Innovations in Sustainability PPP W&C FiWomen & Cocoa ......Women perform 66 % of the world’s work, produce 50% of the food, but onlywork, produce 50% of the food, but only ... •

Innovations in Sustainability PPP

W & C F iWomen & Cocoa Farming:“Bridging The Gap”g g p

What happened?

• M.D.G.3 • V.I.P.

M I P• M.I.P.• M.O.M..O. .

Women Play Key Role:

• Finance & bankability y• Family, Water & Health

F d S i & N i i• Food Security & Nutrition• Educationduca o• Rural Development

Gender equality produces a double dividend:dividend:

It benefits both women and children

UN SourcesUN ‐ Sources

A mother’s education is strongly linked to her children’s health and educationto her childrens health and education prospects.


Women perform 66 % of the world’s work, produce 50% of the food, but onlywork, produce 50% of the food, but only manage 10% of the income and only

1% f th town 1% of the property……


Cocoa specific findings:Cocoa specific findings:

Wives of cocoa farmers are regularly involved in 12 of the 19 key stages ininvolved in 12 of the 19 key stages in cocoa production

BMGF gender case study in CDIBMGF gender case study in CDI

Lead role in tending the young cocoa treestrees

Lead role in performing post-harvest activitiesactivities


Yet in general men take over control of production and income when cash cropsproduction and income when cash crops enter higher-value export market


G tti t k f l Getting to know female cocoa farmerscocoa farmersAnna Laven, senior advisor sustainable economic developmentNoortje Verhart senior advisor social development and gender Noortje Verhart, senior advisor social development and gender equity

S t i bilit i th tSustainability in the cocoa sector

• Serious commitment towards sustainable cocoa• Serious commitment towards sustainable cocoa

• Direct linkages with cocoa farmers

• Providing package of services towards large numbers of g p g g

cocoa farmers: GAP, business training, inputs and credit

• Goals are related to increased productivity levels and higher

income (prosperity)

• Other objectives: sustainable livelihood, food security, better

i i ( ll b i )nutrition (well-being)

Amsterdam, The Netherlands www.kit.nl

Gender breakdown of ownership and labor f pin West- Africa cocoa farming households

Men

Women

By farm ownership

By cocoa farming

labor

By food crop labor


Source: CLP survey; Empowering Women and Fighting Poverty: Cocoa and Land Rights in West Africa: International Food and Policy Research Institute; Dalberg analysis

What does this result in?

• Limited access to land

What does this result in?

• Limited access to markets

• Limited access to training and inputs

• Limited access to credit facilities• Limited access to credit facilities

• Limited access to cooperative membership and decision-

making bodiesg


Circle of exclusionCircle of exclusion

• Current interventions aimed at sustainability in the cocoa sector do not always address this problem of unequal sector do not always address this problem of unequal access.

• Risk: Majority of women who are significantly involved in • Risk: Majority of women who are significantly involved in cocoa farming are not reached out in current sustainability programs and initiatives

• Is this efficient? • Is it fair?• Is it sustainable? Is it sustainable?


i hHow to improve outreach to women?

1. Acknowledge and 1. Acknowledge and understand differences between men and women

2. Acknowledge and understand differences understand differences among women

3. Understand different challenges these women are facing

4 Adapt interventions 4. Adapt interventions


F l f i W t Af iFemale cocoa farmers in West Africa

Ama is the head of the householdAma is the head of the household, living on her farm with three children to take care of. She hires labour, makes the farm decisions and receives direct

Ama

the farm decisions and receives direct income from cocoa

Nora lives on a family cocoa farm. Three years ago she asked her husband for a piece of landago she asked her husband for a piece of land, and now she farms a small plot of cocoa herself, next to working with her husband.

Nora

Rosa lives on a family cocoa farm. She works on the family farm five days a week from 08.00 am to 03.00 pm. Next to cocoa she farms other crops.

R

03.00 pm. Next to cocoa she farms other crops. Her husband makes the decisions on the farm and when cocoa is sold, she only gets some money if her husband is willing to give her a small part of

Rosag g p

the revenue

Destiny is a young woman of 16 years old. She grew up on a cocoa farm. She helps her parents on the farm and does chores around the house. She went to secondary school and she is dreaming of a white-collar job. Destiny

Adapt interventions & learning• Farmers come first! Make sure you know them!y

• Gender equality and gender equity

• Address knowledge gaps

• Enhance learning


L i iLearning questions• How does gender equality and equity affect productivity and

quality of cocoa production? How does this contribute to a quality of cocoa production? How does this contribute to a healthy cocoa farm and to rural development?

• What are opportunity costs for women to become more • What are opportunity costs for women to become more involved in cocoa? And what are the opportunity costs of not involving them?

• What are innovations and (best) practices? How can we promote and upscale them?

• What kind of service delivery model works both for men and for women?

• How do female cocoa farmers define empowerment?

