Initial Environmental Examination

October 2019

INO: Metropolitan Sanitation Management

Investment Plan – Jambi City Off-Site Wastewater

Collection System and Treatment

Prepared by Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works and Housing for the Asian Development Bank.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(As of October 2019)

Currency Unit Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)

$1.00 = IDR 14,000

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank AMDAL Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Hidup ANDAL Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (environmental impact analysis) BAPPEDA Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah BLH Badan Lingkungan Hidup BMKG Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika KLH Kantor Lingkungan Hidup BOD biochemical oxygen demand CEMP Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CPMU Central Project Management Unit CSECC City Sewerage Environmental Complaints Committee cumd cubic meters per day cums cubic meters per second dB(A) A-weighted sound scale EIA environmental impact analysis EMP environmental management plan FGD focus group discussion GOI Government of Indonesia IEE initial environmental examination IndII Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative IPAL Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah IR Involuntary resettlement IRR Implementing rules and regulations km kilometer

km2 square kilometers LGU local government unit lpcd liters per capita per day lps liters per second LPMU Local Project Management Unit mamsl meters above mean sea level MLD million liters per day NGO non-government organization PISC Project Implementation Support Consultant PPE personal protective equipment PPIU Provincial Project Implementation Unit PPTA project preparation technical assistance

PSPLP Pengembangan Penyehatan Lingkungan Hidup (Environmental Sanitation System Development

RRP report and recommendation of the president (ADB) TA technical assistance UPTD Unit Perlaksana Teknis Daerah UKL Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan (environmental management plan) UPL Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan (environmental monitoring plan) ug/Ncm microgram per normal cubic meter WWTP wastewater treatment plant

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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... vi

I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................ 1

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 3

A. Location...................................................................................................................... 3

B. Components and Cost Estimate ................................................................................. 3

C. Construction ............................................................................................................... 7

D. Implementation and Operation ................................................................................... 9

E. Changes in treatment process Technology at Jambi .................................................. 9

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................... 12

A. Physical Resources .................................................................................................. 12

B. Ecological Resources ............................................................................................... 18

C. Economic Development ............................................................................................ 18

D. Socio and Cultural Resources .................................................................................. 38

A. Design/Pre-Construction Phase Considerations ....................................................... 50

B. Construction Phase Environmental Impacts ............................................................. 52

C. Operation Phase Environmental Impacts .................................................................. 56

V. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ................. 60

VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................... 62

A. Construction Activities Grievances ........................................................................... 62

B. Resettlement Activities Grievances .......................................................................... 63

C. Complaints to Jambi City’s Badan Lingkungan Hidup ............................................... 63

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................. 64

A. Environmental Mitigation .......................................................................................... 64

B. Environmental Monitoring ......................................................................................... 69

C. Implementation Arrangement ................................................................................... 73

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 80

APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 81

List of Tables

Table 3.1. Proposed Jambi Sewerage Network (to be funded by ADB and APBN) ............... 3 Table 3.2. Requirements under Environment Minister Decree No. 68 of 2016 ...................... 6 Table 3.3. Current status of contract preparation .................................................................. 7 Table 3.4. Location of Piping Network and Service Area ....................................................... 8 Table 3.5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wastewater Treatment Plant Options ............ 9 Table 3.6. Treatment Capacity ............................................................................................ 11

Table 4.1. Rivers in Jambi City ............................................................................................ 13 Table 4.2. Water Quality of Tembuku Stream ..................................................................... 14 Table 4.3. Surface Water Quality ........................................................................................ 14 Table 4.4. Lakes in Jambi ................................................................................................... 15 Table 4.5. Number of Rainfall (mm) and Rain Days by Month in Jambi City, 2017 .............. 15 Table 4.6. Maximum, Minimum and Average-Temperature by Month in Jambi City 2017 (oC) ........................................................................................................................................... 16 Table 4.7. Maximum, Minimum and the Average of Humidity (Percent) by Month in Jambi City, 2017 ............................................................................................................................ 16

