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Innovative Tasks for the Gasinfrastructurein the Future
Dr. Jürgen Lenz, Vice president of DVGWLeoben – 21. September 2012
� vast number of renewable energy sources
� vast number of new applications
� political interference, subsidies
� increasing volatility
� declining demand on the heating market
� fossile energy esp. gas will not be a bottle neck d ue tothe huge volumes of unconventional gas
� new technologies
Structure of energy supply will change:
Page1
Role of gas in the future energy supply system
Power Gas
Coal
Nuclear energy
Renewable energy, wind
Natural gas
Biogas- liquid manure, renewable sources,- biomass, wood
Synthesis Gas(e.g. from coal with CO2-separation)
CO2-separation
Hydrogen
Gas and steam combined cycle plant
Cogeneration of heat and power
Utilisation of electricity energy and heat
Page 2
- ca. 35% of the power will be produced on renewable basi suntil 2020
- i.e. because of the well known availabilities the installe dcapacities of wind and PV-Power will increase up to 150,0 00 MW until 2020
Ambitious expansion until 2020:
Page 3
Actual expansion-plans of the german federal states :installed capacity is twice of the demand capacity
Source: DENA (German Energy Agency)
Value calculated from data of federal states*
Capacity specifications by transmission system operator
Extrapolated value from actual value 2009 and rate of additions for Germany till 2020**
Page 4
Installed capacity of renewable energy (GW) in 2020
Model of injection profile 201? from renewable ener gy in the power grid
- Renewable energy yield a shift from demand to suply driven logistics structure.
- It is not feasible with existing grid structure .
- Therefore the construction of energy storage is urgently necessary .
0
10'000
20'000
30'000
40'000
50'000
60'000
70'000
1 501 1001 1501 2001 2501 3001 3501 4001 4501 5001 5501 6001 6501 7001 7501 8001 8501
PV Wind-Onshore Wind-Offshore
MW
h
Source: Prognos AG
Page 5
� Only when the capacity of the renewable energy is less than the totaldemand, there will exist a chance to switch the capacity inland andabroad
� Storage is unavoidable when the capacity is above the total demand
Expansion of power grid as the solution?
Page 6
Stability of power grid requires a parallel structu re of
Power conversion systems to reduce the load of the power grids
Storage systems
* Re-electrification by
Centralized power stations (gas)
and
Decentralized CHP- and micro CHP-Systems
Page 8
8760 Availabilty in hours per year
Allocation function of production capacity
Load management
Grid extension
Sales curve
Grid capacity
Rectangle =Yearly kilowatt hours
( ) Installed and available capacity of renewables(Wind & PV)
1
2
4
53
1. Power demand
2. Load management comes to contrains
3. Limitation of grid extension
4. Over production: switch off renewable plants
5. Peak shaving = complete use of renewable power
Enhancement of wind power requires huge storage cap acities
Page 9
Crucial is the construction of energy storage. The storage of chemical energy offers the biggest potential
Dis
char
ge ti
me
[h]
CAES: Compressed Air Energy Storage (Druckluftspeicherkraftwerk)PHS: Pumped Hydro Storage (Pumpspeicherwerk)H2, SNG: Hydrogen, Synthetic Natural Gas (Underground storage includes the re-
electrification in combined cycle power plant)
Source: Research Center JülichPage 10
� Well known technology, to optimize economically for the sake of
flexibility
� Built on a few strategic grid positions
� by using exsiting infrastructure, much more economic than power
grid expansion for peak load purpose
� Very huge storage capacity
� Very high efficiency, per re-electrification through power-fed
cogeneration plant with waste heat utilisation
� Eliminates limitations for the expansion of renewable power sources
Electrolysis as the basic technology for hydrogen p roduction from peak wind energy
Page 13
� Use as long as possible in the power grid
� Hydrogen-electrolysis and injection in gas grid(efficiency: ca. 80 %)
� In case of grid limitations (for H 2): methanation
(20 % conversion loss)
� Methanation is an important phase for producingmethane as feedstock, e.g. for chemical industry
Use of renewable power surplus according to the Ex ergy Order
Page 7
Intersection points between the transportation grid s of natural gas and power
Natural gas storage
Gas transportation grid > 60 bar
Power grid 380 kV
Power grid 220 kV
Page 11
� Further development of regulations
o Today with 5% admixture
o For most grid constellations, doubling of the amount is not critical
o Research institutes investigate further possibilities to shift to higher
concentration
� Grid knowledge
o How much hydrogen can be introduced
o At which positions, esp. transit lines
� System knowledge
o How much hydrogen can be stored temporarily for discharging during
the wind-poor phase
For the subject of hydrogen, DVGW brings the best qualifications:
Page 15
� Use of CO2 from coal electricity for methanisation of hydrogen to synthetic methane (synth. gas)
� Injection into gas grid
� CCS becomes redundant
There are further options: coal power plant will b e clean by way of hydrogen technology - CCS becomes redundant!
