SANITATION SITUATION IN WAI AND SINNAR

Sanitation challenges in Wai and Sinnar

Wai and Sinnar are two small towns in the state of Maharashtra, India, with 7,580 and 13,112

households respectively

SANITATION PLANNING SUPPORT TO GOVERNMNET

Innovative financing mechanisms for

citywide sanitationM. Mehta *, D. Mehta **, U. Yadav***, J.Jaiswal****, D. Sheth*****,R. Tavkar******

CWAS, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, India,

*meeramehta@cept.ac.in, ** dineshmehta@cept.ac.in, ***upasana.yadav@cept.ac.in, **** jigisha.jaiwal@cept.ac.in ,***** dhwani.shah@cept.ac.in, ******rucha.tavkar@cept.ac.in

inspiring change www.iwahq.org

C-WAS at CEPT University is established to focus

on improving water and sanitation services in India.

Technical support for

sustainable sanitation solution in

small and medium towns in

Maharashtra, India since 2013

Lessons from city level actions to

State and National level

Partner to State Government of Maharashtra for implementation

of Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) in Maharashtra

1 Action-research 2City support

3State support for Swachh Bharat Mission

CEPT model cities

Result: Wai and Sinnar became Open Defecation Free (ODF) with >80% HHs having individual toilets.

Recently Wai and Sinnar has become ODF++

Citizens were not having toilets because of lack of space and fund availability.

2. To make citizens aware about the scheme and also to meet the financial demand - city officials with

CEPT’s support have conducted various awareness generation activities through stakeholder consultation

and community participation and also have guided citizens to take sanitation loans- Continuous process

WAI

SINNAR

No

treatment

facility

Dumped at

solid waste site

Into river or

natural drain

Effluent water

flowing through

open/closed drains.

Irregular emptying

by emptier truck

Septage

Waste

water

Open

Defecation

and High

dependence

on community

toilets

• High emptying

cost

• Not enough

awareness about

regular emptying

Access Collection Conveyance TreatmentDisposal/

Reuse

Performance linked annuity model (PLAM) for engaging private operators

in scheduled desludging services2

All properties

in city

Desludging

company

Local

government

Desludging service once in 3 years

Monthly payment as per

performance based contract

Bank

Escrow

account

Sanitation / property tax

Deliver sludge

to treatment

facility

Capital

costs

O&M

costs

Operational success in Wai – Sinnar

• 800+ scheduled emptying

• Rate of 56 septic tanks per month as compared to

last year’s 7-8 per month

• 88% acceptance rate from HHs for scheduled service

• Eliminated manual scavenging

Sanitation technology

providers

Sanitation ware providers

Financial Lending

Institutions

Residents and students

1. Announcement of 'Own Toilet/ Group Toilet Scheme’ in Wai and Sinnar

Enabling sanitation credit

Through toilet subsidy offered by city + through Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission

Susbidy : INR 4,000 +

Swachh Maharashtra Abhiyan

Susbidy : INR 8,000 =

Total = INR 22,000

Launch of Swachh

Bharat Mission

Launch of Swachh

Maharashtra Missionsubsidy of :

Rs10,000

subsidy of :

Rs5,000 -10,000

SINNARWAI

Toilet incentive grant and sanitation loans for construction of household toilets1

Wai Sinnar

Individual

toilets

Community

toilets

Open

defecation2%

Access to types of sanitation

facility (No. of HH)

Household Level Awareness for

Group Toilet Scheme in Wai

Capacity Building of Council’s

staff and toilet contractors

1

3

2

Distributing Handouts

Awareness generation activities

• Day and night announcement in rickshaws

• Community level and Ward level meetings

• Movies and Jingles

• SHG meeting

• Toilet and lender fair

4 To achieve universal

access to individual

toilets households of

Wai and Sinnar are

guided to take

“sanitation loans”

along with

commercial banks

and self-help groups

1 Lack of ULB capacity to

implement scheduled desludging

2 Private sector involvement

• Economics of Scale encourages

private operator to get involved

• Hired private operator through

transparent bidding process wherein

Private operator need to bring in trucks

and manpower

3 Finance through Sanitation Tax

• Tax collected as part of their property

tax through a sanitation tax paid

annually.

• Households paying small sanitation

tax to finance operations instead of

high emptying charges

4 Risk coverage through Escrow

Mechanism

• Local government is supposed to keep 3

month payment in the account to mitigate

private operator’s payment risk.

Risk coverage through performance linked

Payment

• Payment on the bases of bills produced for septic tanks

emptied by private operators per month.

5

Funding issues were addressed through subsidy and space issue were addressed through group toilets

Crowd funding for upgrading school toilets4

Result: Sinnar Council decided to take up the responsibility for O&M of the toilet facilities of all

the public schools using child and women welfare funds.

https://www.youtube.co

m/watch?v=NF7xzLFnN

qc

To provide access to toilets to students of

Sinnar, CEPT with Milaap platform decided to

crowd fund the toilet.