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Table 4.8. Condition of Wind Velocity, Atmospheric Pressure and Sun Illumination by Month in Jambi City, 2017 ............................................................................................................. 17 Table 4.9. Air Quality at Office Areas and Roads ................................................................ 17 Table 4.10. Air Quality at Residential Areas and Industry .................................................... 17 Table 4.11. Autonomy Regional Income Budget and Realization of Jambi City, 2017 (Rupiah) .............................................................................................................................. 18 Table 4. 12. Autonomy Regional Expenditure Budget and Realization of Jambi City, 2017 (Rupiah) .............................................................................................................................. 19 Table 4. 13. Autonomy Regional Surplus, Jambi City 2017 (Rupiah) .................................. 19 Table 4.14. Jambi City Land Use ........................................................................................ 19 Table 4.15. Medium and Large Industries ........................................................................... 20 Table 4.16. Small Industries ................................................................................................ 20 Table 4.17. Number of Agricultural and Forestry Industrial Output by ISIC, Initiative Unit and Formal Labor in Jambi City, 2017 ....................................................................................... 21 Table 4.18. Number of Small industrial and Handicraft Center Development in Jambi City by ISIC, Unit, and Non-Formal Labor, 2017 ............................................................................. 22 Table 4.19, Number of Big-Scale Industry in Jambi City by ISIC, Types, Unit, Labor and Investment, 2017 ................................................................................................................ 23 Table 4.20. Number of Metal, Machine, Chemistry and Various Industry by ISIC, Entrepreneur Unit and Employee in Jambi City, 2016 ......................................................... 23 Table 4.21. Pollution Load of Industrial Wastewater ............................................................ 25 Table 4.22. Number of Shop, Stall, Cabin and Trader in Jambi City Government Market, 2017 .................................................................................................................................... 25 Table 4.23. Dry and Wet Land Harvesting Area and Product in Jambi City by District, 2017 ........................................................................................................................................... 26 Table 4.24. Wetland Planting Area by Utilization in Jambi City, 2017 (Ha) .......................... 26 Table 4.25. Crops Planted Harvesting area and Production in Jambi City by District, 2017. 28 Table 4.26. Number of Fruit Product in Jambi City by Kind and District, 2016 (Kg) ............. 28 Table 4.27. Number of Livestock in Jambi City by District, 2016 ......................................... 29 Table 4.28. Number of Fish Production in Jambi City by Fisheries Sub-sector 2017 (Tons) 31 Table 4.29. Number of Hotel dan Rooms in Jambi City by Classification, 2016 (Units) ....... 31 Table 4.30. Number of Hotel dan Rooms in Jambi City by Classifications, 2016 (Units) ...... 32 Table 4.31. Jambi Drinking Water Sources ......................................................................... 32 Table 4.32. Number of Consumer and Water Supply Product in Jambi City, 2010-2017 ..... 32 Table 4.33. Road Length by Surface and Road Class in Jambi City, 2012- 2017 ................... 35 Table 4.34. Number of Arrived and Departed Ships at Jambi Port, 2010-2016 ................... 36 Table 4.35. Number of Loaded and Unloaded Goods through Jambi Port, 2010-2016 (Tons) ........................................................................................................................................... 36 Table 4.36. Number of Arrived and Departed Passenger through Jambi Port, 2009-2016 (Person) .............................................................................................................................. 36 Table 4.37. Number of Air Traffic and Flight Through Sultan Thaha Airport, 2009-2017 ...... 37 Table 4.38. Number of Units of the Wireline Telephone Line Unit that Has Been Installed in Jambi City 2010 - 2017 (Units) ............................................................................................ 37 Table 4.39. Number of S2JB Area of State Electricity Enterprise Customer of Jambi Branch, 2017 .................................................................................................................................... 37 Table 4.40. Land Area, Total Population and by Population Density by District in Jambi City, 2017 .................................................................................................................................... 38 Table 4.41. Number of Jambi City Population by District, Sex and Sex Ratio, 2017 (Person) ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Table 4.42. Number of Health Facilities by District in Jambi City 2017 (Units) ..................... 39 Table 4.43. Number of Medical Workers by Distric in Jambi City, 2017 (Person) ................ 39 Table 4.44. 2011 and 2017 Ten Leading Diseases ............................................................. 40 Table 4.45. Number of Kindergarten Schools, Class Rooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year ............................................................................................................ 41 Table 4.46. Number of Public Elementary Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 41

