgd `ts

# #!*

Y>6+7#$>/,(:)(/\"#(6+7(:3(N


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m{e zgv`g{ tbzmwkb ae èdg~gedget adv`sgz% @t `s tm tbg S~mzts Cmwec`hs czgd`t aed è

~azt`cwhaz tbg czgd`t mo Iz Dgzgl Casgp( tbg Cb`go Grgcwt`vg( aed Iz Dav`d Caz~getgz

Hmttgzp ^haeeèk Tgai Hgadgz aed D`zgctmz mo Hmttgzp Owed 1003 1000 "Imzg Igdahs

D`zgctmz 1000 :>>3) tbat tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h {as omwed tm jg cmi~gtget jp ahh

cmecgzegd( ahtbmwkb tbgzg {gzg smig cmiigets iadg dwzèk a DCIS Zgv`g{ mo

@etgzeah Awd`t {b`cb igz`t d`scwss`me "sgg ~azakza~bs 3244)% Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h

cmedwctgd tbg {mzl {`tb tbg ètget`me mo ialèk `t swoo`c`gethp zmjwst tm zgcg`vg aed

d`stz`jwtg Hmttgzp oweds è a zghat`vghp sbmzt ~gz`md mo tìg%

3:% Me :1 Iazcb 1007 tbg Sgczgtazp mo Statg( Stg~bge Dmzzghh( aeemwecgd tbg èawkwzah

a{azds mo Hmttgzp kzaet% Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h {as swccgssowh as a zgc`~`get mo

awtbmz`sat`me tm zgcg`vg Hmttgzp ime`gs omz tbg ~wz~msgs mo s~mzt%

33% Dgc`s`mes as tm tbg d`stz`jwt me mo kzaet ime`gs hap è tbg baeds mo tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h

`tsgho% @e mzdgz tm geswzg tbat dgc`s`mes {gzg ~zm~gzhp iadg a Hmttgzp A{azds âegh13

{as

gstajh`sbgd tm adv`sg tbg Cmwec`h aed act as tbg ~zìazp sczwtè`sgz mo a~~h`cat`mes omz

Hmttgzp imegp% [bge tbg zwhgs {gzg cbaekgd è 100; tm ahhm{ omz Zgvgewg Kzaets tm jg

iadg tbg Hmttgzp âegh {as d`v`dgd ètm t{m sped`catgs% Tbg [mzhd Chass Sped`catg

dgaht {`tb a~~h cat`mes omz [mzhd Chass `%g% gh`tg ~gzomziaecg owedèk%

34% @e add`t me tm tbg gstajh sbiget mo tbg Hmttgzp A{azds âegh tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h tmml

stg~s tm stzgektbge `ts Awd`t Cmii`ttgg% At ahh tìgs omhhm{èk tbg a{azd mo tbg o`zst

hmttgzp kzaet( zg~zgsgetat`vgs mo tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg sat me tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg mo

# #!@

F'(#:>D(#&1#)'(#U&))(/-#9>:(%#"#%>)(/#3'>:0(7#))'(#G:6(")D(:) 9>:(%


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tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h as mjsgzvgzs aed {mwhd talg ~azt è tbmsg iggtèks% Tbg EAM

zg~zgsgetat`vgs {gzg è attgedaecg aed {gzg emt owhh igijgzs% Tbgp cmwhd( aed d`d ozmi

tìg tm tìg cmetz`jwtg( at tbg Cba`ziaes èv`tat`me% @e add`t`me( Awd`t Cmii`ttgg

~a~gzs {gzg sget tm tbg Dg~aztiget omz Eat`meah Bgz`takg mz DCIS( {bm {gzg mjsgzvgzs

at Cmwec`h iggtèks wet`h 1002% Tbg DCIS bavg ahsm jgge attgedèk as mjsgzvgzs sècg

at hgast :>>;%

37% Jgomzg twzeèk tm tbg ialèk mo zgvgewg kzaets( tbgzg azg tbzgg mtbgz azgas w~me {b`cb @

eggd tm cmiiget%

Tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h aed WL S~mzt

3?% O`zst( dwzèk tbg ~gz`md tm {b`cb @ zgogz( tbgzg {as a s`keò`caet zgmzkae`sat me mo tbg

S~mzts Cmwec`h {b`cb hgd tm tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h jgèk eaigd as S~mzt Gekhaed aed tm a

sg~azatg mzkae`sat`me jgèk gstajh`sbgd lem{e as WL S~mzt% Tbg ~wz~msg {b`cb hap

jgbèd tb`s {as tm geswzg tbat kzaets omz s~mztèk ~wz~msgs {b`cb {gzg zghgvaet tm

Gekhaed {gzg sw`tajhp ahhmcatgd aed tbmsg zghgvaet tm tbg WL as a {bmhg {gzg sì`hazhp

a~~zm~z atghp ahhmcatgd% WL S~mzt `s em{ tbg jmdp {`tb zgs~mes`j`h`tp omz tbg gh`tg

owedèk mo Mhpi~`c aed âzahpi~`c s~mzts% @e tbg è`tàh ~basg mo zgvgewg owedèk( S~mzt

Gekhaed dgaht {`tb WL zgvgewg kzaets ahsm me jgbaho mo WL S~mzt ozmi Fwhp 1000 wet`h

WL S~mzt {as `tsgho dgs`keatgd as cmi~gtget jp tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo cg omhhm{èk tbg

Spdegp Mhpi~`cs è :>>>%


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Oa`hwzg at tbg Athaeta Mhpi~`cs e 100?

3;% Tbg sgcmed iattgz `s tbat è 100? tbg Kzgat Jz`taè tgai at tbg Athaeta Mhpi~`cs oazgd

grtzgighp jadhp% Tbg KJ tgai oghh tm 3?tb

~hacg è tbg igdah tajhg aed mehp {me meg

kmhd( g`kbt s hvgz aed s`r jzmeg igdahs% Tb`s {as tbg {mzst igdah bawh omz Kzgat Jz taè

sècg 107:% Tbg swiigz mo 100? {as tbgzgomzg a swiigz mo sgz`mws d`sa~~mètiget as tm

tbg ~gzomziaecg mo èd`v`dwah atbhgtgs aed tgais at tbg Athaeta Mhpi~`cs% S~mzts

adiè`stzatmzs bad sgge tbg oa`hwzg cmièk% Tb`s è twze czgatgd ~zgsswzg me tbg

kmvgzeiget( ~mh`t`càes aed S~mzt Gekhaed tm ètzmdwcg Hmttgzp zgvgewg ~zmkzaiigs as

smme as ~mss`jhg è mzdgz tm tzp tm jgkè tm zgvgzsg tbg oa`hwzgs è Athaeta aed è ~azt`cwhaz

tm bavg è ~hacg b`kb qwah`tp tgais aed atbhgtgs omz tbg Spdegp Mhpi~`cs è :>>> as {ghh

as tbg Cmiime{gahtb Kaigs è :>>: {b`cb {gzg tm talg ~hacg è Iaecbgstgz%

DCIS ggz Zgv`g{ mo tbg @etgzeah Awd`t Owect`me mo S~mzt Gekhaed

32% Tbg tb`zd ~mèt `s tbat è 100; tbg ètgzeah awd t dg~aztiget mo S~mzt Gekhaed {as `tsgho

swjfgct tm sczwtèp aed zg~mzt jp tbg DCIS% Tbg d`zgctmz mo tbat dg~aztiget wet`h :>>7

{as Iz Jazzp Cb`vgzs% @edggd( bg `s meg mo tbg vgzp og{ sge`mz igijgzs mo S~mzt

Gekhaed staoo {bm zgiaègd è ~mst tbzmwkbmwt imst mo tbg ~gz`md {`tb {b`cb @ ai

cmecgzegd6 bg {as a hmek sgzvèk gi~hmpgg aed sgzvgd as D`zgctmz mo @etgzeah Awd`t "mz

Iaeakgiget Awd`t) aed as D`zgctmz mo Kmvgzeaecg Asswzaecg aed Z`sl wet`h Iap :>>7%

30% Tbg DCIS zg~mzt ètm tbg ètgzeah awd t owect`me at S~mzt Gekhaed {b hst sat so gd {`tb

smig as~gcts {as cz`t`cah mo mtbgz as~gcts mo ètgzeah-iaeakgiget awd`t aed mo smig mo

`ts ~zmcgssgs%


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4>% @e ~azakza~b :%4 mo tbg zg~mzt( tbg DCIS statgd6

@e mwz m~è`me DCIS azg ajhg tm zghp w~me tbg ètgzeah awd`t {mzl cazz`gd mwt

jp aed me jgbaho mo tbg GSCs è jmtb kzaetèk a`d aed hmttgzp spstgis% Bm{gvgz(

{g azg cmecgzegd at tbg hgvgh mo awd`t act`v`tp tbzmwkbmwt 100?-100; me {b`cb tbg

DCIS {`hh mehp jg ajhg tm talg ièìah asswzaecg% Tbg GSC {`hh eggd tm geswzg

tbat tbg awd`t ~hae s igt omz 100;-1002% Tbg Bgad mo @etgzeah Awd`ts asswzaecg

ahsm eggds tm cmvgz tbg {bmhg mo tbg ètgzeah cmetzmh spstgi%

41% @e ~azakza~b 3%3 mo tbg zg~mzt wedgz tbg bgadèk @edg~gedgecg tbg DCIS statgd6