Toilet condition: Before After

• State resolution- local bodies should use

50% 14th Finance Commission grants for

sanitation-Sinnar has built FSTP using it

• Swachhata Kosh–part of Swachch Bharat

Mission- Sinnar has formed a committee

Mobilizing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds3

HSBC is contributing via CSR funds

to help Sinnar to sustain the ODF

status and to move toward ODF++

Ongoing

Projects

Results Based Grant Model

Scale of

Impact

Measurement

of Outcomes

Timeframe

for outcomesOperational Feacal sludge

treatment plant(FSTP)

OD Spot and SWM

dumpsite development

Sinnar: FSTP

Landscaping

Need for identifying innovative financing mechanisms

• Lack of ULB capacity; Technical and financial capacity

• To reduce financial and technical burden on ULB by..

o Involving private operators in feacal sludge septage

management service provision

o Leveraging private financing options for public services

• To improve financial viability of these services, while ensuring

citywide coverage and affordable prices for services

• To enhance the quality of investments in the implementation of

the sanitation programmes led by the urban local body,

INNOVATIVE FINANCING OPTIONS

Other financing mechanisms5

Project Conceptualizer

• Assessment of school toilets and identifying infrastructure gaps and investment requirement

Crowd funding platform : Milaap:

• Bring together the project conceptualizer and the crowd

Raised 4.28 lakhs from 70 donors in just two months

Support Toilets for children in Zapwadi School

Formed a committee for efficient use of funds

Urban forest PPP for public toilet River development Grey water management

Emerging experience of innovative financing in

Wai and Sinnar can be scaled up to other 4000

small and medium cities (~40% of India’s

population), of India and emerging economies

like India.

Way forward

CWAS-CEPT University partnered with Wai Municipal Council and Sinnar Municipal Council to implement innovative financing mechanisms for citywide faecal sludge and septage management services with the support of government of Maharashtra.

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2015). The City Sanitation Plan (CSP) Wai municipal council

Retrieved from https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/CSP_Wai_full%20report.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2015). The City Sanitation Plan (CSP) Sinnar municipal

council Retrieved from https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/CSP_Sinnar_full_report.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2015). Support to cities in achieving ODF status Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/Support%20to%20cities%20to%20develop%20and%

20implement%20demand-based%20scheme%20for%20'own%20toilets'.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2015). School sanitation in small towns assessment and

investment requirement in Wai Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/School%20sanitation%20Wai.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2015). School sanitation in small towns assessment and

investment requirement in Sinnar Retrieved from

ttps://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/School%20sanitation%20Sinnar.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2016). Awareness generation initatives under

Swachh bharat mission (SBM) for Wai & sinnar cities in Maharashtra Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/Swachh%20Maharashtra%20Mission%20for%20Urba

n%20Areas_SMMUA%20for%20Wai%20and%20Sinnar.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2017). Model Tender Document For DBOT project for FSTP

Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/Model_bid_document_for_Emptying_CEPT.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2016). Crowd funding for Sanitation Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/Crowdfunding%20for%20Sanitation.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2017). Assessing Demand for Sanitation credit in Sinnar city

Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/ResourcesFiles/pdfs/Sinnar%20Sanitation%20Survey%2020Toilet%20construc

tion,%20usage,%20and%20SBM%20subsidy.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2017). Enhancing the Supply of Sanitation Credit in

Maharashtra :Existing Arrangements and Emerging Options Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/UrbanSanitation/uploads/Enhancing%20the%20Supply%20of%20Sanitation%2

0Credit%20in%20Maharashtra%2020Existing%20Arrangements%20and%20Emerging%20Options.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2016). Assessing Credit Options for Household Sanitation in

Urban Areas Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/ResourcesFiles/pdfs/Assessing%20Credit%20Options%20for%20Household%

20Sanitation%20in%20Urban%20areas.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2018). Mobilizing sanitation credit through urban SHGs a Case

of MAVIM, Maharashtra Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/ResourcesFiles/pdfs/Mobilizing%20sanitation%20credit%20through%20urban

%20SHGs%20-%20A%20case%20of%20MAVIM,%20Maharashtra_12%20Dec%2018.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2019). Performance based Contracts for Private Sector in

FSSM services in Maharashtra, India: Presentation at FSM5 Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/ResourcesFiles/Performance%20based%20Contracts%20for%20Private%20S

ector%20in%20FSSM_CEPT_FSM5.pdf

Center for water and sanitation-CEPT University. (2019). Perspective of a Desludging Enterprise on Performance

Based Contract in Maharashtra, India: Presentation at FSM5 Retrieved from

https://pas.org.in/Portal/document/ResourcesFiles/Perspective%20of%20a%20private%20desludging%20enterpri

se%20for%20scheduled%20emptying_CEPT_FSM5.pdf

USAID (2017) State of Urban Water and Sanitation in India – USAID.TERI

Picture courtesy: All the images are captured by C-WAS,CEPT university