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Table 4.47. Number of Private Elementary Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 41 Table 4.48. Number of Public Junior High Schools, Pupils, Classrooms and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 42 Table 4.49. Number of Private Junior High Schools, Pupils, Classrooms and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 42 Table 4.50. Number of Public Senior High Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 42 Table 4.51. Number of Private Senior High Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 43 Table 4.52. Number of Public Vocational Middle Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .............................................................................................. 43 Table 4.53. Number of Private Vocational Middle Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .............................................................................................. 43 Table 4.54. Number of Public Ibtidaiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year ............................................................................................................ 44 Table 4.55. Number of Private Ibtidaiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year .................................................................................................. 44 Table 4.56. Number of Public Tsanawiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers by School Year ........................................................................................................................ 44 Table 4.57. Number of Private Tsanawiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers by School Year ........................................................................................................................ 45 Table 4.58. Number of Public Aliyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils, and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year ............................................................................................................ 45 Table 4.59. Number of Private Aliyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils, and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year ............................................................................................................ 45 Table 4.60. Number of Jambi University Graduated and Active Student, Lecturer, and Student-Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2008/2009- 2017/2018 (Person) ........................... 46 Table 4.61. Number of Sultan Thaha Public Islamic Institute Graduated and Active Student, Lecturer and Student-Lecturer Ratio, 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 (Person) ............................ 46 Table 4.62. Number of Batanghari University Student, Lecturer and Student-Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2008/2009 to 2017/2018 (Person) .............................................................. 47 Table 4.63. Number of Computer Information and Management College Student, Lecturer and Student-Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2007/2008 to 2016/2017 (Person).................. 47 Table 4.64. Number of Muhammadyah Institute Graduated and Active Student, Lecturer and Student- Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2008/2009 to 2017/2018 (Person)) ...................... 48 Table 5.1. Summary of Environmental Impacts Screening for Jambi City Subproject .......... 49 Table 5.2. Environmental Impacts and Risks for Inclusion in EMP of Jambi Subproject ...... 59 Table 5.3. Summary of Consultation Outcomes .................................................................. 61

Table 6.1. GRM Processing of Complaints .......................................................................... 63 Table 8.1. Environmental Mitigation Plan of Jambi City’s Subproject .................................. 64 Table 8.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan of Jambi City’s Subproject ................................. 70 Table 8.3. Project Performance Monitoring of Jambi City’s Subproject ............................... 72 Table 8.4. Environmental Aspects Institutional Set-up ......................................................... 75 Table 8.5. Cost of Capacity Building for Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP Operators ................. 79

List of Figures

Figure 3.1. Location Map of Proposed Jambi Sewerage System .......................................... 3

Figure 3.2. Process Flow Diagram of Proposed Kasang WWTP ........................................... 5

Figure 3.3. Process of Utilizing Natural Media to Metabolize Pollutant .................................. 5

Figure 3.4. Fixed Bed Activated Sludge Process ................................................................... 6

Figure 3.5. Outline plan WWTP and Sewerage Jambi City’s ................................................. 8

Figure 4.1. Indonesia Earthquake Zones............................................................................. 13

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Figure 4 2. Satellite Photo of Proposed WWTP Site ............................................................ 18

Figure 4.3. Toilet Ownership ............................................................................................... 33

Figure 4.4. Toilet Potential to Contaminate Environment ..................................................... 34