Tbg Bgad mo Iaeakgiget Awd`t Zg~mzts tm tbg Cb`go Grgcwt`vg mo tbg GSC( {`tb

{bmi bg bas zgkwhaz omzte`kbthp iggtèks( aed tm tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg% Bm{gvgz(

tbg iaeakgiget awd`t owect`me `s emt smhghp ae ètgzeah awd`t we`t% @t ahsm acts as

a cmeswhtaecp owect`me aed dwzèk 100?-100;( omz grai~hg( tbg awd`tmzs {gzg

grtges`vghp èvmhvgd {`tb tbg zgmzkae`sat`me mo tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h ètm tbg GSC

aed WLSC aed è tbg ì~hgigetat`me mo tbg zgcmiigedat`mes ozmi tbg D/T

zg~mzt% As a zgswht mo tb`s add`t`meah zgs~mes j`h`tp {mzl mehp 13 awd`ts {gzg

wedgztalge%

4:% Tbg zg~mzt cmetèwgd6


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K@AI "J:%11) statgs tbat ètgzeah awd`tmzs sbmwhd emt bavg m~gzat`meah

zgs~mes`j`h`t`gs mwts`dg awd`t% @o ètgzeah awd`tmzs ~gzomzi emeawd`t {mzl `t

sbmwhd jg wedgzstmmd tbat tbgp azg {mzlèk sg~azatghp ozmi ètgzeah awd`t%

K@AI "J1%11) ahsm saps tbat ètgzeah awd`t sbmwhd bavg em grgcwt`vg

zgs~mes`j`h`t`gs% [g azg cmecgzegd tbat tbgsg d`stèct`mes azg emt jgèk iadg at

tbg GSC% As a zgswht tbgzg cae jg a jhwzzèk mo èdg~gedgecg% @t `s ahsm imzg

dòo`cwht tm jg mjfgct`vg {bge awd`tèk spstgis tbat tbg awd`tmzs bavg ass`stgd è

sgttèk w~%

43% Tbgsg {mzds {gzg aws~`c`mws k`vge tbg gvgets {b`cb @ dgscz`jg è tb`s zg~mzt% Tbg

dmcwiget ozmi {b`cb @ bavg fwst qwmtgd {as zgad jp Iz Cb`vgzs as bg aclem{hgdkgd tm

ig( aed èdggd baed{z`ttge emtgs bavg jgge iadg akaèst tbg ~azakza~bs ozmi {b`cb @

bavg fwst qwmtgd%

44% Gvge {`tbmwt a zg~mzt {b`cb ialgs tbg mjsgzvat`mes tbat @ bavg fwst zgogzzgd tm( `t `s

mjv`mws tm ae awd`tmz mz accmwetaet tbat a ~gzsme d`scbazkèk ae ètgzeah awd`t owect`me

sbmwhd emt ahsm bavg grgcwt`vg zgs~mes`j`h`tp omz tbg zweeèk mo a ~azt mo tbg jwsègss%

Tb`s k`vgs z`sg tm a cmeoh`ct% Ahh ~azts mo tbg jwsègss eggd tm jg tbg swjfgct mo ètgzeah

awd`t sczwtèp( {b`cb iwst jg èdg~gedget ozmi tbg jwsègss owect`mes è tbg

mzkae`sat`me% Em {`tegss {bm bas ~zmv`dgd èomziat`me tm tb`s èqw`zp bas smwkbt tm

cmedmeg a ~zact`cg {bgzgjp ae ètgzeah awd`t owect`me ahsm bas grgcwt`vg zgs~mes`j`h`tp% %


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Zgvgewg Kzaets

47% Omhhm{èk a cbaekg mo Sgczgtazp mo Statg è hatg 1007 tm _ zkèà Jmttmihgp( tbg

Kmvgzeiget èd`catgd tbat `t i`kbt sw~~mzt a ~zm~msah {bgzgjp S~mzt Gekhaed {as emt

cmes`kegd sì~hp tm tbg ialèk mo ca~`tah kzaets ozmi `ts hmttgzp owedèk% Iz Casgp

zgcahhs tbat è tbg s~zèk mo 100? S`z Zmdegp [ahlgz( tbge Cba`z mo tbg S~mzts Cmwec`h(

aed sge`mz moo`cgzs igt tbg Sgczgtazp mo Statg {bm èd`catgd tbat sbg {as ~zg~azgd tm

cmes`dgz ahhm{èk a siahh ~zm~mzt`me( emt imzg tbae 17' mo tbg tmtah Hmttgzp owedèk omz

s~mzt tm jg wsgd tm sw~~mzt aed ass`st tbg dgvghm~iget mo b`kb hgvgh ~gzomziaecg%

4?% As @ bavg èd`catgd è ~azakza~b 3;( tbg ~zmcgss tm{azds ~gzi`tt ek zgvgewg kzaets {as

jzmwkbt ètm b`kb zgh`go jp tbg ~mmz ~gzomziaecg mo Jz`t`sb atbhgtgs è Athaeta è 100?%

[`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed `tsgho `t {as zgcmke`sgd tbat a stg~ cbaekg14 {as zgqw`zgd% S~mzt

Gekhaed wedgztmml zgsgazcb sm as tm jg ajhg tm ~wt è ~hacg tbg jgst imdgh {bgzgjp WL

aed Gekh`sb s~mzt sbmwhd jg ajhg tm sw~~mzt o`zst chass atbhgtgs ètm iafmz cmi~gt`t`mes%

4;% Aotgz cmes`dgzajhg dgjatg aed hmjjpèk tbg kmvgzeiget dgc`dgd tbat S~mzt Gekhaed

{mwhd cmetèwg `ts zmhg as mvgzahh d`stz`jwtèk jmdp omz ca~`tah kzaets omz s~mzt aed omz

zgvgewg kzaets% S~mzt Gekhaed bad a [mzhd Chass Owed aed a Cmiiwe`tp Owed(

gacb bad a zgvgewg aed ca~`tah sgct`me%

42% Mecg tb`s dgc`s`me {as iadg S~mzt Gekhaed eggdgd tm dgvghm~ sw`tajhg spstgis aed ae

a~~zm~zàtg igtbmdmhmkp omz èvgstiget ètm gh`tg s~mzt aed gh`tg atbhgtgs% A ~zmfgct tgai

hgd jp Zmp Bgadgp {as czgatgd% Iz Faigs Azemhd {as sgcmedgd ozmi tbg Eat`meah

# #!^

Gv`dgecg ~zmv`dgd tm ig jpIz Caz~getgz aed Iz Casgp%


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*B

Awd`t Moo`cg aed bg {mzlgd jgt{gge hatg 100? wet`h 1002 { tb tbg S~mzt Gekhaed tgai%

Iz Casgp aed Iz Caz~getgz tmhd ig tbat tb`s {mzl zgswhtgd è tbg ~wjh`cat`me jp S~mzt

Gekhaed mo `ts ~mh`c`gs aed ~zmcgssgs omz hmttgzp d`stz`jwt`me omz zgvgewg kzaets lem{e as

tbg [mzhd Chass ^gzomziaecg ^zmkzaiig% Sgt jp Emvgijgz 100? tb`s ~zmkzaiig

gecmi~assgd è`tàhhp {mzhd chass ~gzomziaecg aed tbge ~zmkzgss`vghp dgvghm~gd {`tb

~mtgetàh "`%g% atbhgtgs ahzgadp gstajh`sbgd {bm bad tbg ~mtgetàh tm dgvghm~ ètm {mzhd

chass atbhgtgs)( aed stazt "`%g% atbhgtgs {bm {gzg cmes`dgzgd ozmi a vgzp pmwek akg tm jg

{mztbp mo gecmwzakgiget17%

40% Iwcb as omz tbg ca~ tah kzaet spstgis sm omz zgvgewg kzaets( S~mzt Gekhaed {as

sczwtè`sgd jp tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg tm sgg tbat `t {as ca~ajhg mo dgahèk {`tb

zgvgewg kzaets% @e dwg cmwzsg S~mzt Gekhaed {as cmes`dgzgd sat`soactmzp aed tbg DCIS

tmml `ts ~azt è geswzèk tbat S~mzt Gekhaed bad acb`gvgd tbg zgqw`s`tg ièìwi

staedazds omz d`stz`jwt`me as a zgvgewg kzaetmz%

7>% @t {as ae gssget ah ~azt mo tbg ~zmcgss jp {b`cb S~mzt Gekhaed {as tm ialg zgvgewg

kzaets tbat tbg kmvgzeèk jmdp mo aep s~mzt {b`cb {as tm jg tbg zgc`~`get mo aep kzaet

{as o`t omz ~wz~msg% Tb`s ~bzasg {b`cb a~~gazs è iwcb mo tbg dmcwigetat`me aed {as

wsgd jp {`tegssgs {bmi @ ètgzv`g{gd `s emt a dgoègd tgzi( ahtbmwkb `t dmgs a~~gaz è

oèaecàh d`zgct`mes è zghat`me tm S~mzt Gekhaed {mzl {`tb ~aztegzs omz grai~hg6 `t `s a

sbmzt baed {ap mo dgscz`jèk tbg cmiime sgesg zgqw`zgiget tbat aep EKJ {b`cb sggls

~wjh`c owedèk iwst cmi~hp {`tb ~zm~gz staedazds mo kmmd kmvgzeaecg< omz grai~hg tbat

# #!B

Tbg dmcwigets azg emt get`zghp chgaz as tm {bgtbgz tbg stazt ~zmkzaiig {as czgatgd {`tb a v`g{ tm {mzhd chass

~gzomziaecg è tbg hmekgz tgzi mz {as tm ahhm{ pmwek ~gm~hg mo ahh aj`h`t gs tm ~azt`c`~atg è s~mzt)% Tbgzg {as ahsm

[mzhd Chass Gvgets sgt w~ è Iazcb 100;


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`t bas ae a~~zm~zàtghp stzwctwzgd jmazd( sw`tajhg kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets omz tbg s~mzt(

aed a stzwctwzg {b`cb igaes tbat `t cae zgs~mes`jhp baedhg aed accmwet omz ~wjh`c imegp%

Awd`ts mo Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs

71% Tm ass`st S~mzt Gekhaed è tbg ~zmcgss mo gstajh`sbèk {bgtbgz mz emt Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk

Jmd`gs "EKJs) {gzg o t omz ~wz~msg( S~mzt Gekhaed ~wt mwt omz tgedgz a cmetzact tm

wedgztalg awd`ts mo ahh ~mtgetàh zgc`~`get mzkae`sat`mes tbg kmvgzeèk jmd`gs mo s~mzt

sm as tm ass`st tbg`z cmi~gtgecg aed o tegss omz ~wz~msg tm zgcg`vg ~wjh`c imegp% Jalgz

T`hhp {me tbg tgedgz aed wedgztmml a ewijgz mo awd`ts mo eat meah kmvgze ek jmd`gs

jgt{gge 100; aed :>>>% Tbg cmetzact {as tbge a{azdgd tm H`tthgfmbe Ozagz-ABH

Hì`tgd è :>>1 wet`h :>>4% S~mzt Gekhaed d`d emt cmetèwg {`tb awd`ts mo EKJs è tbg

~gz`md :>>4 tm :>>; {b`cb( k`vge tbg statg mo smig EKJs {as ae mi`ss`me% [bge eg{

iaeakgiget {as a~~mètgd è :>>; tbg spstgi mo EKJ awd`ts {as zgv`vgd%

7:% Tbgzg {gzg zgkwhaz zg~mzts ~zmv`dgd tm S~mzt Gekhaed ozmi Jalgz T hhp aed tbge

H`tthgfmbe Ozagz-ABH as tm tbg o`tegss omz ~wz~msg mo ~azt`cwhaz eat`meah kmvgzeèk

jmd`gs% Ahtbmwkb Iz Casgp aed Iz Caz~getgz tmhd ig tbat tbgsg zg~mzts {get tm tbg Awd`t

Cmii`ttgg @ dm emt tbèl tbat `s cmzzgct as @ bavg emt omwed aep {`tb Awd`t Cmii ttgg