Page 16
� Investment in electrolysers and accordingly methanisation is a small part
� Operation mode for peak or for continuous (band) production of H2
� Electricity pricing
� Evaluation of storage function
P2G and re-electrification must be considered together
How much does P2G cost?
Page 17
� Combined cycle plant
� Gas turbine power plant
� Decentral cogeneration systems with inteligent waste heat utilisation
Re-electrification by:
Page 18
Political orientation „Meseberg“:
Gas-heating system
Power productionPower + waste heatutilization
Decentralizeelectricity supply
Centralize heat -supply
Power plantCombined heat
and power stationSingle family house
Decentalized CHP systems: higher potential of intel ligentwaste heat utilization
Page 19
� Program for insulation of building will be further developed
� The expense will be up to € 60 billion per year till 2050
� BUT:
o The waste heat are not used with gas power plant
o By decentral cogeneration plants, the waste heat will be used
o Direct correlation to expenses for insulation
Building insulation is the central component of the energy s avingstrategy – with significant costs. The same amount of CO 2 targetcould be achieved by technologies, with low costs
Page 20
Interdependency between waste heat recovery and ins ulation of the buildings
Heating demand in buildings: a leverage effect only appears with existing building
Source: BMVBS 2007
115
180
215235
365
330
370
260225
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Anteil der Wohnfläche
He
izw
ärm
eb
ed
arf
vo
n E
FH i
n k
Wh
/m2a
bis
1
91
8
19
19
-19
48
19
58
- 1
96
8
19
69
- 1
97
7
19
78
- 1
98
3
19
84
-1
99
4
20
02
- 2
00
6
19
95
- 2
00
1
19
49
-19
57
Page 24
Percentage of living space
Heati
ng
dem
an
d o
f sin
gle
fam
ily h
ou
se i
n k
Wh
/m
2a
� Electricity-feed operation mode for adjustment of renewable electricity
sources, integration in smart grid system
� Intelligent waste heat utilisation with substitution of today‘s electrical
utilisations
� Power production with comparable electric efficiency as gas-fired power plant
The result from this are:
Page 26
Storage
Storage
Natural gas
Biogas, H 2
Electricity ExportMotor, Generator
400°C
<100°C
Own use
Cooling energy/Fridge
CoolingWashing maschine
Dish washer
Tap water
Radiator
Electricity-credit
Highest primary energy efficiency, power production tailored to suit the market need
Potential of heat utilisation from cogeneration
Page 27
Fuell Cells
� Change the physical principle
combustion process
with the limitation
of the law of Carnot
electrochemical reaction
without this
limitation
Therefore � high conversion efficiency from gas to power
Page 29
Fuel cell: high efficiecy with SOFC -technology
Page 30
Source: CFCL Heinsberg
AC Export power (w)
The
rmal
pow
er (
W)
Programm for insulation of buildings up to 60 billion Euros p er year
till 2050 as the success of the lobby work of building and insu lation
industry
BUT:ERROR in reasoning:
The waste heat are not used with gas power plant
By decentral cogeneration plants, the waste heat will be use d, and directly
comparable with the expenses for insulation
