Innovative component technology to

support the mission of Advanced

Land Observing Satellite-2

Oct. 24th. 2014

Hideki SARUWATARI

ALOS-2 Project Team, JAXA

The 27th Microelectronics Workshop（MEWS27）

Today’s contents

1. Outline of ALOS-2 Mission and System

2. Innovative component technology to

support ALOS-2

3. System Initial Checkout Status

4. Summary

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1. Outline of ALOS-2 Mission and System

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4

About ALOS

高性能可視近赤外放射計２型（AVNIR-2）

ﾊﾟﾝｸﾛﾏﾁｯｸ立体視ｾﾝｻ（PRISM）

ﾌｪｰｽﾞﾄﾞｱﾚｲ方式

Lﾊﾞﾝﾄﾞ合成開口ﾚｰﾀﾞ（PALSAR

）

データ中継衛星通信部（DRC）恒星センサ（STT）

GPSアンテナ・Observable range：870km

・revisit cycle ：5 days

・Disaster monitoring

・Crustal movement

・Resource survey

PALSAR

・ Observable range ：70km

・High resolution: 2.5ｍ

•highly accurate digital

surface model(DSM)

・Cartography

PRISM

・ Observable range ：1,520 km

・ revisit cycle ：3 days

・Regional Observation

AVNIR-2

Solar Paddle

AVNIR-2PRISM

PALSAR

Data Relay and CommunicationStar Tracker

GPS antenna

ALOS Characteristics Launch Date ： Jan. 24, 2006

Spacecraft Mass ： Approx. 4 tons

Generated Power ： Approx. 7 kW (at End of Life)

Design Life ： 3 - 5 years

Orbit ： Sun-Synchronous Sub-Recurrent

Altitude ： 691.65km

Inclination ： 98.16ﾟPeriod ： 98.7minutes

Repeat Cycle ： 46days（Sub Cycle 2days）Local time at descending node ：

10:30am±15minutes

ALOS-2

PALSAR-2

ALOS-2 Mission• Disaster Monitoring (Secure the public safety)

– Fast access to damaged areas and continuous monitoring

– In-SAR data necessary for deformation forecast/monitoring

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• Land Monitoring (Preserve and manage national land)

– based upon archived data

• Agricultural Monitoring (Facilitate food supply)

– necessary for evaluation of irrigated rice

• Natural Resource Exploration (Facilitate natural resources and energy supply)

– necessary for detecting oil and mineral resources in the ground

and seabed

• Global Forest Monitoring (Resolve global-level environmental issues)

– global monitoring of tropical rain forests to identify carbon

sinks

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Improvement from ALOS

ALOS ALOS-2

Recurrent cycle 46 days 14 days

Observable

range870km

(Right looking)

2320km (Left & Right looking)

Spatial

Resolution10m (Stripmap)

1-3m (Spotlight),

3m/6m/10m(Stripmap)

Downlink138Mbps (X-band)

& Data Relay Satellite

800Mbps (X-band)

& Data Relay Satellite

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L-band SAR antenna X-band downlink antenna

Solar Arrays

Data relay antenna

ALOS-2ALOS-2 in-orbit configuration

XY

Z

Specification

L-band SAR

(PALSAR-2)

Stripmap:

3 to 10m res., 50 to 70km swath

ScanSAR:

100m res., 350km/490km swath

Spotlight:

1×3m res., 25km swath

Orbit

Sun-synchronous orbit

Altitude: 628km

Local sun time : 12:00 +/- 15min

Revisit: 14days

Life time 5 years (target: 7 years)

Mass 2,082kg (incl. fuel)

Power

Generated Power : 5140W(EOL)

Battery Capacity : 200Ah(100Ah x 2)

Battery Type : Li-ion

Observation

Duty50%(approx. 48min)

Downlink

X-band: 800Mbps(16QAM)

400/200Mbps(QPSK)

Ka-band: 278Mbps (QPSK)

Mission Data

Storage

Capacity : 128GByte(EOL)

(G = 2^30)

2. Innovative component technology

to support ALOS-2

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Key technologies

“Development Status of JAXA Point-Of-Load DC/DC converter”, 22nd MEWS, 2009

“Current status of MPU development for space”, 22nd MEWS, 2009

Key technologies:

•GaN HEMT

•CGA mounging technology

•High Speed SerDes (Gigabits class)

Important component technolgies:

•HR5000S

•POL (Point-Of-Load)

PALSAR-2 needs huge

performance improvement

• PALSAR-2 antenna has 1080 radiating elements

fed by 180 Transmit/Receive Modules (TRMs).

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GaN HEMT for TRMs

• The TRM has high efficiency and high power

performance by using Gallium Nitride (GaN) High

Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT).

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GaN

H pol

V pol

ALOS-2 PALSAR

HPA GaN HEMT Si BJT

Tx power 34W 25W

Units 180 80

Efficiency 35％ 25％

Noise Figure 2.9dB 2.9dB

TRM

size[mm]

200×110×14.6 203×117×23.5

TRM weight 400g 675g

“The overview of the L-band SAR onboard ALOS-2”, 27th ISTS, 2009

“High Power L-band T/R Module utilizing GaN HEMT”, 24th MEWS, 2011

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800 Mbps

max

PALSAR-2

ELU

Other

components

X-band Multi-

mode High-

speed

Modulator

(XMOD)

KMOD

Data

recorder

(MDP)

800/400/200

Mbps

277 Mbps

PALSAR-2

antenna

X-band

downlink

antenna

transponder

Data rely

antenna

transponder

High performance mission data

handling system is necessary

Serializer /

Deserializer

MOD FPGA

(CGA package)

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MOD FPGA for high speed data transmission

＜Bottom View of the CGA package＞

33mm

33m

m

“Development of an X-band Multi-mode High speed Modulato”, ISTS 2011

• High speed SRAM-type FPGA was adopted for

base band modulation (MOD FPGA).