~a~gzs% Tbg zg~mzts cgztaèhp {get tm Iz Cb`vgzs% As oaz as @ cae tghh tbg Hmttgzp âegh

"mz tbg zghgvaet sped`catg) {mwhd jg èomzigd jp Iaeakgiget Awd`t tbat a ~azt`cwhaz

EKJ bad jgge omwed emt tm jg o`t omz ~wz~msg jwt eg`tbgz tbg âegh( Sped`catg( mz tbg

Awd`t Cmii`ttgg zgcg`vgd tbg actwah awd`t zg~mzts%


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Tbg Spstgi mo Owedèk Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs "EKJs)

73% S~mzt Gekhaed dgvghm~gd a spstgi {bgzgjp kmvgzeèk jmd`gs cmwhd swji`t a~~h cat`mes

omz kzaets% Gacb EKJ {b`cb smwkbt a kzaet bad tm swji`t a omziah a~~h`cat`me aed

sw~~mztèk gv`dgecg è tbg omzi mo a [mzhd Chass ^hae {b`cb {as tm jg cmes`dgzgd jp

tbg Hmttgzp âegh aed tbg [mzhd Chass Sped`catg "omz [mzhd Chass owedèk

a~~h`cat mes)% S~mzt Gekhaed bad a ~aegh mo gr~gzts {bm {gzg ajhg tm adv`sg tbg

Cmwec`h me ~gzomziaecg ~zm~msahs omz a oèah dgc`s`me jp tbg Hmttgzp âegh% Tbg Hmttgzp

âeghs [mzhd Chass sped`catg {as cba`zgd omz iwcb mo tbg zghgvaet tìg jp Iz Kaztb

Czmmls( a Cmwec`h igijgz( aed jp Zap Caztgz aed Jzàe Azistzmek% Tbgsg sped`catgs

caig wedgz tbg Hmttgzp A{azd âegh wijzghha {b`cb {as cba`zgd jp Dgs [`hsme wet`h

:>>1 aed tbge Jz`k`d Sìimeds wet`h :>>:% \Sgg ahsm Cba~tgz 4Y Tbg Hmttgzp âegh {as

d`sjaedgd è :>>: aed zg~hacgd {`tb tbg Eat`meah @evgstigets âegh%

74% Gacb a~~h cat`me {as dgvghm~gd è cmefwect me {`tb ae adv`smz ozmi S~mzt Gekhaed%

Mecg ae a~~h`cat`me bad jgge dgvghm~gd ~ggz zgv`g{ {as wedgztalge jp ae adv`smz

d`stèct ozmi tbg adv`smz mz zghat`mesb`~ iaeakgz {bm bad {mzlgd {`tb tbg s~mzt è

qwgst`me ~z`mz tm oèah swji`ss`mes tm tbg Hmttgzp âegh "mz @evgstiget âegh aotgz :>>:)%

77% A~~h cat mes gssget ahhp bad t{m ghgigets6

77%1 Tbg ~zmkzaiig tb`s èchwdgd tbg s~mzts stzwctwzgs% Tbg stzwctwzg mo tbg s~mzt

è qwgst`me sm as tm iaeakg act`v`t`gs( adiè`stgz tbg ~zmkzaiig aed cmacb

atbhgtgs% Tbg zwhg {as tbat mehp d`zgct cmsts {`tb ièmz vazàt`mes {mwhd jg


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owedgd% Gh`k`jhg gr~ged`twzg tbgzgomzg èchwdgd act`v`t`gs swcb as tbg zgczw`tiget

aed gi~hmpiget mo a ~gzomziaecg d`zgctmz( s~mzts sc`gecg aed igd`cah ~gzsmeegh(

{mzhd chass cmacbgs( tbgp mjtaègd tbg b`zèk mo tzaèèk vgewgs at bmig aed

ajzmad( tbg cmst mo attgedaecg at cmi~gt`t`mes aed eme~gzsmeah s~mzts gqw`~iget%

@egh`k`jhg ~gzomziaecg ~hae cmsts cmi~z`sgd `tgis swcb as gi~hmpiget mo a Cb`go

Grgcwt`vg( adiè-iaeakgiget cmsts mo tbg EKJ( iazlgtèk aed ~zmimt`me

è`tàt vgs gtc% Tbgsg azg dggigd emt tm jg d`zgct cmsts tm tbg [mzhd Chass

~gzomziaecg ~hae% Owedèk i`kbt bavg jgge ava`hajhg omz smig mo tbgsg act`v`t`gs

tbzmwkb Grcbgqwgz owedèk% Ahsm a s~mzt cmwhd a~~hp omz ae ètgzì ~gzomziaecg

~hae a{azd% Ae @etgzì [mzhd Chass ~gzomziaecg a~~h`cat`me aed ~gzomziaecg

~hae cmwhd jg swji`ttgd tm kgt a s~mzts ~zmkzaiig staztgd% A{azds {gzg

ava`hajhg me swcb a~~h`cat`mes omz a iarìwi mo meg pgaz tm ahhm{ tbg s~mzt tìg

tm ~zg~azg tbg`z dgta`hgd hmek tgzi ~hae% Tb`s geswzgd tbat èd`v`dwahs gh`k`jhg omz

swjs`stgecg a{azds {gzg emt d`sadvaetakgd è tbg sbmzt tgzi% Zgcg`~t mo ae

ètgzì a{azd {as emt a cmii`tiget me jgbaho mo S~mzt Gekhaed tm owed a hmekgz

tgzi ~gzomziaecg ~hae%

77%: Tbg atbhgtgs tbgisghvgs mz swjs`stgecg a{azds "ae atbhgtg ~gzsmeah a{azd

AÂ)% Tbg EKJ è qwgst`me {mwhd emièatg {`tbè `ts ~hae {b`cb atbhgtgs tbgp

{`sbgd tm jg cmes`dgzgd omz owedèk% Emziahhp tbg ~gzomziaecg d`zgctmz mo ae

èd`v`dwah EKJ {mwhd sgt ièìwi cz`tgzà omz getzp akaèst {mzhd chass

~gzomziaecg hgvghs dgimestzatèk bm{ a ~azt`cwhaz atbhgtg {as gr~gctgd tm

ì~zmvg aed tm {bat hgvgh at iafmz gvgets% As [mzhd Chass ^mtgetàh aed Stazt


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*K

{gzg dgvghm~gd sm imst EKJs ahsm dgvghm~gd a kzadèk spstgi omz getzp%

Emièatgd atbhgtgs {gzg tbge zgs~mes`jhg omz swji`ttèk ae a~~h`cat`me tm S~mzt

Gekhaed omz a ~gzsmeah a{azd% Gacb ~gzsmeah a{azd {as s~h`t ètm t{m ghgigets6

jas`c h`vèk cmsts "mehp omz Gh`tg aed ètgzeat`meah)( aed s~mztèk cmsts "^gzsmeah

s~mzts gqw`~iget-~gzsmeah s~mzts tzaèèk)% Mtbgz s~mztèk cmsts swcb as cmacbèk(

s~mzts igd`cèg sbmwhd jg cmvgzgd è tbg iaè ^gzomziaecg ~hae% Tbg h`vèk cmsts

ghgiget {as igaes tgstgd akaèst tbg mvgzahh ècmig mo ae èd`v`dwah atbhgtg aed

èchwdgd ~z`g imegp( aep ~gzsmeah s~mesmzsb`~( mz mtbgz ècmig( aed ahsm

hògstphg jaed g%k% sge`mz( stwdget gtc Kzaets {gzg ~a`d d`zgcthp jp S~mzt Gekhaed

tm atbhgtgs me a imetbhp jas`s wedgz sw~gzv`s`me mo tbg zghgvaet EKJ% Atbhgtgs

{gzg zgs~mes`jhg omz geswzèk tbat tbgp lg~t a~~zm~zàtg zgcg`~ts aed accmwets omz

ahh gr~ged`twzg aed {gzg tbgisghvgs swjfgct tm awd`t cmetzmh è tbg omzi mo

sai~hèk% Tbg owedèk mo atbhgtgs swjs`stgecg {as ae ì~mztaet dgvghm~iget% @t

zgh`vgd atbhgtgs mo smig mo tbg ~zgsswzgs mo ialèk geds iggt {bge( at gh`tg hgvgh(

tbgp eggd tm cmii`t tm ètges`vg tzaèèk ~zmkzaiigs%

Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs {bm {gzg emt o`t omz ~wz~msg

7?% Smig EKJs {gzg omwed wesat soactmzp è tbg z kmvgzeaecg aed accmwet ek azzaekgigets

aed tbgzgomzg emt o t omz ~wz~msg% Jalgz T`hhp mz ABH i`kbt me ae awd`t mo a Eat`meah

Kmvgzeèk Jmdp zg~mzt tbat tbg EKJ oa`hgd è cgztaè ~azt`cwhazs tm jg o`t omz ~wz~msg%

Iaeakgiget Awd`t i`kbt ahsm zgacb tbat cmechws`me% Me tbg gv`dgecg {b`cb @ bavg

zgcg`vgd `t `s a~~azget tm ig tbat tbgzg {as a kmmd dgah mo jaclkzmwed hmjjpèk jp


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cgztaè s~mzts( èchwdèk tbmsg {bm {gzg emt o`t omz ~wz~msg jwt {bm egvgztbghgss

{`sbgd tm zgcg`vg kzaets ozmi tbg Hmttgzp%

7;% Tbgzg {gzg ewigzmws zgs~gcts è {b`cb cgztaè kmvgzeèk jmd`gs {gzg emt o t omz ~wz~msg%

Omz grai~hg tbgp iap emt bavg bad accmwetèk ~zmcgdwzgs mz gvge a~~zm~zàtg

azzaekgigets {`tb tbg`z jaels tm zgcg`vg aed iaeakg tbg hgvgh mo owedèk {b`cb i`kbt jg

mjtaègd ozmi S~mzt Gekhaed% Tbg`z cmii`ttggs mz kmvgzeèk jmd`gs i`kbt emt jg

sw`tajhp cmest`twtgd sm as tm jg ajhg tm zgcg`vg ~wjh`c oweds% Tbgp i`kbt hacl adgqwatg

oèaecàh cmetzmhs "swcb as a~~gaz tm jg tbg casg cgztaèhp omz Jmrèk( Bmclgp( Lazatg aed

