International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Impact Factor (2012): 3.358

Volume 3 Issue 6, June 2014 www.ijsr.net

Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY

Inner Water Characteristics of Anambas Island, Riau Province-Indonesia

Noir P. Purba1, Jaya Kelvin2, Riani Widiarti3, Nurfitri Syadiah4

1Padjadjaran University, Department of Marine Science, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, West Java45363, Indonesia

2Padjadjaran University, Department of Marine Science, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.21, Jatinangor, West Java45363, Indonesia

3University of Indonesia, Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia

4Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affair, Directorate of KP3K Mina Bahari Building 11th Floor, Central Jakarta,DKI Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract: Anambas archipelago which consists of 255 islands located in the southern South China Sea (sSCS) and parts of Riau province. This study aims to provide an initial overview of the Anambas’s water characteristics on East Monsoon (EM). Data was obtained from two primary surveys that conducted in 2012 and 2013. First survey collected a number of 20 stations which focused to the northeast region of Anambas that consists of Mengkian Island, Mandariau Island, and Penjalin Island. Second survey collected 16stations which represented the whole inner water of Anambas. The depiction was done with primary data collection, calibration and data processing, visualization, and analysis. The results show that the Anambas water is the shallow one with the average depth of 40 meters. The tidal rangeis approximately 1.35 meters and the dominant ocean current is southward current that moves to KarimataStrait andMalacca Strait. The ocean current condition of Anambasis also affected by the water mass that originates from the South China Sea(SCS), Java Sea, and Malacca Strait. The other water properties were like ocean surface temperature (28-32.50C), absolute salinity (29-35 PSU), brightness(10-16 meters), pH (6.8-8.8 units), and dissolve oxygen(4.4-6.8 mg/L). The biological property such as the abundance of plankton varies and dominates by Thallasionema and shows significant correlation with the ocean current pattern.

Keywords: Anambas Archipelago, East Monsoon, Water Mass, Inner Water, Oceanographic Condition.

1. Introduction

The existence of islands in Indonesia will determine the characteristics of oceanographic conditions around it. The island and basin will act as the secondary force that changed the direction of bulk water mass. Geographically, the islands are located in the southern South China Sea (sSCS) which is adjacent to the Natuna and Tanjung Pinang and part of the Riau Province (02º10'0"-03º40'0" N and 105°15'0"-106°45'0" E). Anambas has 255 islands and vast waters reach 70% of the total area is believed to have a unique and complex ocean characteristics. These island will give much information about water mass because the linking to Indonesia waters and South Cina Seas. However, there is limited primary ocean data that has been done in this inner area. This area becomes one of Fisheries Management Regional of Indonesia Republic (WPP-RI 711) and Indonesia Archipelago Sea Channel (ALKI 1). Moreover, as geopolitics area, these islands also have five outer islands that bordered with Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, and Vietnam [1]. In the north of these islands, there is a mining zone which is currently in the exploration stage. This area is also a migration route of some marine biota such as sea turtles and Napoleon fish.

Based on the geographical location and the condition of the islands, this region has a huge potential to be developed. In 2012 and 2013 spatial zoning management study has been conducted by the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries (KKP-KP3K) which appoint Anambasas a priority area for fishery

and tourism by enclosing the conservation area as a measure of the diversity of flora and fauna [2]. However, with the region consist of 70% water is a challenge in establishing sustainable management [3]. In connection with both of those which are related to each other gives an overview of the importance of oceanographic conditions in the waters around Anambas Islands. In addition, oceanographic conditions in Indonesia are very much influenced by local factors.

Characteristics of the waters in Anambas region are very unique and complex because of the basin and land that stretches from north to south, the input and output of water masses, wind pattern, and nutrients concentration. The topography and basins act as a secondary force which affects the movement of water mass [1]. Generally, the condition of the waters in the Anambas is influenced by the South China Sea (SCS), the water masses from Java Sea and Malacca Strait. The dominance of the three water masses will be influenced by the ebb and flow that comes from the Pacific Ocean. Due to this area, then it is likely to undergo changes in the oceanographic dynamics. Force of water masses will bring nutrients to dynamically operate the food chain in the water column. This region (SCS) is a large marine ecosystem with a specific and unique oceanographic characteristics, biography and ecology. Most of the southern part of SCS is atSunda Shelf and has shallow water characteristic(depth< 200 m). Itis also influenced by the oceans and land through the input from rivers that flow from the surrounding islands. The southern part of SCS isa sea region which belonging to

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Paper ID: 02014136 892

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Impact Factor (2012): 3.358

Volume 3 Issue 6, June 2014 www.ijsr.net

Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY

was carried out on a limited and can still be done with a long sampling time is longer and more stations due to the structure of this community is still very limited.

