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Dr. Víctor M. VillalobosDirector General, IICAFebruary, 2017Rome
Innovation for a competitive, resilient
and inclusive agriculture in the
Americas:THE ROLE OF IICA
Purpose
• Highlight the main challenges of agriculture in the Americas.
• Share information regarding current state of innovation in the Americas.
• Confirm IICA´s commitment to advance a hemispheric agenda in innovation for a competitive, sustainable and inclusive agriculture.
• Motivate the dialogue to find “innovative” ways to trigger sustainable innovation processes in the Americas.
• Organization of Inter-American system specialized in agriculture.
• Stablished on October 7th, 1942.
• 35 Member States in the Americas.
• Headquarters in Costa Rica.
Southern region
What is IICA?
Source: The Economist.
AGRICULTURE IN THE AMERICAS: FOOD SURPLUSES AND DEFICITS
• LAC exports: over 60 % soybeans, 44% beef, 42 % poultry, 17 % pork and 33 % of maize.
• Heterogeneity: Highly differentiated sub regions: Southern Cone, Andes, CA and Caribbean
• Family agriculture: 17 millions units, 80% all farms, 35% cultivated land, 40% production, 64% rural employment
Agriculture in LAC
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Gross Domestic Product and Agricultural Value Added (Index 2002-2004=100)
GDP
AVA
Source: IICA (CAESPA) with data from World Bank (WDI).
AGRICULTURE IN THE AMERICAS: LAC WILL PLAY A KEY ROLE IN GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLIES
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
El Salvador
Haiti
Dominican Rep.
Cuba
Peru
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Mexico
Ecuador
Honduras
Panama
Chile
Guyana
Colombia
Nicaragua
Brazil
Argentina
Paraguay
Venezuela
Belize
Bolivia
Uruguay
LAC: yield gap and availability of uncultivated land
Achieved percentage of potential yields Ration of cultivated to total suitable area
Source: World Bank, 2011.
Source: Fuglie, Keith O.(2016).
AGRICULTURE IN THE AMERICAS: AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
-2.7-1.5
-0.30.80.9
1.11.11.1
1.51.51.61.61.7
2.02.0
2.22.3
2.52.92.93.03.13.2
3.53.9
4.3
BeliceTrinidad and Tobago
CubaColombia
HaitiPanamáEcuador
ArgentinaBahamas
Costa RicaMexicoBolivia
UruguayHonduras
El SalvadorVenezuela
GuyanaJamaica
PeruChileBrazil
ParaguayGuatemala
Dominican Rep.SurinameNicaragua
Agricultural total factor productivity growth; 2004-2013
Source: IICA (CAESPA) with data from UN (DESA), World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision.
More developed
regions
Less developed regions
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
2030
2034
2038
2042
2046
2050
World Population Prospects, bn
1.2
1.7
2.5
4.4
4.9
5.3
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
2015
2030
2050
World population by geographic region, bn
Africa
Asia
Europe
LAC
Northern America
Oceania
9.7 Billion people
World population in 2050
Top 5 - Most populated countries (2050)1. India (17.5%)2. China (13.9%)3. Nigeria (4.1%)4. United States (4.0%)5. Indonesia (3.3%)
AGRICULTURE IN THE AMERICAS: POPULATION GROWTH
Source: UNEP, 2016.
306 Million hectares in LAC
Have been affected by human soil degradation
38%50%
Caribbean
Mesoamerica
Of soils are in high and very high levels of soil degradation
AGRICULTURE IN THE AMERICAS: SOIL DEGRADATION
Source: UNEP, Vital water graphics, 2008.
AGRICULTURE IN THE AMERICAS: WATER SCARCITY
PUBLIC FUNDING FOR AG RESEARCH IN LAC
Source: IFPRI (Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI)).
1.81.3
1.00.8
1.60.30.4
1.40.9
1.81.1
0.20.30.3
0.40.1
0.70.2
BrazilArgentina
MexicoColombia
ChileVenezuela
PeruUruguay
BoliviaCaribbean, Angl.
Costa RicaEcuador
ParaguayDominican Rep.
NicaraguaGuatemala
PanamaHonduras
Spending - Share of AgrGDP, %
2,704732710
254186
8683775940372727201716158
Brazil
Mexico
Chile
Peru
Bolivia
Costa Rica
Paraguay
Nicaragua
Panama
Spending - million constant 2011 PPP dollars
CHALLENGES FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN THE AMERICAS: FINANCIAL RESOURCES
Source: Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI).
5,8695,825
3,9671,103
716503
37233924221621020019014914213313188
BrazilArgentina
MexicoColombia
ChileVenezuela
UruguayPeru
Costa RicaCaribbean,…
ParaguayDominican…
BoliviaEcuador
GuatemalaPanama
NicaraguaHonduras
Researchers, (FTEs)
72.547.5
36.826.1
22.520.8
16.816.3
14.013.1
11.010.39.69.68.87.5
5.75.4
BrazilMexico
ChileUruguay
ColombiaArgentina
Caribbean, Angl.VenezuelaCosta Rica
PeruBolivia
Dominican Rep.Ecuador
GuatemalaNicaragua
PanamaHondurasParaguay
Researchers - Share with PhD
56
53
53
45
44
42
40
36
36
33
28
26
23
Panama
Costa Rica
Peru
Dominican Rep.