Sqwasb at vaz`mws t igs sgg jghm{)% Tbgp i`kbt sì~hp bavg jgge tmm siahh tm bavg

bad è ~hacg aep mo tbg a~~zm~z atg igcbae`sis omz tbg zgs~mes`jhg baedhèk mo ~wjh c

oweds%

72% @t {as emt èvazàjhp tbg casg tbat a s~mzt {b`cb {as dggigd emt o t omz ~wz~msg {as

egcgssaz`hp `zzgs~mes`jhg mz i`kbt jg `zzgs~mes`jhg {`tb zgkazd tm baedhèk mo ~wjh`c

ime`gs% Smig s~mzts aed è ~azt`cwhaz siahh s~mzts omz d`sajhgd atbhgtgs i`kbt sì~hp

bavg jgge tmm siahh mz bavg bad tmm og{ atbhgtgs tm bavg bad è ~hacg tbg èozastzwctwzg

{b`cb {as zgqw`zgd omz tbg zgs~mes`jhg baedhèk mo ~wjh`c ime`gs%

70% @t {as mwt mo tbgsg cmecgzes tbat tbg `dga dgvghm~gd omz tbg czgat`me mo tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw% At dòogzget tìgs tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as k`vge

dòogzget eaigs% Omz tbg zgst mo tb`s Zg~mzt @ sbahh zgogz tm `t as tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets

Jwzgaw aed jp tbg è`tàhs [C^J% @e tbg`z {z`ttge swji`ss`mes tm ig Iz Caz~getgz aed


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Iz Casgp bavg sa`d tbat tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as gstajh`sbgd ~wzghp as a

~apiget igcbae`si aed emt as a sg~azatg dgc`s`me ialèk owect`me {`tbè S~mzt

Gekhaed% Tb`s `s èdggd bm{ cgztaè igijgzs mo staoo sa{ tbg [C^J6 tbg ~zmjhgi { tb

a ~wzg ~apiget owect`me `s tbat `t z slgd czgatèk a cwhtwzg {bgzg èvm`cgs aed ~apiget

zgqwgsts {gzg emt swoo`c`gethp sczwtè`sgd jgomzg ~apiget {as iadg%

?>% @ bavg cmes`dgzgd t egcgssazp tm graièg è dgta h ~zgc`sghp bm{ tbg [C^J {as

gstajh`sbgd aed @ bavg cmes`dgzgd {bgtbgz è zgah`tp tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw

{as emt fwst a ~apiget owect`me jwt omzigd ~azt mo tbg iaeakgiget owect`me {`tbè S~mzt

Gekhaed%

Bm{ tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as gstajh`sbgd

?1% @ bavg zgcg`vgd dòogzèk accmwets mo bm{ tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as

gstajh sbgd ozmi igijgzs mo tbg omzigz iaeakgiget tgai mo S~mzt Gekhaed% Bm{gvgz(

as a zgswht mo ~`gcèk tmkgtbgz gv`dgecg ozmi {`tegssgs aed ozmi cmetgi~mzaegmws

dmcwigets @ bavg zgacbgd tbg cmechws`me tbat tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as

gstajh`sbgd è tbg omhhm{èk {ap%

?:% [bge Iz Casgp {as Cb`go Grgcwt`vg mo S~mzt Gekhaed bg bad a Stzatgk`c Iaeakgiget

Kzmw~ {b`cb igt omzte`kbthp aed dgaht {`tb tbg zmwtèg iaeakgiget mo S~mzt Gekhaed

jwsègss% Azga d zgctmzs jghmekgd tm tbg Stzatgk`c Iaeakgiget Kzmw~( aed tbg kzmw~s

jwsègss {as ièwtgd at `ts omzte`kbthp iggtèks( gacb iggtèk jgèk zwe {`tb ae akgeda

jgomzgbaed%


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?3% @e 100? `t {as dgc`dgd jp Iz Casgp aed mtbgzs tbat a owztbgz cmii`ttgg sbmwhd jg

gstajh`sbgd lem{e as tbg Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg% Tb`s cmii`ttgg {as omziahhp

gstajh`sbgd at a iggtèk mo tbg Stzatgk`c Iaeakgiget Kzmw~ me :7 Fweg 100?( tbg Tgzis

mo Zgogzgecg {gzg hatgz aigedgd aed jmtb sgts azg cmetaègd è Aeegr 3%

?4% @ bavg cmecgzes ajmwt tbg gstajh`sbiget mo tbg Accmwetaj`h tp Cmii`ttgg% Tbg

Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg {as dgscz`jgd tm ig jp smig {`tegssgs as a swjcmii`ttgg mo

tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg aed Iz Casgp dgscz`jgd `t as a cmii`ttgg {b`cb {mwhd geswzg tbat

èd`v`dwah sge`mz moo`cgzs {mwhd ah{aps bavg a ièd tm jwsègss aed awd`t z`sl aed tbg

eggd ~zm~gzhp tm zg~mzt aed iaeakg z`sl% Bm{gvgz( tbg Tgzis mo Zgogzgecg omz tbg

Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg èd`catg tbat `t {as zg~mztèk tm tbg Stzatgk`c Iaeakgiget

Kzmw~ aed è googct tbg Cb`go Grgcwt`vg% Ozmi tìg tm tìg tbgzg {gzg zg~mzts aed tbg

emtèk mo Tgzis mo Zgogzgecg mo tbg Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg ahsm tm tbg Awd`t

Cmii`ttgg% Jwt @ bavg cmechwdgd tbat tbg Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg d`d emt cmes`dgz

`tsgho tm jg zg~mzt ek d`zgcthp tm tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg emz egcgssaz hp d zgcthp tm tbg

Stzatgk`c Iaeakgiget Kzmw~% Owztbgz( `t a~~gazs tbat tbg Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg

{as wsgd tm gedmzsg( jp {ap mo a emtg( a dgc`s`me iadg jp iaeakgiget( `%g% %tbg

dgc`s`me tm sgt w~ tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw%

?7% At a iggt ek mo tbg Accmwetaj h tp Cmii ttgg è Mctmjgz 1000 `t {as emtgd tbat tbg

[mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw bad jgge gstajh`sbgd% A ~mmzhp dzaotgd ~a~gz {as

~zmv`dgd tm tbg iggtèk% Tbg ~a~gz `s sm ~mmzhp dzaotgd tbat Iz Casgp d`d emt jgh`gvg `t


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zg~zgsgetgd tbg tzwg ~a~gz tbat {as ~zgsgetgd tm tbg Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg% Iz

Caz~getgz sa`d h`lg{`sg {bge @ ètgzv`g{gd bì% Bm{gvgz( tbg akgeda mo tbg zghgvaet

Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg dgimestzatgs tbat tb`s ~mmzhp dzaotgd ~a~gz {as èdggd tbg

mehp omziwhatgd jas`s omz tbg omwedat`me omz tbg gstajh`sbiget mo tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw%

??% @ aeegr as Aeegr 4 a cm~p mo tbg zghgvaet ~a~gz% Ozmi tb`s `t cae jg sgge tbat tbg [mzhd

Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as ètgedgd tm bavg a dgvghm~èk iaeakgiget sw~~mzt owect`me

{`tb zgkazd tm tbg s~mzt {b`cb `t {as kmèk tm ass`st tbzmwkb tbg Jwzgaw% Tb`s `s dòogzget

ozmi {bat @ {as k`vge tm wedgzstaed jp Iz Casgp aed Iz Caz~getgz {bge tbgp ~zmv`dgd

tbg`z swji`ss`mes tm ig( aed iap gr~haè tbg`z cmecgze ajmwt tbg cmetgets mo tbg ~a~gz%

[bat `s imzg s`keò`caet `s tbat tbg gstajh`sbiget mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw

{as emt wedgztalge jp tbg Cmwec`h `tsgho "lem{e as tbg Jmazd) at a iggtèk tm {b`cb

{as ~zgsgetgd a ~zm~gzhp zgasmegd ~a~gz sw~~mztgd jp tbg a~~zm~zàtg igijgzs mo

iaeakgiget% @estgad( tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as gstajh`sbgd jp grgcwt`vgs

và a emtèk tm a swjcmii`ttgg mo tbg Stzatgk`c Iaeakgiget Kzmw~( eaighp tbg

Accmwetaj`h`tp Cmii`ttgg( {b`cb d`d emt cmes`dgz `tsgho tm jg zg~mztèk d`zgcthp tm tbg

Jmazd% @e mtbgz {mzds( tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw kzg{ mwt mo ae èa~~zm~zàtg

~zmcgss mo dgc`s`me ialèk%

?;% Sm oaz as tbg Jmazd {as cmecgzegd tbg mehp zgogzgecg {b`cb `t bas jgge ~mss`jhg omz ip

èqw`zp tm oèd {b`cb zgogzs tm tbg gstajh`sbiget mo tbg Jwzgaw `s sì~hp tm a zgogzgecg è

a dmcwiget a~~gedgd tm Jmazd ièwtgs \Aeegr 7Y {b`cb zgogzs tm tbg gstajh`sbiget mo a


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?0% @t iap {ghh jg tbat tbgsg wewswah jgkèeèks omz tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw

mccwzzgd jgcawsg `t {as cmes`dgzgd jp Iz Casgp aed Iz Caz~getgz tbat tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw {mwhd igzghp jg a igcbae`si omz tbg ~zmcgssèk mo ~apigets {bge tbg

Hmttgzp âegh awtbmz`sgd tbg kzaet tm a ~azt`cwhaz Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmdp {b`cb {as

emt o`t omz ~wz~msg( è c`zcwistaecgs {bgzg tbgzg {mwhd jg em grgcwt`vg dgc`s`me ialèk

jp tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw `tsgho% @o tb`s {as tbg`z tbèlèk `t swoogzs ozmi tbg

oact tbat a ~wzg ~apiget owect`me {mwhd bavg czgatgd a z`sl tbat tbgzg {mwhd bavg jgge

èswoo`c`get sczwtèp mo ~apiget zgqwgsts% Tbg zgah`tp twzegd mwt tm jg smig{bat dòogzget

as tbg pgazs {get jp% @t `s chgaz tm ig tbat tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as

grgzc`sèk a omzi mo iaeakgiget owect`me {`tb zgkazd tm tbg Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmdp

{b`cb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as sw~~mztèk( aed tbat tbmsg {bm {gzg

zgs~mes jhg omz tbg iaeakgiget mo tbg Jwzgaw {gzg tbgisghvgs me mccas`mes ialèk

grgcwt`vg dgc`s`mes swcb as tm ~wt a d`zgctmz ètm a s~mzt è c`zcwistaecgs {b`cb {gzg( è

~zm~gz kmvgzeaecg tgzis( èa~~zm~zàtg% Tbg `zmep mo tbg s`twat`me {as tbat gacb mo tbg

s~mzts è qwgst me d`d èdggd zgqw zg ètges`vg cazg% Me tbg meg baed tbg Hmttgzp âegh

cmes`dgzgd tbg Jwzgaw {mwhd iaeakg oweds saoghp jwt me tbg mtbgz tbg [C^J {as sgge

as a ~apiget owect`me% Tbg googct mo tb`s hacl mo z`kmwz è tbg a~~zmacb tm ~zmjhgiat`c