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. An environmental assessment was made for the proposed Jambi City’s Off-site Wastewater Collection System and Treatment. It is one of the five1 subprojects to be funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) under the Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Investment Project (MSMIP) of the Directorate General of Human Settlements (DGHS) of the Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia. Jambi City is in Jambi Province, Republic of Indonesia. The implementation of the Subproject has not yet taken place and the detailed engineering design has just started in earnest during the second quarter of 2019 to address the change in wastewater technology from the previous consideration of a Facultative Aeration Pond (FAP) system to a Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) system. This technology change was likewise prompted by the issuance of the Environment Minister Decree No. 68 of 2016 (Permen LHK No. 68/2016) on Domestic Wastewater Quality which require more stringent effluent standards than previously considered. The technology is now being changed to FBAS (Fixed Bed Biofilm Activated Sludge) due to the poor sub-soil conditions. Hence, it is necessary to do this update. 2. Jambi City is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Jambi located on the island of Sumatra. The proposed sewerage system subproject is expected to improve access on sanitation services in Jambi City. Relative to the significance of environmental impacts and risks, this subproject is deemed Environmental Category B based on ADB’s environmental categorization and the type of assessment warranted only the preparation of an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. Prior to this update, this IEE was carried out under ADB’s TA 7993-INO and in accordance with ADB’s Safeguards Policy (2009) and Government of Indonesia (GOI) environment law, Environmental Protection and Management Law of 2009. For compliance with GOI requirements on environmental assessment, a separate Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) report will be prepared by the detailed design consultants during the detailed design phase. Compliance to GOI requirements shall be completed prior to any bidding/procurement process. 3. Subproject Description. Jambi’s proposed sewerage system under MSMIP shall cover the sub-districts of Jambi Timur and Pasar Jambi, part of the priority areas of Zone 1 in Jambi’s Wastewater Infrastructure Master Plan. The proposed sewerage system will serve 44,500 people through 10,300 connections (8,900 domestic and 1,400 commercial service connections) by 2018. The proposed sewerage network will have 40.489 km of sewer pipelines with diameters ranging from 150 mm to 1,200 mm with a total 20.753 km will be funded by ADB and 19.736 km will be funded by APBN. The detail can be seen in Table 3.1. 4. Wastewater from the sewer network system will drain to a 7.6-MLD Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located at Kasang near the Rajawali village, Pasar Jambi Sub-district and just beside the Tembuku Stream, the WWTP’s effluent discharge point. The proposed Kasang WWTP shall be a Fixed Bed Biofilm Activated Sludge (FBAS) with a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) load of 1.52 tons per day (tpd) and will be designed to achieve effluent quality with a maximum BOD of 30 mg/l and total suspended solids (TSS) of 100 mg/l. Other components are: administration office, guard house, small laboratory for wastewater tests, and backup power supply.

5. Environmental and Socioeconomic Conditions. The sites of the proposed Jambi subproject are essentially urban areas. The sewer lines will be installed along urban roads. The proposed WWTP site at Kasang, an agricultural piece of land, is generally located in an urban area. Beyond its eastern border is an urban road (Jalan Setia Budi), while beyond the

1 This number includes the Makassar, Pekanbaru, Jambi, Cimahi and Palembang Subprojects. However, this has since been reduced to three (3) after the dropping of the Cimahi Subproject from the list, and the funding of the Palembang Subproject by the DFAT.

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northern and western borders is another urban road (Jalan Sultan Thaha). Tembuku Creek, the WWTP discharge point, is actually draining a large urban area towards the proposed WWTP site. The proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject is therefore not a new incursion to an ecologically untouched area. For socioeconomic indicators, Jambi city's total population in 2017 was 591,134 people with a density of 2,878 persons per km2. Rubber processing facilities dominate its large and medium industries. In 2017, its agricultural sector produced 5,509.5 tons of rice, 351.5 tons of maize, and more than 3,000 tons of other agricultural products.

6. Impacts and EMP. Screening for environmental impacts of the proposed Jambi sewerage system is made through a review of the parameters associated with sewerage projects against the components of the proposed sewage collection network and Kasang WWTP. An important consideration in analyzing the environmental impacts of the proposed subproject is the fact that its components are infrastructures for environmental improvement and for reducing the risk to public health from untreated sewage.

7. Adverse environmental impacts, during construction of the Jambi sewerage system, are temporary, less than significant, and can easily be mitigated. There will be no massive construction activities that can damage the environment. All open trenches shall be adequately shored and braced to provide a safe working environment. The contractor has a range of options to support the trench during pipe laying operations. Excavated soil is backfilled to the trench after pipelaying and surplus soil hauled to suitable disposal sites. Construction activities for the proposed WWTP at Kasang shall be confined in a site to be secured by the city government. Typical construction issues are manageable with the implementation of a contractor’s environmental management plan (CEMP) for the following: (i) erosion and sediment runoff, (ii) nuisance to the public, (iii) noise and dust, (iv) vehicular traffic, (v) construction wastes, (vi) oil and fuel spillages, (vii) construction camps, (viii) occupational health and safety, (ix) public safety and convenience, (x) proper closure of construction sites, and (xi) potential damage to any archaeological and cultural assets. During detailed design and pre-construction phase, potential nuisances and problems to the public during construction shall be addressed by inclusion in the tender documents of specific provisions addressing these issues.

