Injection Safety Practices

TOT Refresher Training of EPI Technicians

Abbottabad -23 Feb 2012

Dr Bilal AhmedImmunization Officer

UNICEF

StatisticsVaccination 12 billion/yrs

◦50% is unsafe practices◦8-16 Million people got Hep-B◦2.3 – 4.7 Million people suffered from

Hep-C◦80,000 – 0.16 Million effected by

AIDS

Who are effected?Who are vaccinatedWho give vaccinationCommunity

Who are vaccinatedReuse of needle and syringeUse of new needle on old syringeUse of prepared BCG & Measles

vaccines after 06 hrsReuse of syringes and needles after

cleaning with bactericidal drugsRepeated use of syringeInjection in buttocks in childrenNot adding diluent in proper quantity

Who give vaccinationWound due to Re-cappingInjury due to keeping syringe and

needle for long timeKeeping syringe and needle in

hand and entering in crowded places where children and mothers are present

CommunityThrowing used syringes and

needles in open groundSelling used syringes and

needlesRepeated use of syringes and

needles

Syringes in EPI

Single used syringes and needles◦ Standard Disposable Syringe◦ Auto Disable Syringe or Auto

Destruct Syringe

Sizes of Syringes and Needles

Use Syringe Size Needles Size

For BCG 0.05 ml 26 G & 3/8 Inches/10 mm

For Remaining vaccine

0.5 ml 24 G & 3/4 Inches/23-25 mm

For diluents 2 ml/ 5 ml 22 G/18 G

Parts of Syringes and NeedlesSyringes

◦Adaptor◦Scale◦Plunger Seal◦Barrel◦Plunger top

Needle◦Shaft◦Adaptor◦Bevel

Injection safety practicesUse only a sterile packed

disposable syringe for reconstitution of vaccine and AD syringe for administering vaccine

Don’t use the same disposable syringe for reconstituting multiple vaccine vial/ampoule◦ One syringe for one vial/ampoule

If the syringe pack is torn or expiry date is over, don’t use the syringe

Never touch the needle or rubber cap of the vaccine vial during reconstitution or drawing vaccine

Injection safety practices Drop the needle cap

in the safety box immediately after taking it off the syringe◦ DON’T RECAPE A

SYRINGE Drop the syringe

needle end down in the safety box immediately after it’s use◦ No need to cut the

needle using a needle cutter

Don’t fill more than ¾ of a safety box

Safe waste disposal Safety box MUST be used for sharp

waste disposal in each and every vaccination session

Soon after use (reconstitution or vaccine administration) each and every syringe must be dropped in the safety box

Contents of safety box never be taken out

Safety box containing sharp waste must be kept out of reach of children

When a safety box is filled up to ¾ of its volume, close its mouth and keep in a secured place till final disposal

Final disposal of waste Method: Incineration or pit burning &

burry To be done in a health facility premises

under responsible supervision Ensure the burning is complete A standard pit should be

◦ In a isolated place away from reach of children or animal

◦ Away from a building

◦ At least 4 feet deep and proportionately wide

To be covered with thin layer of earth (1 – 2 inch) after each burning

Waste burned & covered with earth in a disposal pit