Page 21
*) Kraftwerk-Mix nach EWI/GWS/Prognos 2010 Source: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -
Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung (IEK-STE), Prof. Hake
Accumulated for Time Duration2010 – 2050
(∆ with respect to trend)
Energy conceptES 0
Innovations-offensive GasIS 0
Innovations-offensive GasIS 3
� Additional investment
-> Heating in existing buildings
-> Heating in new buildings
-> Thermal insulation in existing buildings
-> Thermal insulation in new buildings
� Energy costs
� Benifits from cogeneration credit
� Net additional costs
� CO2 emission (cogeneration credit*)
� Specific abatement cost
187,9 billion €
-/-
-/-
185,3 billion €
2,6 billion €
-113,8 billion €
- 1,4 billion €
75,5 billion €
- 632 mio. tCO2
120 €/tCO2
72,7 billion €
69,3 billion €
3,4 billion. €
-/-
-/-
- 44,1 billion €
25,4 billion €
3,2 billion €
- 555 mio. tCO2
6 €/tCO2
99,7 billion €
69,3 billion €
3,4 billion €
27,0 billion €
-/-
- 54,9 billion €
25,4 billion €
19,4 billion €
- 642 mio. tCO2
30 €/tCO2
Economic potential of gas technologies, II
Page 33
� Gas will play a major role for the overall energy supply system
� Energy supply will be based on power and gas grid
� H2-electrolysis reduces the volatility of power grid and enables a huge storage
capacity in combination with gas grid
� Allows an enhancement of wind power
� Decentralized efficient (micro)-CHP-systems enable the compensation of PV on
DSO-level
� Reduces power demand using waste heat
� Inteligent waste heat utilization optimizes the insulation expenditure on houses
Characteristics of the innovative concept for gas and the gas infrastructure :
Page 36
� P2G:
o Pilot projects, Flex-operation mode, costs degression
o Maximum permissible value of H2
o Optimization of methane synthesis (Sabatier)
� Decentral cogeneration
o optimal cogeneration for building types
o Air conditioning, further substution of electricity applications.
� Architecture smart grid for integration of cogeneration a nd
renewable energy
Future prospects:
Page 37
� Master plan on the basis of dynamic simulation of w ind and
PV for optimal planing of:
o Electricity and gas grids, electrolysis locations,etc
o Required re-electrification capacity
o Cogeneration share estimation
o Waste heat for heating and cooling market estimation
o Assessment of alternative for today‘s electricity application
o Question of: constraints of expansion of wind and PV
Page 38
Future prospects:
Thank you for your attention.
Back up
� Fast increase in efficiency through replacement of oldest boilers in
existing building with highest specific heat demand
� Demand downturn for gas in this sector
� Consideration of removal of gas supply
The consequences are obvious:
Page 1
Convergence of grids on distribution level
� Integrated energy supply system, especially by cogeneration
� Increased use of gas for electricity production
� Gas as flexibility‘s element to balance the fluctuated electricity sources
� The surplus production of electricity is stored at the next voltage level
Page 2
Rule of the game must be defined!