8. Environmental problems due to the operation of the proposed Kasang WWTP can be avoided by incorporating the necessary measures in the design and use of appropriate operational procedures. The implementing unit of the proposed Kasang WWTP shall ensure that its plant operators are properly trained in operating the facility and in handling situations that may lead to poor quality effluents. Public health risk can be addressed by keeping the public away from the facility. A written health and safety manual shall be prepared for the Kasang WWTP’s operation.

9. An Environmental Management Plan for the Jambi sewerage subproject is developed to effectively manage the environmental issues. The plan includes: (i) mitigating measures to be implemented, (ii) required monitoring associated with the mitigating measures, and (iii) implementation arrangement. Institutional set-up discusses the requirements and responsibilities during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. The plan includes tabulated information on: (i) required measures for each environmental impact that requires mitigation, (ii) locations where the measures apply, (iii) associated cost, and (iv) responsibility for implementing the measures and monitoring.

10. Addressing Climate-Change Impacts. Most wastewater infrastructure consists of

transmission facilities, treatment facilities, and discharge bodies. As intense rainfall

increases, a sanitary sewer overflow will also increase resulting in impacts to the receiving

waters and system users. Climate change in drought prone areas will likely reduce the

stream and river base flows. Base flow is used to determine the effluent parameters

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required to be achieved by the wastewater treatment plant. The elevation of the nearby

flood control structure of approximately 9.5m is used in the base design for the finished

platform level of the proposed Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP. It is on a low-lying ground and

in close proximity to Tembuku stream. Changes in the intensity of extreme weather events

as well as gradual changes in climate parameters such as precipitation can be damaging to

the WWTP infrastructures. Inadequate attention to this impact can increase the long-term

costs of sewerage investments for Jambi City and increase the likelihood that such

investments will fail to deliver the benefits for which they were intended. Flooding could

affect the structural integrity of the proposed WWTP. Flooding can also prevent the WWTP

from operating by reducing the head available across the plant. It may also submerge

facility components that are supposed to be dry for proper operation. These situations may

result in the release of untreated sewage into the environment and increasing the risk to

public health. To appropriately address this impact, a simplified study was conducted for the

proposed site of Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP during the base design phase. Results of the

study has been used for designing the proposed WWTP and the preparation of engineering

specifications to ensure that it is less vulnerable to extreme flood events. 11. Climate change mitigation considerations will also be included in the design of the proposed Jambi’s City’s Kasang WWTP. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as gases as contributors to a very strong odor from bacterial or chemical processes produced by biological processes on the WWTP. Biogas produced from organic waste is a flammable gas. This gas is produced from the fermentation process of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria. However, the WWTP FBAS (Fixed Biofilm Activated Sludge) does not use an anaerobic process, so the emissions of methane gas produced are very small and can be minimized to a level that is suitable to be disposed of into the environment.

12. Institutional Setup and Capacity Building. The institutional setup from the top starts with the Ministry of Public Works as the executing agency of MSMIP with a Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) to be created under its Directorate of Development, Sanitation, Environment and Housing (PPLP), while the implementing agencies at the subproject level are two units working together, the Satuan Kerja (SATKER) for Jambi Province as the Provincial Project Implementation Unit (PPIU) and the Jambi City’s Local Project Management Unit (LPMU).

13. The CPMU shall appoint a staff, as Environment Officer for MSMIP, to oversee the implementation and monitoring of environmental safeguards requirements. The PPIU is the key implementation unit responsible for construction contracts’ supervision of the Jambi City subproject, while Jambi City’s LPMU coordinates the needed local inputs and resources. Environmental Officers will be designated in the PPIU and LPMU to effectively manage the environmental aspects of the Jambi City subproject and ensure implementation and monitoring of the EMP during construction. Close coordination between the contractors and the Environment Officer of the PPIU is needed to ensure good planning for mitigation measures and ensure the timely implementation.

14. A capacity building for Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP operators is proposed. It is one of the proactive ways to prevent the WWTP from discharging poor quality effluents by ensuring proper operation. The capacity building shall be divided into 2 parts. The first part shall be a hands-on training in a similarly operating WWTP in Indonesia, while the second part shall be the actual operation of the new WWTP with inputs from a WWTP advisor for a 3-month period intermittently, an important input for the WWTP start-up phase.