Brazil
Guatemala
Venezuela
Uruguay
Nicaragua
Bolivia
Paraguay
Colombia
Ecuador
Researchers – Share of >50 years
CHALLENGES FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN THE AMERICAS: HUMAN RESOURCES
Country Number ofscientific articles Citations
Brazil 12651 3113
México 3212 1149
Argentina 2710 990
Chile 1505 553
Colombia 1163 378
Peru 359 152
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN THE REGION (2015)
PROMECAFEGT-ITTI del CAC PROCITROPICOS
PROCINORTE
CARDI
Advanced research institutions:
CIRAD, USA Land Grant Univ., IDRC
CGIAR CentersCIAT, CIP, CIMMYT,
IFPRI, Bioversity
CATIE
PROCISURCOSAVE
CVP
CIAO
Red INNOVAGRO
FONTAGRO
OIMA
IICA AND MECHANISMS FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION
COUNTRIES AREAS OF FOCUS
PROCISUR Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay
Sustainable intensification, Climate change, genetic resources and water, Family farming, Value added chains, Institutionalinnovation
PROCITROPICOS Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Suriname, Venezuela
Sustainable intensification, Climate change, genetic resources and water, Family farming, Diversification and value added,Agro-energy, Institutional innovation
PROCINORTE Canada, Mexico, USA Animal health, Crop protection,Genetic resources, Fruit crops
PROMECAFE Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá
Breeding, genetic resources, Rust, early warning systems, Agronomy, best practices, Value added, ecosystem services
GT ITTI Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá
Food security, Family farming, Innovation systems, Alternativeenergy sources, Climate change, Agribusiness, Sanitary, phytosanitary measures and food safety, water and irrigation, extension services
PROCIs
COUNTRIES AREAS OF FOCUS
CIAO
USA, México, DR, Costa Rica, ElSalvador, GuatemalaHonduras, NicaraguaPanamá, Bolivia, ColombiaEcuador, Venezuela,Perú, Argentina, BrasilChille, Paraguay, Uruguay
Trade facilitation and market development for organic products, establishment and strengthening of national control systems, Promotion of organic production, information and knowledge management
COSAVE
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,Chile, Paraguay, Peru Uruguay
Regional collaborations on sanitary and phytosanitary issues: Support on negotiations, analysis, harmonization, standards
OIMA
Canada, Mexico, USA, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Caribbean countries
Information exchange on agricultural markets, knowledge exchange, capacity-building to improve countries´ market information systems
OTHER COLLABORATION MECHANISMS
• Sustainable financing for agricultural research and innovation
• Board: 15 member countries• Sponsored by IICA and IDB• Secretariat based at IDB • Finances projects to institutions of
at least 2 member countries
• Capital: over US$ 100 million• 98 projects approved• US$ 81.7 million approved• Leverages US$ 1 to US$ 5 from
others• 25 countries benefited
FONTAGROs
• 78 members from 16 countries, 13 from LAC plus Spain, Netherlands and Israel
• International seminars, on-line training, strategic studies, videoconferences.
• Governance: representatives of constituencies from innovation systems.
• Executive Secretary, technical and administrative support provided by IICA.
INNOVAGRO NETWORK
Organization
Secretariat Total
Operational Cost
Salaries/OpCosts 2014 Source of Funding TOTAL
in US$ MM % in US$ MM
Member countries
IICA* Mobilized resources**
FONTAGRO 0.53 50% 2.59 0.07 13.09 15.75
FORAGRO 0.08 50% - 0.08 - 0.08
CAC-TGI 0.12 58% - 0.05 6.37 6.42
PROCINORTE 0.13 31% 0.40 0.13 - 0.53
PROCISUR 0.40 57% 0.55 0.22 0.38 1.15
PROMECAFE 0.28 61% 0.17 0.21 6.90 7.28
PROCITROPICOS 0.16 56% 0.19 0.27 0.40 0.86
* Annual cash and in kind contribution** Mobilized resources in active projects as of dec 31, 2015
BUDGETS AND IICA SUPPORT
Policies for agricultural innovation
Strengthen innovation systems
Build new paradigms for public and private financing
Brokering articulation among actors
Opportunities to “retain brains”
Institutional capacity building
AREAS FOR POTENCIAL COLLABORATION WITH GFAR
For more information or comments: • Dr. Victor Villalobos: [email protected]• Salvador Fernández: [email protected]• Priscila Henriquez: [email protected]• Eugenia Salazar: [email protected]• Miguel Garcia-Winder: [email protected]