EKJs {as tbat smig( swcb as Bmclgp( Jmrèk( Lazatg aed Sqwasb cmetèwgd tm jg

owedgd {`tb ~wjh`c imegp omz hmek ~gz`mds {`tbmwt tbg`z kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets jgèk

cmes`dgzgd o`t omz ~wz~msg aed ahsm {`tbmwt swoo`c`get stg~s jgèk talge tm ialg tbgi sm%

Iz Emhae Lèk kavg cmi~ghhèk gv`dgecg tbat bg {as tmhd emt tm qwgst`me tbg èvm`cgs%

_`ctmzà âcg {bm dgaht {`tb Lazatg è tbg hattgz stakgs kavg sì haz gv`dgecg% Gacb


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èd`catgd tbat tbg em qwgst`me att`twdg caig ozmi imzg sge`mz iaeakgiget ahtbmwkb

tbgp d`d emt `dgetòp {bm è ~azt`cwhaz%

;>% Ozmi tbg imdgst jgkèeèks {b`cb @ bavg dgscz`jgd ajmvg( tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets

Jwzgaw caig tm jg iaeakgd jp tbg Bgad mo @etgzeah Awd`t( Iz Jazzp Cb`vgzs% Iz

Cb`vgzs( as Bgad mo @etgzeah Awd t( sbmwhd emt bavg jgge k`vge aep grgcwt`vg

zgs~mes`j`h`tp omz tbg iaeakgiget mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw% Tbg tbèlèk

{b`cb hgd tm bì jgèk k`vge tb`s grgcwt`vg zgs~mes`j`h`tp a~~gazs tm bavg jgge tbat

iaeakgiget awd`t {mwhd jg cmecgzegd tm geswzg tbat mehp ~zm~gz ~apigets {gzg iadg tm

kmvgzeèk jmd`gs {b`cb {gzg emt cmes`dgzgd o`t omz ~wz~msg% @ {as ahsm tmhd jp Iz

Cb`vgzs tbat bg {as k`vge tb`s zgs~mes`j`h`tp jgcawsg sge`mz iaeakgiget d`d emt bavg

swoo`c`get cmeo`dgecg è iaeakgiget è mtbgz ~azts mo tbg jwsègss tm jg k`vge tbg

zgs~mes`j`h`tp% Bm{gvgz( tbg czgat`me mo a ~apiget owect`me omz {b`cb tbg ètgzeah awd`t

dg~aztiget {as zgs~mes`jhg sgzvgd tm czgatg imzg kmvgzeaecg ~zmjhgis emt hgss% @

d`sakzgg {`tb tbg tbèlèk {b`cb hgd tm Iz Cb`vgzs as Bgad mo @etgzeah mz Iaeakgiget

Awd`t jgèk k`vge tb`s grgcwt`vg owect`me%

;1% @t {as tbgzgomzg èa~~zm~zàtg omz tbg Bgad mo @etgzeah mz Iaeakgiget Awd`t "Iz

Cb`vgzs) tm jg k`vge tbg grgcwt`vg zgs~mes`j`h`tp omz tbg iaeakgiget mo tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw6 Iz Cb`vgzs akzggd {bge @ ètgzv`g{gd bì( ahtbmwkb bg ~mètgd mwt

tbat sge`mz iaeakgiget bad k`vge bì ae èczgasèkhp tzmwjhg sbmmtèk zmhg {b`cb

{get jgpmed @etgzeah mz Iaeakgiget Awd`t% Tbg zgasmes {bp @etgzeah mz Iaeakgiget

Awd`t sbmwhd emt bavg a jwsègss iaeakgiget owect`me azg mjv`mws( eaighp6


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;1%1 @etgzeah Awd`t sbmwhd egvgz cmedwct grgcwt`vg jwsègss owect mes6 tbgzg `s a

cmeoh`ct mo ètgzgst>2) è

tbg Mhpi~`c Kaigs Igdah Tajhg( è tbg âzahpi~`c Kaigs ozmi 4tb tm :ed% @ bavg jgge

~zmv`dgd {`tb a cbazt {b`cb cmevge`gethp swiiaz`sgs tbg ì~zmvgigets

Mhpi~`c Kaigs

Kaigs Kmhd S`hvgz Jzmeg Tmtah ^ms`t`me

Athaeta 100? 1 2 ? 17 3?tb

Spdegp :>>> 11 1> ; :2 1>tb

Atbges :>>4 0 0 1: 3> 1>tb

Jg`fèk :>>2 10 13 17 4; 4tb

âzahpi~`c Kaigs

Kaigs Kmhd S`hvgz Jzmeg Tmtah ^ms`t`me

Athaeta 100? 30 4: 41 1:: 4tb

Spdegp :>>> 41 43 4; 131 :ed

Atbges :>>4 37 3> :0 04 :ed


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Jg`fèk :>>2 4: :0 31 1>: :ed

;;% Tbg azkwiget {b`cb Iz Caz~getgz aed Iz Casgp advaecg `s tbat S~mzt Gekhaed bas jgge

d`zgcthp zgs~mes jhg omz tbg ì~zmvgiget mo gh`tg atbhgtgs aed è ~azt`cwhaz ì~zmvgiget

at tbg Mhpi~`c Kaigs( âzahpi~`cs Kaigs( Cmiime{gahtb Kaigs aed( @ {mwhd add(

[mzhd Cbai~`mesb`~s% Bm{gvgz( as @ ~mèt mwt è tb`s zg~mzt tbg owedèk mo gh`tg atbhgtgs

{as tzaesogzzgd tm WL S~mzt aed bad jgge owhhp tzaesogzzgd tm tbgi jp :>>?% WL S~mzt `s

`tsgho get`thgd tm talg czgd`t omz `ts ~azt è {bat bas jgge a vast ì~zmvgiget jp Kzgat

Jz`taè atbhgtgs( è ~azt`cwhaz at tbg Jg`f ek Mhpi~`cs è :>>2%

;2% @t iap ahsm jg tzwg tbat owedèk mo s~mzts {b`cb bavg b`kb qwah tp( {mzhd chass( eat`meah

kmvgzeèk jmd`gs hgd tm imzg igdahs tbzmwkb gecmwzakgiget mo eg{ getzaets ètm

stzgektbgeèk tgais% Omz grai~hg( sa`hèk bas jgge a s~mzt {b`cb bas kzm{e è stzgektb

aed at {b`cb Kzgat Jz taè bas grcghhgd at tbg Mhpi~`c Kaigs( aed `s vgzp {ghh zwe%

Zm{èk bas jgge a s~mzt {bgzg tbgzg bas jgge s`keò`caet acb`gvgiget {`tb Kzgat Jz`taè

~zmdwcèk meg mo tbg kzgatgst Mhpi~àes gvgz tbzmwkb S`z Stg~bge Zgdkzavg( aed

èvgstiget jp S~mzt Gekhaed ètm tbg s~mzt% Cpchèk kmt moo tm a dòo`cwht stazt {`tb `ts

accmwetèk omz tbg _ghmdzmig( jwt S~mzt Gekhaed ass`stgd {`tb tb`s aed tbg s~mzt bas

wedmwjtgdhp acb`gvgd cmes`stget {mzhd chass statws è ~azt dwg tm tbg èvgstiget jp S~mzt

Gekhaed aed WL S~mzt ètm tbg s~mzt( aed kmmd qwah`tp iaeakgiget mo `ts EKJ aotgz ae

wecgztaè ~gz`md {bge tbg Iaecbgstgz _ghmdzmig {as jgèk jw`ht% Tb`s bas jgge tbg

zgswht mo a cmijèat`me mo tbg jw`hd ek mo tbg Iaecbgstgz _ghmdzmig {b`cb bad S~mzt


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swoo`c`gethp accwzatg tm dgimestzatg {bat bas ba~~gegd tm tbg oweds {b`cb ~assgd

tbzmwkb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw%

[MZHD CHASS ÂPIGETS JWZGAW

SWIIAZP O@EAEC@AH STATGIGET

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ZGCG@^TSSG)Atbhgt`cs > > > > > > 4:3(7>> )47(42: > > 3;2(>12

SG)Jm{hs > > :71(;;7 22(21> > > > > > > 34>(727

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SG)Bmclgp > > 37>(>?0 3(4:?(?01 :(440(??? > > > > > ?(::?(4:?

SG)@cg Slatèk > :1?(>>> 3?0(;4> 1>>(3>2 > > > > > > ?2?(>42

SG)Lazatg > :?>(?01 4??(?4> :;2(?7: :::(;4: :2:(237 471(>14 :44(71: > > :(:>;(>2?

SG)^^J zmfgct > > > > > > :>>(>>> > > > :>>(>>>

SG)Sbmmtèk > > 4>(>>> :2(7:2 > > > > > > ?2(7:2

SG)Sqwasb > > 17>(>>> 1(:3;(;20 ?:;(0?7 702(>:1 > > > > :(?13(;;?

SG)[zgsthèk > 3?(170 1:?(>>? 40(43> > > > > > > :11(70?

> > > > > > > > > > >

WL)Jhèd Kmahjahh :0(7?? 4>(;0: 1>(131 3(4?7 > > > > > > 23(077

WL)Jmccà > 73(1:7 :1(?1> ?0(:4? 4;(0;0 37(3:4 > > > > ::;(:24

WL)D`sajhgd Ogecèk > 47(>>> 3>(7:4 :2(7:4 3;(04? ::(3:0 > > > > 1?4(3:4

WL)âza~hgk`c Sbmmtèk ;>(>:4 :(>>> 40(:4: :1(>>> 7?(004 30(;0? > > > > :30(>7?WL)[g`kbthòtèk ?>(>?? > 74(1>: 7;(4?4 74(014 4>(277 :(>4? > > > :?0(44;

WL)[bgghcba`z Zwkjp ?1(;30 71(11; 22(>>4 02(7:? ?;(;40 22(27> 3(1;2 > > > 470(1?3

> > > > > > > > > > >Sws~gesg 1(4>? > > ::(0;: ;(;0> 04(01> 7(;?3 01 > );4(0:; 72(>>7

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > >

! ZGCG@^TS :::(2>1 230(:12 3(703(47? ?(722(240 7(:2:(?>? 1(2:4(73: 1(>27(7>> 100(1:1 > );4(0:; 10(7?1(17;

>

ÂPIGET SG)Atbhgt`cs > > ;(14; > > 1>?(;:> :?;(;1> 30(>0: > > 4:>(?;>

SG)Jm{hs > > :1>(;22 134(42: > > > > > > 347(:;>

SG)Jmrèk > :?:(3>4 1(33>(;44 1(4>0(2?: 1(431(070 7?>(10> :??(>03 > > > 7(:?1(17:SG)Bmclgp > > ;(2>> :(;?>(213 3(:2>(322 > 313(?;4 > > > ?(3?:(?;7

SG)@cg Slatèk > 1:0(41? :3;(110 1?2(?10 > > > > > > 737(174

SG)Lazatg > :71(1:: 43?(103 3?3(7?3 :>1(>:; :?:(102 422(;?1 ::1(4;3 > > :(::4(33;

SG)^^J zmfgct > > > > > > :>>(>>> > > > :>>(>>>

SG)Sbmmtèk > > > ;7(34? > > > > > > ;7(34?