15. Consultation and Participation. Within the context of “meaningful consultation” per ADB’s SPS, Jambi City’s government initiated a process of consultation during project preparation and continued it during detailed design and construction phases. The city government conducted an initial public consultation and information disclosure last 21

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September 2012 with various stakeholders’ representatives, and concerned individuals. Details of the proposed subproject components were presented to the stakeholders and their views were requested. The initial public consultation was conducted in the Indonesian language. Issues that stakeholders raised include potential disturbances during construction and WWTP odor during operation. Stakeholders expressed support to the proposed subproject. The process of public consultation with various stakeholders continued during detailed design and construction phases. Public information activities were also conducted earlier during the preparation of Jambi’s Wastewater Master Plan in 2011.

16. Grievance Redress Mechanism. Implementation of the proposed Jambi sewerage subproject will be fully compliant to ADB’s safeguards requirement on grievance redress mechanism. Jambi City’s government disclosed the proposed mechanism during the initial public consultation last 21 September 2012. It will again be presented to stakeholders during detailed design when more subproject details are available and in meetings during the construction phase. Complaints about the environmental performance of the subproject during the construction phase can best be handled by various levels including the formation of an ad-hoc City Sewerage Environmental Complaints Committee (CSECC) for the expeditious resolution of the complaints, while complaints during the operation phase can be brought to the attention of Jambi’s Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH), the local environment agency. The CSECC shall be chaired by Jambi City’s LPMU head. Members shall include: (i) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or Construction Superintendent, (ii) village (Kelurahan) Chief or his representative, and (iii) a women organization’s representative. Creation of the ad-hoc CSECC and its operation shall be included in appropriate sections of the civil works contract.

17. Conclusion and Recommendation. Based on the screening for potential environmental impacts and risks of the proposed Jambi City subproject, there are no significant negative environmental impacts and risks that cannot be mitigated. With the EMP, the proposed Jambi City subproject can be implemented in an environmentally acceptable manner. There is no need for further environmental assessment study. A full EIA is not warranted and the subproject’s environmental classification as Category B is deemed appropriate. This IEE is therefore finalized building on the recently detailed engineering design, as the final environmental assessment document of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject up to date.

18. Implementation of the proposed Jambi City’s subproject is hereby recommended with emphasis on the following: (i) EMP of Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject shall be included in the design process; (ii) IEE Report/EMP shall be forwarded to the design consultant for consideration in the design process; (iii) Tendering process shall advocate environmentally responsible procurement by ensuring the inclusion of EMP provisions in the bidding and construction contract documents; (iv) Contractor’s submittal of a CEMP shall be included in the construction contract; (v) Contract provisions on creation and operation of the CSECC shall be included in construction contracts; (vi) Training of the WWTP operators on operation and maintenance of the WWTP shall be completed before actual operation; (vii) a WWTP advisor (consultant) shall be provided intermittently during the initial 3 months of operation to assist the operators in the start-up phase and also to correct any undesirable operating practices; (viii) Monitoring of health and safety requirements shall be given more importance during construction and operation to reduce risks to the public and to personnel; and (ix) Jambi City government, its LPMU, and the PPIU shall continue the process of public consultation and information disclosure during detailed design and construction phases.

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I. INTRODUCTION

1. Jambi City is in Jambi Province, Indonesia and one of the selected subprojects under the Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Investment Project (MSMIP) for the Republic of Indonesia (ADB TA 7993-INO) funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The objective of the Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) study was to assist the government of Indonesia (GOI) in preparing for funding consideration by ADB a project for urban sanitation management. It is intended to improve the livability and competitiveness of millions of city-dwellers in large Indonesian cities through interventions in sanitation management such as the provision of a sewerage system. It will improve access to sanitation services in selected urban areas.

2. Preparation of this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) was part of the activities of ADB TA 7993-INO. It provided ADB with an assessment of the environmental concerns to be considered regarding the subproject location, planning and design, construction, and operations and maintenance.

3. Preparation of the IEE involved field visits to the proposed subproject area; review of available information, discussions with local government officials, local government agencies, and members of the community within the subproject area.