� Cogeneration plants - also smaller plants - achieve the electricity conversion
efficiencies as those of the big plants
� The waste heat can contribute to reduction of insulation expenses by decentral
electricity production especially in existing building
� The results for different types of buildings have been received
Page 3
Gas (natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, synthetic metha ne) is an essential component of the future energy system. The 4 core e lements are:
1. Biogas as based load renewable energy
2. Intake and storage of hydrogen / sythetic methane in gas grid for the
stability of power grid
3. Electrity-fed cogernation with high efficiency for balancing wind energy and
photovoltaics
4. Intelligent use of waste heat from cogeneration to reduce insulation
expenses on buildings and to replace electricity applications in heat
production
Page 4
The injection of fluctuated electricity amount inc reases significantly. This will continue
Page 5
Source: DENA – Vortrag auf dem EVU Gipfel 2010 in Heiligendamm
Wind power supply, December 2009 / January 2010
Hours
Wind power supply max. 20.000 MW, min 270 MW
Win
d en
ergy
in M
W
Page 6
Future prospects:
� Master plan on the basis of dynamic simulation of w ind and
PV for optimal planing of:
o Electricity and gas grids, electrolysers‘ locations,etc
o Required re-electrification capacity
o Cogenration share estimation
o Waste heat for heating and cooling market estimation
o Assessment of alternative for today‘s electricity application
o Question of: constraints of expansion of wind and PV
� electrical heat pump with increasing higher renewable share and electrical
efficiency of combined cycle power plant
+ heat from Environment
� Cogeneration plants with high electricity conversion
+ intelligent waste heat utilisation + renewable share i n feedstock
Challenge of the system:
Page 7
Intake capacity of natural gas grid for hydrogen – s ome assumptions
� Ca. 1000 TWh energy was distributed through natural gas grid in year 2010
(electrivity grid ca. 580 TWh)
� Intake capacity of natural gas grid for different scenari os:
1) 100% of wind energy production of year 2009 would be added to the natural gas
grid, average hydrogen percentage is 7,8 Vol.-%
2) 20 % of wind energy production from IEKP (Integrate Energy and Climate
Programe) target 2020 (ca. 15 TWh/a) as the accepted surplus electricity would
be added in natural gas grid, average hydrogen percentage of 4 Vol.-%
Page 14
The structure of energy demand in households is (st ill) strongly characterised by heat demand
78%
2%
9%
2%
2% 1%1%
5% Raumwärme
Beleuchtung
Elektrogeräte
IuK-Geräte
Kraft
Sonstige
Warmwasser
Kochen
Quelle: Prognos 2007Source: Prognos AG 2007
Page 22
The updating of legal guidelines indicates a furthe r drop of energy demand in buildings
Source: BEE 2009
Page 23
WSVO: Wärmeschutzverordnung (Thermal Insulation Directive)EnEV: Energieeinsparverordnung (Energy Saving Directive )
Exi
stin
g B
uild
ings
� Electrical heat pumps become more interesting with renewab leenergy share and better electrical efficiency in power pr oduction
The solution is:
Cogeneration with high electrical efficiency PLUS intelligent waste heat utilisaitonPLUS renewable components in feedstock
The challenge of the systems has increased. Gas mus t find its new position there
Page 25
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Pel. in kW
Eta
el.
in %
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Pel. in kW
Eta
el.
in %
Erdgas, Magermotor
Erdgas, 3 Wege-Kat
Dieselmotor
Electrical efficiency of combined heat and power pl ants
Potential:Future natural gas-combined heat andpower generation plant will reachapproximately the electrical efficiency oftoday‘s diesel plants.
(Source: Manufacture data)
Today‘s situation
Page 28
Gas cleaning
Airblower
Power Management
System
Fuel Cell Module
Water treatment
FlueIncluding waste heat recovery
Example: SOFC technology in 2kW -rangeUpdate by simplification
Srouce: CFCL Heinsberg
Page 31
Integration of renewable energy in our energy suppl y can only succeed by way of a systematic approach!
Macro level: primary energy, usage paths
Grid level: Smart grids
Heat market, Heating and cooling: Heat- and system-
integration
Page 34
� Active part for balancing of energy supply of a region (Dispa tching
Center)
� Multi-loop control system
� Cogeneration with electricity-feed and good modulation re places part
of the otherwise required electricity storage
� Virtual power plant
The networking of different sub areas of energy su pply will be realized by smart gas grid
Page 35
Intake capacity of natural gas grid for hydrogen – s ome assumptions
� Ca. 1000 TWh energy was distributed through natural gas grid in year 2010
(electrivity grid ca. 580 TWh)
� Intake capacity of natural gas grid for different scenari os:
1) 100% of wind energy production of year 2009 would be added to the natural gas
grid, average hydrogen percentage is 7,8 Vol.-%
2) 20 % of wind energy production from IEKP (Integrate Energy and Climate
Programe) target 2020 (ca. 15 TWh/a) as the accepted surplus electricity would
be added in natural gas grid, average hydrogen percentage of 4 Vol.-%
Page 14
Research center has developed a scenario with incre ased use of
cogenration but without optimized waste heat utilisa tion
Insulation thickness were investigated for differen t building types
corresponding with cogeneration-waste heat utilisat ion by Modelika
Optimization: insulation investment vs. system engin eering
Page 32