SG)Sqwasb > > 3>4(1>? 0?7(232 ;00(;>1 7?3(:73 > > > > :(?3:(202

SG)[zgsthèk > :2(;71 14:(;;: ?3(7?1 > > > > > > :37(>23

> > > > > > > > > > > >

WL)Jhèd Kmahjahh 31(1?; 4?(2?: 11(17; :(?01 > > > > > > 01(2;;WL)Jmccà ?(?>? 30(>1? 1?(>>; 44(3>0 ?:(071 3?(47? > > > > :>7(34?

WL)D`sajhgd Ogecèk > 44(?;2 :1(:4? :?(>?7 3:(7?1 13(2>> > > > > 132(37>

WL)âza~hgk`c Sbmmtèk 12(4?; 1:(12; 4:(>:2 37(:37 32(:4> 3:(2?> > > > > 1;0(>1;

WL)[g`kbthòtèk :>(77> 33(2?2 > 7:(20; 70(;33 7>(:00 3(732 > > > ::>(224

WL)[bgghcba`z Zwkjp 72(422 7?(:4; 0?(>;? 11?(>23 03(74; ?4(7;? ?02 > > > 427(;17

> > > > > > > > > > > >

Sws~gesg 7? 3(204 0(;>0 > > > > 3:2 32: 20 14(472

> > > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > >

> > > > > > > > > > > >

! ÂPIGETS 137(334 0>2(347 :(2;:(20> ?(:10(3?4 ?(>>>(1>2 1(?0>(37: 1(74>(4;4 :?>(203 32: 20 10(?:2(:31

21% As cae jg dgimestzatgd ozmi tbg hgdkgz( è tbg ~gz`md tm 31 Iazcb :>>>( :::(2>1 {get

ètm tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw jael accmwet aed 137(334 {as ~a`d mwt% @e tbg

omhhm{èk pgaz tm 31 Iazcb :>>1( 230(:12 {as ~a`d ètm tbg accmwet aed 0>2(347 {as

~a`d mwt% Jwt è tbg pgaz tm 31 Iazcb :>>: tbgzg {as a iass`vg èczgasg è tbg wsg mo tbg

[mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw accmwet6 è tbat pgaz 3(703(47? {as ~a`d è aed

:(2;:(20> {as ~a`d mwt% As @ bavg ahzgadp èd`catgd( jp A~z`h :>>: S~mzt Gekhaed


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Kzaets% Tbg 1%4 i`hh`me cmi~z`sgs è swjstaetàh ~azt ~apigets tm t{m EKJs6 tbg

Sqwasb Zaclgts Assmcàt`me aed tbg Aiatgwz Jmrèk Assmcàt`me% [g bavg tzacgd

1(>4>(110%>> as kmèk tm tbg Sqwasb Zaclgts Assmcàt`me è :>>1 gvge tbmwkb tbg JACs

tzaesogz omzi sbm{s tbg ~apgg as tbg S~mzt Gekhaed âpiget Jwzgaw% Mwz cbgcls mo tbg

Hmttgzp Kzaet a{azd dmcwigets aed mwz cbgcls mo tbg ime`gs {b`cb {gzg è oact ~a`d tm

Sqwasb và tbg [C^J èd`catg tbat tbg s~mzt mo Sqwasb d`d èdggd zgcg`vg tbgsg oweds

wedgz tbg z Hmttgzp Kzaet( aed tbgp {mwhd bavg cmi~haègd o tbgp bad emt dmeg sm% Tbg

Aiatgwz Jmrèk Assmcàt`me d`d ahsm zgcg`vg :0?(731%>> {b`cb bad jgge i`sdgscz`jgd

è tbg JACs omzi è a sì haz {ap "`%g% as a ~apiget tm tbg [C^J)% @ aed ip ass`staet

azg st`hh tzpèk tm hmcatg {bm tbg zgc`~`get {as mo tbg zgiaèèk swi mo 3?(>;06 `t `s

h`lghp tbat tb`s tmm {as a dza{ dm{e me jgbaho mo ae EKJ aed {as s i~hp dgscz`jgd as

Iaeakgiget Awd`t [mzhd Chass Sw~~mzt me tbg JACs tzaesogz omzi% @ zwhg mwt ozawd

mz tbgot as tm tbg 1%4 i`hh`me% [bat ahh mo tb`s èd`catgs `s tbat tbg JACs tzaesogz spstgi

{as( cgztaèhp at tb`s stakg è `ts hòg( ca~ajhg mo bavèk èaccwzatg èomziat`me ~hacgd me

tbg dmcwigetat`me% @ wedgzstaed tbat tbg JACs spstgi cmwhd jg wsgd jp gi~hmpggs è

tbg [C^J zghat`vghp gas`hp% @ ialg a zgcmiigedat`me as tm owtwzg sgcwz`tp mo tbg JACs

spstgi è Cba~tgz 11% @t iap {ghh jg tbat {bat @ zgcmiiged bas ahzgadp jgge attgedgd

tm as JACs ~apigets spstgis bavg jgcmig imzg sgcwzg sècg :>>1% @ bavg jgge

èomzigd {mzl bas staztgd tm sgcwzg tbg JACs ~apiget spstgi omhhm{èk Iz Lghhps

zg~mzt% A sgcwzg spstgi `s mjv`mwshp zgqw`zgd omz Hmttgzp oweds%


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Bm{ Hmek Sbmwhd tbg [C^J bavg hastgd=

23% [bge ètgzv`g{gd jp ig( Iz Cb`vgzs èd`catgd tbat bg tbmwkbt tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw sbmwhd bavg bad a hòg mo em imzg tbae ajmwt meg tm t{m pgazs% @ tbèl

bg igaet tbat em s~mzt sbmwhd bavg jgge dgaht {`tb tbzmwkb tbg [C^J omz imzg tbae 1:

pgazs% Tbg tbèlèk {b`cb hap jgbèd tb`s cmiiget {as tbat ò tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw gr`stgd sm as tm ewztwzg a kmvgzeèk jmdp {b`cb {as emt o`t omz ~wz~msg

jacl tm bgahtb aed ò tbat kmvgzeèk jmdp bad emt jgcmig bgahtbp {`tbè a meg tm t{m

pgaz ~gz`md( tbge `t {mwhd emt bavg jgge a~~zm~zàtg tm cmetèwg owedèk tbat jmdp% @

akzgg {`tb tb`s aeahps`s% As cae jg sgge ozmi tbg hgdkgz aed Cba~tgz ; smig EKJs {gzg

owedgd omz hmekgz tbae 1: pgazs {bge tbgp {gzg emt o`t omz ~wz~msg%

24% Tbgzg azg bm{gvgz owztbgz zgasmes as tm {bp S~mzt Gekhaed sbmwhd bavg talge a hmek

bazd hmml at {bgtbgz tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw sbmwhd bavg cmetèwgd è

gr`stgecg% Tb`s `s tm dm {`tb tbg oact tbat ae attgi~t omziahhp tm gstajh`sb a sw~~mzt

jwzgaw m~gzat me {as actwahhp zgfgctgd jp igijgzs mo tbg Awd`t Cmii ttgg mo S~mzt

Gekhaed è :>>1% At tbg ~mèt {bge a dgc`s`me {as iadg tm zgfgct a jwzgaw( tbg staoo mo

S~mzt Gekhaed {bm {gzg zweeèk smigtbèk {b`cb gr`stgd è sì`haz omzi( ahjg`t me a

iwcb siahhgz scahg tbae tbat {b`cb bad jgge ~zm~msgd( sbmwhd bavg za`sgd {`tb sge`mz

iaeakgiget aed tbg Jmazd {bgtbgz `t {as a~~zm~zàtg tm cmetèwg {`tb tbg jwzgaw `tsgho%

Tbgp d`d emt dm tb`s aed tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw tbgzgomzg cazz`gd me omz a

owztbgz o`vg pgazs è c`zcwistaecgs {bgzg @ cmes`dgz `t sbmwhd bavg emt bavg dmeg( aed

cgztaèhp emt è tbg omzi {b`cb @ bavg dgscz`jgd%


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27% @ ai cmesc`mws tbat tb`s iwst jg lg~t è ~gzs~gct`vg% S~mzt Gekhaed d`d sgg ;;' mo `ts

scbgigs zatgd sat`soactmzp mz jgttgz jp tbg DCIS aed tbgp sa{ a 11?' èczgasg è

oac`h`tp wsakg "smwzcg tbg DCIS dmcwiget Tbg O`zst Sgvge Pgazs)% Jwt fwdkgd me `ts

m{e tgzis tbg [C^J actgd as a oweegh omz tbg ~zmv`s`me mo Hmttgzp imegp tm EKJs

{b`cb {gzg emt o`t omz ~wz~msg aed {bgzg smig mo tbmsg EKJs d`d emt ì~zmvg tbg`z m{e

kmvgzeaecg azzaekgigets%

Cmes`dgzat`me mo tbg Gstajh`sbiget mo tbg Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw

2?% @e :>>> Iz Cb`vgzs( as Bgad mo @etgzeah Awd t( cmii`ss`megd Iz ^gtgz Tbmias tm

wedgztalg smig {mzl {`tb a v`g{ tm ialèk a zgcmiigedat`me tbat S~mzt Gekhaed

sbmwhd czgatg a Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw% Iz Tbmias wedgztmml smig

{mzl aed ~zg~azgd a zg~mzt omz Iz Cb`vgzs% Tbg oact tbat Iz Cb`vgzs {as ajhg tm

cmii`ss`me swcb a zg~mzt ed`catgs tbg jzgadtb mo b`s m{e grgcwt`vg ~m{gzs%

2;% As a zgswht mo tb`s {mzl( a d`scwss`me ~a~gz {as ~zg~azgd {b`cb {g bavg omwed hmmsg

aimekst tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg ~a~gzs omz tbg ged mo tbg pgaz :>>1 "jwt sgg Cba~tgz 2 omz

imzg dgta`h as tm tbg t ièk)% Tbat d`scwss`me ~a~gz sgts mwt tbg ~zms aed cmes mo

gstajh`sbèk a Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw%

22% Tbg `dga mo gstajh`sbèk a Eat meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw {as d`scwssgd at

t{m Awd`t Cmii`ttgg iggtèks% @t {as dgc`dgd tbat tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg sbmwhd hmml at

tbg `sswg {`tb a v`g{ tm talèk `t owztbgz( jwt {bge tbg `sswg {as owztbgz graiègd( `t {as

dgc`dgd tbat `t sbmwhd emt jg talge owztbgz% Dgc`dèk me {bgtbgz mz emt tbgzg sbmwhd jg a