4. The IEE has been carried out in accordance with ADB’s 2009 Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) and the requirements describe in its Appendix 1 (Safeguards Requirement 1: Environment) and the laws of the Republic of Indonesia as embodied in Environmental Protection and Management Law of 2009. For compliance with GOI requirements on environmental assessment, a separate Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) report will be prepared by the detailed design consultants during the detailed design phase. Compliance to GOI requirements shall be completed prior to any bidding/procurement process.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

5. The policy, legal, and administrative frameworks relevant to the environmental assessment of infrastructure projects in the Republic of Indonesia have been established by the following laws and regulations: (i) Environmental Management Law of 1997 (Law No. 23/1997), (ii) Environmental Protection and Management Law of 2009, and (iii) Environmental Permit Regulation (Government Regulation No.27/2012).

6. The Environmental Management Law (Law No. 23/1997) required the conduct of environmental assessment of infrastructure projects. This law strengthened the enforcement of the Indonesian environmental assessment system (AMDAL). Government Regulation No.27/1999 was issued, requiring actions to implement the environmental assessment system. Formal guidance on the preparation of environmental assessment was issued by Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 16 of 2012.

7. To further improve the AMDAL system, the Environment Minister of State issued in 2006 Regulation No.11 which clarifies the guidelines of categorizing projects and the type of environmental assessment documents to be submitted by project proponents. Under the AMDAL system, proposed projects must be screened for coverage and compliance. Proposed projects are categorized into: (i) projects requiring Environmental Management Plan (Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan, UKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan, UPL); (ii) projects requiring an EIA report which include an Environmental Impact Analysis (Analisis Dampak Lingkungan, ANDAL), UKL

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and UPL; and (iii) projects that do not require AMDAL or UKL/UPL. Regulation No.11of 2006 provides an extensive list of screening and sector-specific criteria to this effect.

8. In 2009, the Environmental Protection and Management Law of 2009 replaced the Environmental Management Law of 1997 (Law No. 23/1997). Recently, the Environmental Permit Regulation of 2012 was issued citing the need to implement certain provisions of the Environmental Protection and Management Law of 2009. This new regulation requires all project owners to apply for an environmental permit to the appropriate government authority (minister of environment, governor or mayor) before project implementation. It prescribed the process for environmental permitting and reaffirms GOI’s AMDAL processes and requirements. Presently, the local environment agencies, Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH), of the subproject cities are still waiting for the issuance of the implementing guidelines for the Environmental Permit Regulation of 2012.

9. Under AMDAL regulation, a proposed WWTP for domestic wastewater that will require an area of more than 3 hectares or will serve a population of more than 100,000 shall be required to prepare an AMDAL report. The Jambi subproject will require an area of more than the 3-hectare criterion. It will therefore be required to prepare an AMDAL. Preparation of the AMDAL will be done by the detailed design consultants during the detailed design phase as agreed by ADB and GOI. This will be funded by the GOI.

10. Application for Environmental Permit and AMDAL shall be done at the same time as provided for by Environmental Permit Regulation (No.27/2012). The regulation requires that application for environmental permit shall be accompanied by environmental assessment documents (ANDAL and UKL/UPL), business legal documents, and business profile document. Information on the process for environmental permit and AMDAL processing and timelines is presented in Appendix 1. 11. A permit to discharge will also be required for the proposed Jambi WWTP under the city’s regulation for WWTPs. Information on the process for discharge permit is presented in Appendix 2. 12. International Conventions. Some international conventions are part of the environmental framework since the Republic of Indonesia is a party to some international conventions, treaties and agreements on the principles and actions necessary for sustainable development and environmental protection. It has ratified on 1994 both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. These international conventions explicitly reference the application of environmental assessment to address the effects of human activities. The Convention on Biological Diversity, in particular, promotes the use of appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity.

