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PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved.
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.
Recommendations on IFSF’s API Strategy and Architecture
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 1
AGENDA
Michael de SelincourtIntegration Architect
Bryan BlackCTO
Chris GriffithsManaging Partner
Tim LinsellConsulting Partner
Charlotte GyetvaiEvent Manager
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 2
REPL GROUP
► Offices in four regions: Americas, UK, Asia & Africa
► Now employing over 300 Remarkable People
► 40% average growth per annum over 10 years
► Experts in fuels retail and Integration
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 3
STRATEGY REPORT
► IFSF is working on a third generation of standards, using HTTP instead of LonWorks and TCP/UDP/IP
► As invited by IFSF, this summer REPL reviewed IFSF’s work-to-date and intended future direction.
► We:
► Reviewed IFSF’s documentation and tool and language choices► Interviewed the board, and certain suppliers and partner bodies (including Conexxus)► Synthesised the findings into recommendations and delivered a report to the Board
► This presentation is largely based upon the findings in the report.
► For more detail, please refer to the full document (or talk to us at the conference!)
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 4
INDUSTRY CHANGE
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 5
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 6
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 7
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 8
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 9
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 10
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 11
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 12
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 13
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 14
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 15
INDUSTRY CHANGE
Ranking by market capitalisation, Bloomberg and PwC 2019
Rank Company name Location Sector
1 Microsoft United States Technology
2 Apple United States Technology
3 Amazon.com United States Consumer Services
4 Alphabet United States Technology
5 Berkshire Hathaway United States Financials
6 Facebook United States Technology
7 Alibaba Greater China Consumer Services
8 Tencent Greater China Technology
9 Johnson & Johnson United States Healthcare
10 Exxon Mobil United States Oil & Gas
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 16
INDUSTRY CHANGE
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 17
Vendors and retailers will continue to benefit from easily integrated forecourt technology, even as the industry’s participants transition to more modern integration technologies.
IFSF’S VISION FOR APIs
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved.
► IFSF should refine its ways of working to remain relevant in its interoperability mission.
► IFSF would be at risk of irrelevancy without modernisation initiatives like those reviewed, but IFSF is subject to significant constraints and in an environment of accelerating change.
18
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved.
► IFSF should refine its ways of working to remain relevant in its interoperability mission.
► IFSF would be at risk of irrelevancy without modernisation initiatives like those reviewed, but IFSF is subject to significant constraints and in an environment of accelerating change.
19
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
VALIDATE DIRECTION
AIM TO MATCH THE WORLD’S BEST PROJECTS IN USABILITY
LOOK BEYOND REST
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VALIDATE DIRECTION
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 21
REVIEW OF THE WORK SO FAR
Document Rating
2-03 Communications over HTTP/REST
4-01* Design Rules for APIs (OAS 3.0)
v0.3
Part 4-01 Design rules for JSON
4-05 (1) ReMC API
4-05 (2) Implementation Guideline mostly out of scope
4-10 WSM API see notes
4-15 Pricing API see notes
API Transport v0.3
4-02 (1) Core Libraries JSON Schema deprecated in favour of OAS
4-02 (2) Core Libraries RAML deprecated in favour of OAS
Tool Rating
Atom
Custom Portal
Docker
Eclipse with KaiZen see notes
GitLab
Imposter
Jenkins
OAS 3.0
swagger-cli
swagger-ui
No significant concerns Some changes or actions recommended
Significant action needed Out of date or scope, or beyond our ability to assess
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 22
OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCY
Prioritisation from Strict to Discretionary
It is very useful for IFSF to be quick and strict on correct representations (e.g. a JSON carwashPrice)
It is useful for IFSF to issue clear guidance on synchronous vs. asynchronous options
It is not very urgent for IFSF to be strict on URL structures (because these are easy to transform)
It is not urgent for IFSF to forbid specific HTTP status codes or headers
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 23
OUTCOMES AND EFFICIENCY
Prioritisation from Strict to Discretionary
Separate data from transport!