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eg{ jwsègss owect`me dmgs emt sggi tm ig tm jg ae a~~zm~zàtg tasl omz tbg Awd`t

Cmii`ttgg% Jg tbat as `t iap( @ bavg zgad dmcwigets {b`cb sbm{ tbat igijgzs mo tbg

Awd`t Cmii ttgg cmes`dgzgd tbat tbg gstajh`sbiget mo a Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs

Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw {as emt {bat S~mzt Gekhaed {as ajmwt aed {as cmes`dgzgd( cgztaèhp jp

smig igijgzs mo tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg( tm jg èa~~zm~zàtg% Tbg `dga {as tbgzgomzg

ahhm{gd tm d`g%

20% Ahtbmwkb tbg `dga omz tbg Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw {as omz tbg

gstajh`sbiget mo a jmdp {b`cb {mwhd bavg a {`dgz zgi`t tbae tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets

Jwzgaw( egvgztbghgss tbg ~zm~msah {as tbat tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw cmwhd jg

swjswigd {`tbè a Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw% Tbg ~a~gz d`d emt

s~ghh mwt {bat {mzl tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as è oact dmèk( emz d`d `t s~ghh

mwt tbg dgkzgg mo act`v`tp {b`cb jp hatg :>>> aed gazhp :>>1 tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets

Jwzgaw {as wedgztalèk%

0>% @e ip v`g{( at tbg ~mèt at {b`cb tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg dgc`dgd tbat t {as emt kmèk tm

talg tbg Eat`meah Kmvgzeèk Jmd`gs Sw~~mzt Jwzgaw `dga aep owztbgz( sge`mz iaeakgiget

mo S~mzt Gekhaed sbmwhd bavg iadg `t chgaz tm tbg Jmazd mo S~mzt Gekhaed ~zgc`sghp {bat

act`v`t`gs {gzg jgèk wedgztalge jp tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw aed bavg smwkbt

èstzwct`mes as tm {bat sbmwhd em{ ba~~ge%


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01% @e oact( as @ dgta`h hatgz è tb`s zg~mzt( tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw cmetèwgd è

gr`stgecg {`tbmwt swoo`c`get zg~mztèk mo `ts act`v`t`gs aed owect`mes kmèk me g`tbgz tm tbg

Awd`t Cmii ttgg( mz tm tbg Jmazd mo S~mzt Gekhaed%

0:% Tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw bavèk dgvghm~gd mwt mo ae èa~~zm~z atg ~zmcgss(

{as egvgz jzmwkbt {`tbè tbg ètgzeah mz grtgzeah awd`t ~zmkzaiigs% Iwcb chgazgz

zg~mzts mo `ts act`v`t`gs sbmwhd bavg jgge k`vge tm tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg mo S~mzt Gekhaed%

Owztbgz( tbg ètgzeah awd`t owect`me( mz iaeakgiget awd`t owect`me( mo S~mzt Gekhaed

sbmwhd bavg zg~mztgd tm tbg grtgzeahhp cmetzactgd ètgzeah awd`tmzs aed tm tbg Eat`meah

Awd`t Moo`cg {bat jwsègss act`v`t`gs {gzg jgèk wedgztalge jp tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw aed tbat tbmsg act`v`t`gs {gzg jgèk wedgztalge tbzmwkb a sg~azatg jael

accmwet% Tb`s d`d emt mccwz% Owztbgz( Jazchaps Jael( {bge aslgd aeewahhp jp tbg

Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg tm ~zmv`dg dgta`hs mo jael accmwets bghd jp S~mzt Gekhaed( egvgz

~zmv`dgd èomziat`me ajmwt tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw accmwet1?

%

03% Tbg zgswht mo tbgsg oa`hwzgs {as tbat tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw {as emt jzmwkbt

{`tbè g`tbgz tbg @etgzeah mz tbg Grtgzeah Awd`t ~zmkzaiigs% Awd`t sai~hg tgstèk d`d emt

mccwz mo tzaesact mes {b`cb {get tbzmwkb tbg [C^J% Emz {gzg tbg Jazchaps [C^J

accmwet jahaecgs zgcmec`hgd jp tbg awd`tmzs% Tbg Jael Accmwet {as ètgzeahhp

zgcmec`hgd jp S~mzt Gekhaed staoo wet`h :>>4% Zgcmec`hàt`me mo tbg jael accmwet `s emt

tbg saig as ae awd`t mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw `tsgho% As oaz as @ cae tghh( tbgzg

{as egvgz aep attgi~t jp tbg ètgzeah awd`tmzs "`%g% z`cg[atgzbmwsg Cmm~gzs "^{C)(

Iaazs aed Jgethgp Fgee`sme( mz tbmsg cmetzactgd tm wedgztalg ètgzeah awd`t) tm

# #!T

PAR#/(,/("(:)>)+6("#)(%%#D(#)'>)#)'+"#+"#:&)#4:4"4>%N#


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wedgztalg ae awd`t mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw( aed tbg gv`dgecg ~zmv`dgd tm

ig jp tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg èd`catgs tbat tbgp wedgztmml em sai~hg awd`t tgstèk mo

~apigets mz tzaesact`mes wedgztalge tbzmwkb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw% Tbg

zgasme {bp tbgsg oa`hwzgs mccwzzgd `s jgcawsg tbgzg {gzg oa`hwzgs tm zg~mzt jp

iaeakgiget% Tbg EAM d`d emt tbgzgomzg ~hae tbg`z awd`ts {`tb a v`g{ tm èchwdèk

[C^J tzaesact`mes as ~azt mo tbg`z awd`t {mzl%


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CBA^TGZ 4

TBG S^MZTS CMWEC@H AED S^MZT GEKHAED

ZGHG_AET STZWCTWZG 1002:>>;

04% @ grb`j`t tm tb`s zg~mzt a cbazt \Aeegr 2Y mo tbg zghgvaet sge`mz ~gzsmeegh at S~mzt Gekhaed

jgt{gge tbg ~gz`md 1007 tm :>>;% Ozmi tb`s `t cae jg sgge tbat tbgzg {gzg ozgqwget

cbaekgs mo Cba ziae( Cb`go Grgcwt`vg( Oèaecg D`zgctmz-Bgad mo Cmz~mzatg Sgzv`cgs(

aed mtbgzs "emt grb`j`tgd è tbg cbazt) dwzèk tbg pgazs {bge tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets

Jwzgaw {as gstajh`sbgd aed zwe% Meg mo tbg zghgvaet hgssmes mo tb`s èqw`zp `s tbat `t s

emt bgahtbp omz a emedg~aztigetah kmvgzeèk jmdp "mz èdggd aep mzkae`sat`me) omz tbgzg

tm jg ozgqwget cbaekgs mo sge`mz iaeakgiget aed ~gzsmeegh6 {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed a

sgesg mo èstaj`h`tp aed hacl mo cmz~mzatg igimzp dgvghm~gd as tbgzg {gzg sge`mz

~gzsmeegh cbaekgs è ~azt dz`vge jp ~mh`t`càes%

07% Tbg stzwctwzg mo S~mzt Gekhaed tsgho {as as omhhm{s% Tbg Cmwec h {as aed s zgs~mes`jhg

omz tbg mvgzahh kmvgzeaecg aed d`zgct`me mo S~mzt Gekhaed% @ts igijgzs azg dgscz`jgd as

Tbg Jmazd

0?% A Hmttgzp âegh {as gstajh`sbgd cba`zgd è tbg zghgvaet ~gz`md jp Tzgvmz Jzmmlèk(

Kgzahd Dgee`s( Dav`d Mrhgp( Dgs [`hsme( Zap Caztgz aed Jz`k`d Sìimeds% @t {as tb`s

âegh {b`cb sczwtè`sgd a~~h`cat`mes omz hmttgzp owedèk aed iadg zgcmiigedat`me tm tbg

Cmwec`h {b`cb {mwhd whtìatghp jg zgs~mes`jhg omz aep kzaets iadg% Owztbgz dgta`hs azg

cmetaègd è Cba~tgzs ? aed ;% Tbg Hmttgzp aegh {as d`sjaedgd mz zgeaigd è :>>:


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{bge `t jgcaig lem{e as tbg Hmttgzp -Eat`meah @evgstiget âegh% @e hatg 1000 mz gazhp

:>>> sped`catgs {gzg ètzmdwcgd tm tbg Hmttgzp âegh( meg mo {b`cb {as lem{e as tbg

[mzhd Chass Sped`catg%

0;% Tbg Cba ziae mo tbg Cmwec`h cba zgd tbg jmazd% Tbg Cba`zs {gzg S`z Zmdegp [ahlgz%

S`z Tzgvmz Jzmmlèk( Hmzd Caztgz mo Cmhgs( Dgzgl Ia~~ aed I`cbagh Oazzaz "{bm mehp

tmml mvgz è Dgcgijgz :>>; aed mwts`dg tbg ~gz`md {bge tbg [C^J m~gzatgd)%

02% @e tbg zghgvaet pgazs wet h Iap :>>7 S~mzt Gekhaed bad ae ètgzeah awd`t aed-mz

iaeakgiget awd`t owect`me {b`cb {as bgadgd w~ jp Iz Jazzp Cb`vgzs% Aotgz Iap :>>7

b`s ~hacg {as talge jp Iz Kzg`k Ahae {bm( è :>>?( imvgd tm Jgethgp Fgee`sme( {bm

tbgisghvgs {gzg tbg mwtsmwzcgd ètgzeah awd`tmzs%

00% Tbzmwkbmwt tbg {bmhg mo tbg ~gz`md {`tb {b`cb @ bavg jgge cmecgzegd( S~mzt Gekhaed

bad ae Awd`t Cmii`ttgg% Tbg Cba`ziae mo tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg è 1002 aed 1000 {as

Kgzahd Dgee`s aed aotgz tbat Iz Zmkgz Jmttmihgp wet`h Sg~tgijgz :>>:% @e :>>3 Jz`k`d

Sìimeds cba`zgd tbg Cmii`ttgg aed ozmi Dgcgijgz :>>3 tm :>>; S`z Aedzg{ Omstgz

cba`zgd tbg Cmii`ttgg% S`z Aedzg{ cmetèwgd è tb`s zmhg wet`h b`s sgcmed tgzi mo moo`cg

as a igijgz mo tbg S~mzt Gekhaed Jmazd gr~`zgd è Fwhp :>>0%

1>>% @e b`s gv`dgecg tm ig( Iz Zmkgz Jmttmihgp èd`catgd tbat bg tmml me tbg zmhg mo Awd t