6. Acknowledgment

We would like to thank KP3K-KKP for the help of facility when conducting survey and also to an additional survey team who has helped the DKP Anambas Islands and related local agencies. In addition, we would like to thank KOMITMEN-UNPADwho has helped in the data processing.

References

[1] N.P.Purba, Introduction to Oceanography,Padjadaran University, Jatinangor, 2014. Draft

[2] KKP, “Facilitation Plan and Coastal Zoning Small Islands Anambas Island,” Final Report, Directorate of Sea, Coastal and Small Islands Spatial, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2003.

[3] KKP, “Preparation of Master Plan and Small Island Minawisata Development Design in Anambas Islands District,” Final Report, Directorate ofSmall Islands Utilization, 2012.

[4] Q. Huang, W. Wang, Y.S. Li,andC.W. Li,“Current Characteristics of South China Sea,” Oceanology of China Seas. Vol. 1, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1994.

[5] R.Mulyani,Widiarti, andW.Wardhana,“Spatial Distribution of Harmful Algal Bloom Species Cause (HAB) in Shellfish Growing Area Green (Pernaviridis)Kamal Muara, North Jakarta, in May 2011,” JurnalAkuatika, III (1), pp. 28-39, 2012.

[6] Fujioka, S. Illustrations of the Plankton of Kuroshio Waters, Tokyo Publishing Company, Tokyo,1990.

[7] Y.Fukuyo andV.M. Borja,“Marine Dinoflagellates in the Philippines,”Asian Natural Science Centre, Tokyo, Japan, 1991.

[8] G.M.Hallegraeff, “Aquaculturists guide to harmful Australian microalgae,” Fishing Industry Training Board of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia, 1991.

[9] M. Richard, “Atlas du Phytoplankton Marine: Diatomophyceae2nd Ed,”National De La Recherce, Paris, France, 1987.

[10] T.Qu, H.Mitsudera, T. Yamagata,“Intrusion of the North Pacific Waters into the South China Sea,” Journal of Geophysical Research, CV (C3), pp. 6415-6424, 2000.

[11] J.A.N.Masrikat, “Oceanographic Characteristic of South China Sea,”Ichthyos Journal, X(1), pp. 27-34, 2011.

[12] BPPT, “Regional Development MasterplanMinapolitanAnambas Island in Riau Islands Province,” Report, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2011.

[13] A.G. Ilahude, “Distribution of Temperature, Salinity, Sigma-T and Substance Hara South China Sea Waters, Atlas of Oceanology of the South China Sea,” Research and Development Centre for Oceanology, LembagaIlmuPengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Jakarta, Indonesia, 1997.

[14] B. Pigawati, “Potential Identification and Mapping of Coastal Resources of Small Islands and Natuna Sea-Riau Islands Province,” Journal of Marine Science,X (4), pp. 229-236, 2005.

[15] J. Hu, H. Kawamura, H. Hong, Y. Qi,“A Review on the Currents in South China Sea: Seasonal Circulation, South China Sea WarmCurrent and Kuroshio Intrusion,” Journal of Oceanography, LVI ( ), pp.607-624, 2000.

[16] F.Guohong, W.Gang, F.Yue, F.Wendong,“A Review on the South China Sea Western Boundary Current,” Acta Oceanology,XXXI (5),pp.1-10, 2012.

Author Profile

Noir P. Purba received the B.S. degrees in Marine Science from Riau University2005and M.S. degrees in Oceanography from Bandung Institute of Technology in 2008 He is now a lecturer in Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran.

Jaya Kelvin would receive the B.S. degrees in Marine Science from Universitas Padjadjaran shortly in August 2014. He is now becomes an assistant in Marine Science and Technology (MST) Training Course held by Bogor Agricultural University (BAU) and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). He is also working on funded research by DAAD about eddy model.

RianiWidiarti received the B.S.degrees from Biology Department of University of Indonesia and M.S degree from Bogor Agricultural Institute. She is now a lecturer in Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Univeristy of Indonesia.

NurfitriSyadiah received the B.S. degrees from Bogor Agricultural Institute.She is now staff of Directorate of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, Jakarta.

Paper ID: 02014136 893