IFSF & its partners are the world experts in forecourt data
They are less well positioned to issue guidance on e.g. the merits of HTTP/3
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 24
IFSF’S STRATEGIC BALANCE
CAUSE INCONSISTENCYFLEXIBILITY
RUSH INTOWRONG DECISIONS
PACE
DISINCENTIVE TOSUPPORT IFSF
OPENNESS
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IFSF’S STRATEGIC BALANCE
STIFLE INNOVATION,DISINCENTIVISE USE CAUSE INCONSISTENCYFLEXIBILITY
TOO LATE,LEFT BEHIND
RUSH INTOWRONG DECISIONS
PACE
DISINCENTIVE TOSUPPORT IFSF
BARRIERS TO ADOPTION
OPENNESS
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 26
IFSF’S STRATEGIC BALANCE
STIFLE INNOVATION,DISINCENTIVISE USE CAUSE INCONSISTENCYFLEXIBILITY
TOO LATE,LEFT BEHIND
RUSH INTOWRONG DECISIONS
PACE
DISINCENTIVE TOSUPPORT IFSF
BARRIERS TO ADOPTION
OPENNESS
IFSF ‘picks its battles’
Setting useful standardsIn time to be adopted
As open as possible
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 27
MATCH THE WORLD’S BEST PROJECTS IN USABILITY
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 28
OUTCOMES AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Open Standards and Paid Services
Twitter API public documentation
Twitter wants people to use its API; so it makes clear documentation
available to anyone for free
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 29
OUTCOMES AND MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Open Standards and Paid Services
Google Maps API pricing model
It is commonplace to charge for APIs This Google Photo API costs 0.7¢ per use
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 30
MODERN COLLABORATIVE METHODS
An API portal hosted on GitLab.io
It would be easy to host IFSF’s interactive API
documentation on a free hosting service
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 31
React.js’s pull requests
Error found and a correction
volunteered by a community member
Automatically validated by the
system
Reviewed and approved by an administrator
Opportunity for community to discuss
the change
6000 users are subscribed to updates
on the project
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 32
MODERN COLLABORATIVE METHODS
React.js’s community collaborating online
“Can anyone help me with this technical
question?”
“Here’s where to look for help on that question”
“Here’s why the code behaves that way”
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 33
LOOK BEYOND REST /
ARCHITECTURAL
DIRECTION
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LOOK BEYOND REST
Can’t REST do everything?
RESTful Web Services are good!
They are simple.
They are almost universally understood and supported.
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 35
REST FACILITATES A MODERN ARCHITECTURE
LAN
Cloud providers
App Service
Simulators
SimulatorsDevices
under testPOSTMAN &
newmanImpostor
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 36
LOOK BEYOND REST
Servers
POSes(CDs)
FPs
Peer to peer discovery (UDP)
TCP
POSes(CDs)
FPs
Peer to peer discovery (UDP)
TCP
TCP
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 37
LOOK BEYOND REST
But…
REST Web Services originated in client-server connections to relatively static services advertised through Domain Name Services
IFSF’s existing design is a dynamic, decentralised/peer-to-peer environment.
Consider some other decentralised systems:
• Internet of Things (e.g. Smart Home systems)• BitTorrent (peer to peer file sharing)• Distributed Ledgers (notably Cryptocurrency)
These domains use, but do not limit themselves to RESTful web services.
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved.
Servers
POSes(CDs)
FPs
Peer to peer discovery (UDP?)
Peer to peer communication (HTTP/TCP)
POSes(CDs)
FPs
Peer to peer discovery (UDP?)
Peer to peer communication (HTTP/TCP)
Clie
nt
to s
erve
r
Site AP
Is?
A POSSIBLE REST ARCHITECTURE
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 39
IMPLIED TCP ARCHITECTURE
FP
CD
FP
PP
TLG
CW
CD
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 40
LOOK BEYOND REST
► IFSF is a bidirectional protocol, both synchronous and asynchronous► You can broadcast a heartbeat over LonWorks► You can broadcast a heartbeat over UDP/IP
► REST is a client-server synchronous architecture and has no ‘broadcast model’
► Must every device on the forecourt be an HTTP server?► Must every device maintain TCP connections to every other interesting device?
► Could you support broadcast & asynchronicity without a ‘mesh’ of TCP connections?
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 41
WHAT WOULD IoT DO?
Servers
POSes(CDs)
FPsPOSes(CDs)
FPs
Gateway & Broker
Gateway & Broker
Bid
irec
tio
nal
m
essa
gin
g
Peer-to-peer messaging Peer-to-peer messaging
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 42
WHAT WOULD IoT DO?
FPCD
FP
PP
TLG
CW
CD
IoTMessageBroker
BackupIoTMessageBroker
topic
topic
topic
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 43
IN SUMMARY
Look Beyond REST
Isolate Data & Transport
Work in prioritised increments
Open standards
SaaS Simulators
Commodity Portal
Online Collaboration
INNOVATE. INSPIRE. DELIVER.PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © 2019 REPL Group. All rights reserved. 44
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