Cmii`ttgg Cba`ziae as a zgswht mo a zgqwgst iadg tm bì jp Iz Dgzgl Casgp( tbg Cb`go

Grgcwt`vg% Tbg Cba z mo tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg mo a jmdp {b`cb cmetzmhs ~wjh c oweds


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eggds tm jg smigjmdp gr~gz`gecgd è tbg {mzl mo accmwets sczwtèp( aed ~zgogzajhp

~wjh`c sgctmz oèaecg aed awd`ts% Jp tb`s @ igae tbat tbg ~gzsme cmecgzegd iwst g`tbgz

bavg s~gcò`c awd`t gr~gz`gecg mz iwst bavg {mzlgd è ae gev`zmeiget {bgzg bg mz sbg

bas wedgztalge sczwtè`sèk {mzl mo tbg lèd {b`cb ae awd`t cmii`ttgg {mwhd wedgztalg%

@e tbg casg mo S~mzt Gekhaed( omz smig mo tbg zghgvaet ~gz`md( Iz Zmkgz Jmttmihgp

cba`zgd tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg ":>>> wet`h Sg~tgijgz :>>:) jwt d`d emt bavg ~azt`cwhaz

awd`t gr~gz`gecg as @ bavg fwst dgscz`jgd `t% Iz Jmttmihgps jaclkzmwed bas jgge è

hmcah kmvgzeiget "[gstièstgz C`tp Cmwec`h)( jgomzg {mzlèk è Hg`swzg Iaeakgiget%

Bg {as aslgd jp Iz Dgzgl Casgp tm cba`z tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg% Iz Jmttmihgp `s ~haèhp

ae bmegst aed cmesc`get`mws ~gzsme% @t `s emt chgaz tm ig {bgtbgz tbg a~~mètiget {as

wedgztalge tbzmwkb a ~wjh`c a~~mètiget ~zmcgss%

1>1% Iz Jmttmihgp( è b`s ètgzv`g{ {`tb ig( èd`catgd tbat bg d`d emt cmes`dgz `t ~azt mo tbg

Awd`t Cmii`ttggs owect`me tm èvgst`katg( d`k mz ~mh`cg as tm tbg act`v t`gs mo tbg

moo`càhs aed mtbgzs {bm caig jgomzg tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg aed zg~mztgd% Jp cmetzast(

{bge @ ètgzv`g{gd S`z Tzgvmz Jzmmlèk me tbg saig dap( bg d`d cmes`dgz tbat tbg Awd t

Cmii`ttgg {as a cmii`ttgg {b`cb {mwhd cbahhgekg zghgvaet moo`càhs aed sczwtè`sg z`sl

azgas tm tbg jwsègss% Tb`s i swedgzstaedèk igaet tbat tbgzg iap {ghh bavg jgge ae

gev`zmeiget {bgzg tbg Awd`t Cmii`ttgg( wet`h at hgast :>>3( {as emt m~gzatèk as a

zmjwst sczwtè`sgz mo iaeakgiget cmetzmhs mo z`sl {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed( {b`cb iap bavg

igaet tbat S~mzt Gekhaed moo`càhs tbgisghvgs d`d emt oggh tbat tbgp {mwhd jg cbahhgekgd

at Awd`t Cmii`ttgg iggtèks% As @ sbahh dgimestzatg è imzg dgta`h "è Cba~tgz 2)( tbg

zg~mzts as tm tbg act`v`t`gs mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw tgedgd tm jg aemdpeg aed


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59/261

BZ

oa`hwzgs {b`cb cmetz`jwtgd tm tbg oact tbat tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg `tsgho d`d emt lem{ mo

tbg zgvgewg stzgai tbat {as cmièk ètm aed kmèk mwt mo tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets

Jwzgaw% Tbg Oèaecg( aed Iaeakgiget Awd`t "hatgz tbg Kmvgzeaecg Asswzaecg aed Z`sl)

tgais sbmwhd s~gcò`cahhp bavg dza{e tb`s tm tbg attget`me mo tbg Eat`meah Awd`t Moo`cg%

@edwct`me mo Staoo aed Sge`mz Igijgzs mo S~mzt Gekhaed

1>2% Dwzèk tbg cmwzsg mo tb`s èqw zp( `t bas jgcmig a~~azget tm ig tbat èdwct`me mo staoo(

aed baedmvgz azzaekgigets( omz tbg ~gz`md {b`cb @ ai geqw`zèk ètm( `%g% 1000 tm :>>;

{gzg ~mmz%

1>0% Omz grai~hg( t dmgs emt sggi tm ig tbat tbg ècmièk Cba`zs mz Cb`go Grgcwt vgs mo

S~mzt Gekhaed {gzg k`vge owhh {z`ttge jz`goèks( emz a owhh aeahps`s mo tbg`z dwt`gs aed

zgs~mes`j`h`t`gs {`tbè tbg ozaig{mzl mo tbg Hmttgzp Act 1003( oèaecàh d`zgct`mes(

kw`daecg aed ~mh`cp% Smig igijgzs mo staoo d`d a~~gaz tm zgcg`vg smig èdwct`me

tzaèèk% Jwt tbgzg sbmwhd bavg jgge a omziah spstgi omz èdwct`me tzaèèk mo gacb

igijgz mo staoo em iattgz bm{ sge`mz mz fwe`mz a~~zm~zàtghp cmestzwctgd omz tbg

zgs~mes`j`h`t`gs {b`cb tbat igijgz mo staoo {as kmèk tm wedgztalg% Tb`s `s tzwg kgegzahhp

aed mo cmwzsg omz tbg [C^J è ~azt cwhaz% Tbg zgswht mo tb`s oa`hwzg `s tbat {bge( omz

grai~hg( Dgzgl Ia~~ jgcaig Cba`ziae è :>>?( bg {as k`vge v`ztwahhp em ~zm~gz

èdwct`me ètm b`s fmj% Tbgzg {gzg smig tzaèèk dmcwigets aed a iaewah d`d gr`st omz

tbg [C^J% Jwt staoo bavg tmhd ig tbat tbgp d`d emt zgcg`vg èdwct`me aed tzaèèk%


60/261

B_

11>% At a imzg fwe`mz hgvgh( @ zgcg`vgd a {mzzpèk accmwet ozmi _`ctmzà âcg( {bm jgcaig

zgs~mes`jhg omz tbg lazatg accmwet {b`hst `t {as jgèk iaeakgd tbzmwkb tbg [mzhd Chass

âpigets Jwzgaw è :>>?% Bgz jaclkzmwed {as è s~mzt iaeakgiget( aed emt è

accmwetèk mz accmwetaecp ~zmcgdwzgs% Sbg {as k`vge em edwct`me tzaèèk è zghat`me tm

tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw aed è ~azt`cwhaz emeg {b`cb zghatgd tm accmwets(

iaeakgiget accmwets( emz aep mo tbg smzts mo accmwetèk `sswgs {b`cb {mwhd az`sg è

zgs~gct mo a jmdp {b`cb {as emt o`t omz ~wz~msg jwt {b`cb {as zgcg`vèk oweds và tbg

[mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw%

111% @e add`t`me tm tbg omzgkmèk( tbgzg {as a sgz mws ~zmjhgi czgatgd jp tbg oact tbat iaep

staoo {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed aed è ~azt`cwhaz {`tbè tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw

{gzg me tgi~mzazp cmetzacts% [bge Hmzd Caztgz aed Zmkgz Dza~gz cazz`gd mwt a iass`vg

zgstzwctwzèk( aed staoo zgdwct`me( grgzc`sg è :>>: tbg aeewah zg~mzt emtgd tbat tgi~mzazp

staooèk {as a ~zmjhgi% Tgi~mzazp staoo cmetzacts bad tbg googct mo ialèk tbmsg staoo

igijgzs( gvge ò tbg`z cmetzacts {gzg zgeg{gd ~gz`md`cahhp( emt tm oggh cmeo dget tbat

tbgp {gzg hmek tgzi igijgzs mo tbg mzkae`sat`me%

11:% Tbg cwiwhat`vg googct mo ahh mo tbgsg ogatwzgs {as tbat sge`mz iaeakgiget d`d emt bavg

aotgz Iz Casgp hgot ":>>1)( aed Iz Caz~getgz hgot ":>>3)( a dgta`hgd {mzlèk lem{hgdkg

mo {bat {as kmèk me {`tbè jmtb tbg [mzhd Chass âpigets Jwzgaw aed tbg s~mzts {b`cb

tbgp {gzg iaeakèk tbzmwkb `t% Iz Jazzp Cb`vgzs zgiaègd( wet`h :>>7( tbg hmekgst

staedèk sge`mz igijgz mo staoo {`tbè S~mzt Gekhaed {`tb zgs~mes`j`h`tp omz tbg [mzhd

Chass âpigets Jwzgaw( {`tb a tzmwjhg sbmmtèk zmhg% Jwt è tbg ajsgecg mo ~zm~gz


61/261

BK

zg~mzt ek aed èdwct me tm ècmièk sge`mz grgcwt`vgs( è tbg ajsgecg mo ~zm~gz

èdwct`mes mo igijgzs mo staoo {bm {gzg gi~hmpggs me owhh as m~~msgd tm tgi~mzazp

cmetzacts( tbg spstgi {as ègv`tajhp at z`sl tbat `t {as emt kmèk tm acb`gvg tbg staedazds

{b`cb azg zgqw`zgd omz ae mzkae`sat`me {b`cb `s zgs~mes`jhg omz ~wjh`c imegp%

Zgcmiigedat`mes

113% A sgz`gs mo zgcmiigedat`mes cmig ozmi tbg o edèks {b`cb @ bavg iadg è zgs~gct mo tbg

stzwctwzg mo S~mzt Gekhaed at tbg zghgvaet tìg% Tbg zgcmiigedat`mes azg6

113%1 @t `s èa~~zm~zàtg omz a ~gzsme {bm bmhds zgs~mes`j`h tp omz ètgzeah awd t mz tbg

iaeakgiget mo z`sl aed asswzaecg tm bmhd grgcwt`vg zgs~mes`j`h`tp omz

iaeakgiget mo ~azt mo tbg jwsègss% Tb`s sbmwhd emt mccwz akaè% @ wedgzstaed

ozmi d`scwss`mes {`tb cwzzget sge`mz iaeakgiget tbat `t dmgs emt%

113%: Ahh igijgzs mo staoo ozmi tbg imst sge`mz tm tbg i

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