• MOD FPGA is CGA (Column Grid Array) package

type which JAXA first adopted.

– Low CTE PWB (Copper Invar Copper) was adopted

– Mounting , inspection process was established

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High speed Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes)

MDP XMOD

K-code 8ch

Data

Max 8 Para

(800Mbps)

Data

Max 8 Para

(800Mbps)

CLK

100MHｚ

DeserializerSerializer

CLK 100MHｚ

＜Interface between MDHS and XMOD＞

“Development of an X-band Multi-mode High speed Modulato”, ISTS 2011

• High speed SerDes was adopted for interface

between MDP and XMOD.

• JAXA adopted SerDes device for the first time.

– radiation sensitivity was evaluated

– transmission performance was tested

3. Summary of Initial Operation Results

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ALOS-2 was successfully launched by

the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No.24 on

Saturday May 24th, 2014 (Japan

Standard Time, JST) from the

Tanegashima Space Center.

Launch Operation of ALOS-2

Satellite

/ PAF Installation

Satellite

/Fairing Installation

Fairing

/Rocket connection Launch

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27th May, 2014,the early orbit phase so-called “critical phase” of

ALOS-2 had completed.

Critical Phase Operation

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Mission Structure

PALSAR-2 No.3 antenna

The stowed antenna panels

were released from mission

structure by pyrotechnics

firing.

the eyesight of deployment camera

PALSAR-2 Antenna Deployment

-Package deployment-

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No.3 antenna

Mission Structure

No.4 antenna

No.5 antenna

No.2 antenna

No.1 antenna

PALSAR-2 Antenna Deployment

-Wing deployment-

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No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5

Initial checkout of ALOS-2 was completed.PALSAR-2 performanceGPS Receiver, Reaction Wheel, Star TrackerSAP power generation, Bus power controlX-band antenna and Data relay antenna pointingData downlink by X-band

QPSK(200Mbps/400Mbps）, 16QAM(800Mbps)Data Relay communication via DRTS by Ka-band

QPSK(278Mbps)

Initial Checkout of ALOS-2

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4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

△ △ △Launch

PALSAR-2 Check out

Calibraton

PALSAR-2First image

Bus　Check out

Product publication

2014

Now!

The first image of ALOS-2

(June 20th, 2014)

Mt.Fuji: Ultra-Fine mode (res.3m, Off nadir 40.6 deg)

: Red HH, Green HV, Blue HH/HV 21

Urayasu image by: JERS-1 / PALSAR / PALSAR-2

JERS-1

Resolution :18 m PALSAR

Resolution :10 m

PALSAR-2

Resolution :3 m

Remarkable improvement on PALSAR-2

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Jumeirah Village Circle, Dubai (1/2)

Remarkable improvement on PALSAR-2

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Remarkable improvement on PALSAR-2

Jumeirah Village Circle, Dubai (2/2)

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Disaster monitoring application

ALOS-2 emergency observation images of Mt.Ontake

2014/09/28 12:45(JST) 2014/08/18 23:58(JST)

After eruption Before eruption

A basin was observed

after eruption

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PALSAR-2’s high duty observation capability, which is realized by the GaN HEMT, was confirmed during initial checkout.

High duty observation

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Satellite Freqency Band

Continuous

Observation

Time

ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 L48 minutes

(50% duty)

TerraSAR-X X 3 minutes

CosmoSkyMed X 10 minutes

RADARSAT2 C 15 minutes

High rate mission data downlink capability was confirmed during initial checkout.Measured constellations of XMOD’s three mode

shows mission data can be transferred to ground stations without any problem.

Data rate of 800Mbps for X-band is the world’s highest level in the single carrier modulation system.

High rate mission data downlink

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Constellation for X-band transmission

800Mbps(16QAM) 400Mbps(QPSK) 200Mbps(QPSK)

4. Summary

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ALOS-2 succeeds to ALOS’s mission with

enhanced capabilities.

ALOS-2 was successfuly launched on 24th,

May 2014 and the initial checkout was

completed. The checkout results shows

ALOS-2’s remarkable performances.

The initial Cal./Val. phase is on-going.

PALSAR-2 products will be released at the end

of November.

ALOS-2’s remarkable performances are

supported by innovative component

technologies.

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Summary

人間に、健康診断があるように。地球には、だいち２号がある。

感覚だけでは決してわからない、小さな数値の異常を健康診断が教えてくれるように。宇宙から地球を精密検査して、地上にいてはわからない、大地や海の変化を送り続ける。それが、だいち２号のミッションです。

私たちの足下で、大地は今日も動き、変化しています。地震、火山噴火、土砂崩れ。災害だけではなく人の手による自然破壊も原因。地球の健康を維持するために、宇宙から精密に診断する。それは未来の、私たちの子孫のためにも、必要なことなのです。

大地にも精密検査が必要だ

3030

The Earth needs a health check