Th C V l Ch i iThe Cocoa Value Chain in Honduras: a closer look on

gender at the production linkgender at the production link

Presented by Iván Rodríguez

At 22nd PARTNERSHIP MEETING & ROUNDTABLE SESSIONS

Presented by Iván Rodríguez

At 22nd PARTNERSHIP MEETING & ROUNDTABLE SESSIONSAt 22nd PARTNERSHIP MEETING & ROUNDTABLE SESSIONS

• Zurich, October 25th 2012

At 22nd PARTNERSHIP MEETING & ROUNDTABLE SESSIONS

• Zurich, October 25th 2012

Overview

Swisscontact’s work in Honduran Agricultural SectorSwisscontact s work in Honduran Agricultural Sector

General context: Honduran Gender Inequality

Gender in the Cocoa Value Chain ‐ Participation by sex ‐ Access to Factors influencing Productivity

(disaggregated by sex)‐ Example of interventions to overcome gender constraints

Challenges

Swisscontact’s work in the Honduran Agricultural Sector

The Pymerural Program (2008‐2014?):

SDC Founded + IADB + EC

Honduras + Nicaragua CHF 14.4 Mio

12 V l Ch i f th i C (CVC)12 Value Chains, one of them is Cocoa (CVC)

Interventions in Cocoa VC (2009‐ to date) = CHF 392,000

– Nationwide: strategic coordination for CVC development, supporting Ministry of Agriculture to work with NGOs and Private Sector

– Geographically concentrated projects: productivity improvements, postharvest, value‐added, access to finance, business and organizational management

General Context: Gender Inequality Index Across Cocoa Producer and Importer Countries

BelgiumFrance

GermanySwitzerlandNetherlands In Honduras:

Gender Inequality Index 0.511 (105/146 countries)W 51 5 % f t t l l ti (49 8 % i l )

ChinaUnited Kingdom

CanadaItaly

JapanBelgium Women = 51.5 % of total population (49.8 % in rural )

18% of parliamentary seats32% vs 37% of men, have reached secondary education40% vs 80% of men, participation in labor market

MexicoVenezuela …Philippines

PeruUnited States

Malaysia 11.3 % in agricultural labor sectorLand tenure is 27.6 %

IndonesiaColombiaDominican …

EcuadorBrazil

Mexico

0.511

CameroonGhana

Tanzania …Uganda

HondurasNicaragua

0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700

Côte d'IvoireCameroon

3,500

Cocoa Value Chain in Honduras, participation by sex, source: Pymerural –Swisscontact

Nurseries Production Collection Fermentation Selection + qualitycontrol Export

2,910 3,000

38

20

25

30

35

40 14%6’700

2 000

2,500

rson

s

13

03 4

04 4

0

5

0

5

10

15

20

Collection + Classification Exporter Interediaries Chocolate

86%

1,594

1,500

2,000

Num

ber of Per Fermentingp

(Producer Association)

Production

449

815 1,000

N

449

232 179 281

186

‐

500

Nurseries employees Producer Associations Membership

Production Production Employees

Value Chain Function

Production

Access to Factors and their influence on Productivity (disaggregated by sex)Increase AccessEnhance effectiveness

450Increase Access and Affordability

Enhance effectiveness and outreach

237

388

212 220263

200

250

300

350

400

ivity (Kg/Ha)

100%

28115%

208 Kg/Ha

150 150125

0

50

100

150

200

No Yes No YesProd

ucti

58%

67% 69%70%

80%

90%No Yes No Yes

Organic Fertilizers? Hire Labor?

52%58%

51%45%

40%

50%

60%

Cocoa

1’59485%

250 Kg/Ha

11% 12%10% 12%10%

20%

30%

Cocoa Producers

Womenaccess

0%

0%

Organized? Technical Assistance?

Access to Credit Organic Fertilizers?

Hire Labor?

access to land

Cash flow dependency on Cocoa and Productivity, Honduras 2011

400

250

300

350

Kg/H

a)

100

150

200

250

oductivity (K

0

50

100

<30% 30% 50% ±100%

Pro

<30% 30% 50% ±100%Cash flow dependency on Cocoa

Example of intervention to overcome gender constraints… Access to Land & Access to Credit

Access to Land and access to Credit

Water Management

Donor

gInstitutions

(PES)

Financial Provider

Assigning Municipal Land in Deforested watersheds

Trust Fund Managed by Financial Services

Municipality International buyer

Privileging access for single mothers

Services Provider

Working capitalPrivileging access for Women

Hire Labor Organic Fertilizers

Honduran Cocoa Value Chain… Key Challenges in the production link

• Effectiveness of Technical Assistance

• Quick access to assets to increase productivityQuick access to assets to increase productivity in a profitable way to support lower prices

• Cash flow dependency on cocoa productivity• Cash flow dependency on cocoa, productivity gaps and diversification

B i M d l C lid i i h b• Business Model Consolidation with buyers

• Design interventions to reduce gender gaps (at farm and household level) … multidisciplinary approach

! TinKi Pali !! TinKi Pali !

Documents

Innovations in Sustainability PPP W&C FiWomen & Cocoa ......Women perform 66 % of the world’s work, produce 50% of the food, but onlywork, produce 50% of the food, but only ... •