Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemistry of Life
Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule
Structure
Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule
Water is a polar covalent molecule
Inorganic Compounds–Acids and Bases
Acid—strong acids, pH near 0. Characterized by an abundance of H3O+ (hydronium) ions.
Neutral—pH of 7 (distilled water)
Base—strong bases pH near 14. Characterized by an abundance of OH- (hydroxide) ions.
Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesMonosaccharides—
simple sugars; monomers of
carbohydrates. Common
monosaccharides include glucose,
fructose, and galactose. All have the simple formula
of C6H12O6.
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods that are monosaccharid
es
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods that are monosaccharid
es
Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesDisaccharides—double sugars. Formed from the condensation of two monosaccharides.
Examples include:
Sucrose (table sugar)—glucose + fructose
Lactose (milk sugar)—glucose + galactose
Maltose (malt sugar)—glucose + glucose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods that are disaccharides
—sucrose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods that are disaccharides
—lactose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods that are disaccharides
—maltose
Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesPolysaccharides—complex sugars. Composed of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starch—plant energy storage, polymer of glucose. Forms single line chains of molecules.
Glycogen—animal energy storage (in liver and between muscle fibers), polymer of glucose. Forms branching chains of molecules.
Cellulose—indigestible, dietary fiber for animals. Forms the cell wall of many plant cells.
Chitin—makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide Example
Starch
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide Example
Cellulose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide Example
Glycogen
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide Example
Chitin
Organic Compounds–Lipids
Lipids—include
fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
Organic Compounds–Lipids
Triglyceride
Organic Compounds–ProteinsAmino acids—
monomers of proteins; made of an
organic acid or carboxyl group (COOH), amino
group (NH2), single carbon atom attached to
hydrogen, and an R-group. Each of the
twenty (20) different amino acid differs in the
R-group.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Dipeptides—two amino
acids joined by peptide
bonds.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Polypeptides—three or more amino acids joined
by peptide bonds. All proteins consist of these.
The sequence of amino acids determines the type
of protein. Shapes of protein molecules vary
with the sequence of the amino acids and
determine their properties.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Enzymes—proteins
that act as biological catalysts.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
Made of complex
monomers called
nucleotides
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)—records instructions and transmits them
from generation to generation. Found
primarily in the nucleus of the cell.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
RNA (ribonucleic acid)—reads and
carries out instructions.
Found in nucleus and cytoplasm of
the cell.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
ATP—high energy
compound
