Injury Evaluation Terminology

WOUNDS

Abrasion

Top layer of skin is removed

“road rash”“turf burn”Long healing time

Re-injury How skin heals

Abrasion

Incision

Skin is cut with something sharp

Usually a deep wound“clean edges”Usually needs to be

closed Sutures Staples Steri-strips

Incision

Laceration

Skin is “torn”Characterized by

jagged edgesUsually deepMore difficult to

repair than an incision

Laceration

Avulsion

Tissue is completely or partially “torn” away

Tissue is usually “hanging off”

Puncture

Something has gone partially or completely through the skin

“do not” remove whatever has punctured the skin It may be controlling

bleeding

Puncture

Amputation

Part of the body has been partially or completely removed

Body part can sometime be re-attached Keep “part”

Cold Dry

OTC – OVER THE COUNTER

MEDICATION

Acetaminophen

OTC – pain killer Tylenol

Pain reliever Headaches, fever and

minor aches and painsNo anti-inflammatory

effect Not good for

controlling swellingSame as CVS brand

Acetaminophen

Ibuprofen

OTC - Anti-inflammatory Advil, Motrin, Rufen

and NuprinNSAID

Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory

Decrease swelling, menstrual cramping, headaches, fevers and arthritis

Naproxen

OTC -Anti-inflammatory Became OTC in US -

1994 Aleve

NSAIDSlightly stronger than

IbuprofenDecrease swelling,

menstrual cramping, headaches, fevers and arthritis

Ligament Tendon

Ligament vs. Tendon

Retrograde Amnesia Post-Traumatic Amnesia

Patient cannot remember things that happened before the injury event

What are good questions to assess whether an athlete has retrograde amnesia?

Patient cannot remember things that happened after the injury event

What are good questions to assess whether an athlete has post-traumatic amnesia?

Amnesia

Paraplegia Quadriplegia

Impairment of motor and sensory function of the lower extremities

Impairment of motor and sensory functions of all their limbs and torso

Palpation

To touch an anatomical structure with your hands

Palpating the tibial tuberosity

How can palpation help you figure out what the injury is?

Conjunctivitis

“pink eye”Acute inflammation of

the conjunctivitis Outermost part of the

eye and the inner eye lids

Highly contagious

Aerobic Exercise

“with oxygen”Moderate intensity

for a relatively long period of time

Distance running, swimming, biking, etc.

Haile Gebrselassie2:03.59

Anaerobic Exercise

High intensity, short duration

Examples heavy weight-lifting all types of sprints jumping rope hill climbing interval training rapid burst of hard

exercise

Any exercise done for more than 2 minutes is Aerobic

Goniometer

Instrument used to measure joint range of motion In degrees

Quantify ROMMeasure progress of

rehab

Atrophy

Muscle gets smaller in size

Result of Immobilization Injury / disease Lack of use

Hypertropohy

Muscle gets bigger in size

Result of rehabilitation / training

Contusion Ecchymosis

A “bruise”caused when blood

vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin

“black and blue”Most common sign

of a contusion

Bruise

D.O.M.S.

Delayed Onset Muscle SorenessPain and stiffness in muscles Several hours or days after strenuous

exerciseUsually subsided as your body get

accustomed to the exercise

Edema

“swelling”Blood (or other fluids

absorbed by soft tissue)

Diplopia

“double vision”Often associated with

concussion“halo”effect

Epitaxis

“bloody nose”Atilla the hun

Nerve

form a network of pathways for conducting information throughout the body.

Hallux

The “big toe”

Greenstick Fracture

is a fracture in a young individuals

soft bone in which the bone bends and partially breaks.

bone cracks but doesn't break all the way through

Hyphema

Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Result of blunt force trauma to the eye

Color Blindness Test

Tinea

“ringworm”Skin infection caused

by a fungus Warm Moist Dark

Ringworm (tinea)

Ischemia

Restriction of blood flow

Usually do to some wrong with the blood vessel

Usually results is tissue damage or death

Vasoconstriction Vasodilation

Narrowing of the blood vessels

Contraction of the muscular wall of the vessel Usually large arteries

Results in a decrease in blood flow to a part of the body

Widening of the blood vessels

Relaxation of the muscular wall of the vessels Usually in large arteries

Results in increase in blood flow to a part of the body

Tetanus

“lock jaw”Preventable disease Caused by skin wound that becomes infected

with Clostridium Tetani Commonly found in soil

Tetanus “shot” Children Adult – every 10 years

Photophobia

SymptomOver-sensitivity or hypersensitivity to lightSymptom of concussion