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8/2/2019 Innovation Africa 2012
1/22
InnovationintheNewEconomy
(KnowledgeEconomy)
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
OptionsforDevelopingCountriesSummaryPresentation
8/2/2019 Innovation Africa 2012
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KnowledgeEconomy
Theknowledge-driveneconomybringsnewchallengesforbusiness.Marketsarebecomingmoreglobalwith
newcompetitors,productlifecyclesareshortening,customersaremoredemandingandthecomplexityoftechnologyisincreasing.
-
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
processandtheapproachtoinnovation. Thetraditionalideathatinnovationisbasedupon
research(technology- pushtheory)andinteractionbetweenfirmsandotheractorsisreplacedbythecurrentsocialnetworktheoryofinnovation,whereknowledgeplaysacrucialroleinfosteringinnovation.
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CompetitionintheNewEconomy
CompetitionintheNewEconomyisdrivenby
Innovation.Tobecompetitive,companiesmustcontiniouslyinnovate.
Companiesinthedevelopingcountriesmust
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
nnova e o ecompe ve n eg o a economy. Innovationhaschangedintheknowledgebased
economy.Theoldmodels-ClosedInnovation,
USstyle-areincreasinglybecomingredundant. TheNewModelsofferanopportunitytothe
developingcountries.
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Theory
GrowthandDevelopmentofanymodern
economyisbasedoninnovationandnewtechnology
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
oftechnologyintheupwave.
Schumpeter:technologyinnovationasthe
engineofeconomicgrowth Mensch:Onlyinnovationcanovercome
economicdepression.
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TechnologyandDevelopment
Economicbusiness
cycles
Pol/EcoInfluences TechnologyInnovation Impactonfactorsofproduction
Firstcycle
(1780s-1830s)
FrenchRevolution IndustrialrevolutionI-iron,textile,steamtechnology
Land-iron&coalresources
Capital-OT,BKnLabour-divisionoflabour/fact.Workers.
Enterprise-investmentbylandownersinnewindustry
Secondcycle(1830s-1880s)
Marx IndustrialrevolutionII-steelindustry/railroads
Land-pigironcoal
Capital-jointstock,issuingofnotes,stablebankingsystem
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
Labour-educationofworkers
Enterprise-investmentbyStateandVCs
Thirdcycle
(1880s-1930s)
Capitalism Electricalengineering/electricity/motor
Land-coal,petrol,othermetals
Capital-int.Finn.
Labour-moreskilled,demiseofchildlabour,
Enterprise-interwarspeculation
FouthCycle
(1930s-1990s)
Socialism,Unionism,Consumption
Nuclear/oil/electronics/microprocessing
Land-alluminium,silicone,petroleum
Capital-sophis.Finmkts,Labour-highlyskilled,universaleducation,unions
Enterprise-internationalinvestment
Fifthcycle(1990s-
Globalisation,International,Integration
Informationtechnology/telecoms/biotech/ggeneticeng
Land-recycled/enviofM,
Capital-singleworldmarket,money
Labour-know.workers
Enterprise-monopolisticmedia,IT,privateins.investors
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InnovationintheNewEconomy
Problemsolvingprocess
Occurencehighwithcommercialentities Aninteractiveprocessinvolvingrelationshipsbetweenfirmswithdifferentactors
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
Aprocessinvolvingtheexchangeofcodifiedandtacitknowledge
Aninteractiveprocessoflearningandexchangewhereinterdependencebetweenactorsgeneratesaninnovativesystemoraninnovationcluster
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TheQuestion
WhichInnovationmodelsshould
developingcountriesgofor?Whataretheiroptions?
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
8/2/2019 Innovation Africa 2012
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CriteriontoDetermineOptions
Indetermingtheoptionsavailableto
developingcountries,Ishallconsiderthefollowingcriterion
Knowled eDrivenFocus
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
Degreeofavailability
PracticalUsefulness
Levelofdocumentation Requiredresourcesforimplementation
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InnovationManagement
KnowledgeDriven
Focus DegreeofAvailability
InnovationManagementOptions
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
Practical
UsefulnessLevelofDocumentation
CriterionRequiredResources
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KnowledgeDrivenFocus
Degreetowhichthetechniquefocuseson
knowledgeasthemostvaluableassettoacompany,highlightingfeatureslike:flexibility,cooperation,networking,
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
internationalization,quicktime-to-market,knowledgemanagement,bettermarketinformationandentrepreneurshipencouragement.
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DegreeofAvailability
Techniquesandmethodologiesthatare
notsubjecttoanycopyrightsorlicenserestrictionssotheycanbeusedfreelyforanycompany.Genericmethodological
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
approachesandtechniqueswhicharenotspecificcommercialtoolsownedbyprivateplayers.
Opensource!
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PracticalUsefulness
Focusonspecificandkeyproblemstobe
solvedbybusinessorganizations(problem-solving-orientation,know-howproviders)Methodologiesandtechniques
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
withatoolnature.
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LevelofDocumentation
Welldocumented,standardizedand
systematizedtechniques,withadefinedstructureormethodofapplication(existenceofusersguideorothercodified
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
knowledgepiecestoreplicatethetechnique)Availabilityofreadilyaccessiblebestpracticeanalysis(existenceofexamplesandcasestudiestolearnanddiffusehowtousethetechnique)
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RequiredResources
Timerequiredtobeimplemented;Average
budgettoperformthetechniqueinafirm;Toolswhicharenottoosophisticated,andcanbegenerallyappliedbyaverage-
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
implementationwouldrequireanexternalconsultancy(requiredcompetencies,
expertiseandotherresourcesforimplementationandmaintenance)itshouldbealsoassessedintermsofbudget
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Conclusion
Theinnovationchallengeisnotjustabout
catchingupwithdevelopedcountriesinestablishedareasofworldproductionitisaboutdevelopinganinternalcapacityfor
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
andbusinessknowledge.Itisaboutlearningtolearnwhichtakestimeandrequiresresources.Aswellasadaptingtechnologytolocalconditions,thereneedstobeinvestmentinadaptingorganizationsandinstitutions.
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ProgressDiagram
Phase1 Phase2 Phase3
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
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LinearModel
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
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BlockDiagram
TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
Timerequiredto
beimplemented;Averagebudgettoperformthetechniqueinafirm;Toolswhicharenottoosophisticated,andcanbegenerallyappliedbyaverage-trainedbusinessprofessionals;Iftheimplementationwouldrequireanexternalconsultancy(requiredcompetencies,
expertiseandotherresourcesforimplementationandmaintenance)
TEXT TEXT TEXT
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Table
TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT TEXT
TitleA
TitleB
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
TitleC
TitleD
TitleE
TitleF
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3-DPieChart
Perform
Learn
Innovate
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
RedesignTechnology
Grow
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Options
WhichInnovationModel(s)
FrancisStevensGeorge www.krooman.com
TEXT TEXTTEXT TEXT