13. Sewerage Laws and Regulations. The framework on wastewater management system development in Indonesia is provided by Public Works Regulation No.16/PRT/M/2008 on National Strategy and Policy in Domestic Wastewater Management. Law No.4/1992 on Housing and Settlements mandates that sewerage systems shall be provided. It requires public utilities for wastewater systems to be operated professionally to provide adequate public services. Law No.7/2004 on Water Resources also cites the need for sanitation infrastructures for the protection and preservation of water resources. Effluent standard for wastewater treatment plants are regulated under the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 68 of 2016 on Domestic Wastewater Quality which allows effluent discharge with maximum biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 30 mg/l; total suspended solids of 30 mg/l; chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 100 mg/l; total coliform of 3000/100ml among others.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Location

14. Jambi’s proposed sewerage system under MSMIP shall cover the sub-districts of Jambi Timur and Pasar Jambi, part of the priority areas of Zone 1 in Jambi’s Wastewater Infrastructure Master Plan. The location of the WWTP will be in Kasang Jaya Village, East Jambi Sub-District (5.3115 ha) while the pumping station (2,111 m2) and the access to the pump station (411 m2) will be in the Rajawali Village, East Jambi Sub-District. The proposed sewerage system will serve 44,500 people through 10,300 connections (8,900 domestic and 1,400 commercial service connections) by 2018.

Figure 3.1. Location Map of Proposed Jambi Sewerage System

Source: PPTA Consultants

B. Components and Cost Estimate

15. The Jambi sanitation management and investment program consist of a wastewater treatment facility, and accompanying improved sewerage network. The proposed Pekanbaru’s sewerage network will have a total of 40.489 km with a total 20.753 km will be funded by ADB and 19.736 km will be funded by APBN. The detail can be seen in Table 3.1 below.

Table 3.1. Proposed Jambi Sewerage Network (to be funded by ADB and APBN)

PACKAGE B2 (to be funded by ADB)

TYPE OF PIPES DIAMETER (mm) TYPE OF PIPE LENGTH (m)

TRUNK 450 RCP 510 600 RCP 399 700 RCP 265 900 RCP 847

4

PACKAGE B2 (to be funded by ADB)

TYPE OF PIPES DIAMETER (mm) TYPE OF PIPE LENGTH (m)

1,000 RCP 121 1,200 RCP 420

2,562

LATERAL 200 PVC 1,403 250 PVC 1,238 300 PVC 71 350 PVC 2,535 400 PVC 739 650 HDPE 240

6,226

SERVICE 150 PVC 11,965

11,965

TOTAL 20,753

PACKAGE C (to be funded by APBN)

TYPE OF PIPES DIAMETER (mm) TYPE OF PIPE LENGTH (m)

TRUNK 450 RCP 594

500 RCP 263

600 RCP 266

700 RCP 504

800 RCP 876

1,000 RCP 190

2,693

LATERAL 200 PVC 486

250 PVC 611

300 PVC 243

350 PVC 27

400 PVC 977

650 HDPE -

2,344

SERVICE 150 PVC 14,699

14,699

TOTAL 19,736 Source: PPTA Consultants 16. Wastewater from the sewer network system will drain to a 7.6-MLD Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located at Kasang near the Rajawali village, Pasar Jambi Sub-district and just beside the Tembuku Stream. WWTP’s effluent discharge point is the Tembuku Stream. A wastewater treatment plant is locally known in Bahasa as “Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL)”. The WWTP will be a Fixed Bed Biofilm Activated Sludge (FBAS) system as indicated in the process flow diagram (Figure 3.2) with a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) load of 1.52 tons per day (tpd).

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Figure 3.2. Process Flow Diagram of Proposed Kasang WWTP

Note: Before discharging to Batanghari river, effluent is first discharged to the Tembuku Stream

17. FBAS is a domestic wastewater treatment technology that utilizes a variety of natural and engineered media to provide habitat for bacterial cultures with a variety of fixed/ film forms that metabolize contaminants in wastewater.

Figure 3.3. Process of Utilizing Natural Media to Metabolize Pollutant

18. The first medium is plant roots as a natural biofilm. Plants are located at the top of the reactor, with their roots immersed in the contents of the reactor. Plant roots function as a biofilm medium above ~ 0.5 m below the water surface. The water plants used, among them are the types of Azolla sp and Spirodela sp. The second biofilm media is synthetic, installed under the root plant to provide the surface of the biofilm media in the deeper part of the reactor. Due to its specific media structure, these unique Biofilms will develop higher amounts of biomass in a fixed form in the reactor (without recirculation of sludge used, so that the amount of suspended biomass can be found in the system is not significant). This results in a higher sludge retention time (SRT) in the same reactor volume and more stable operation. The retention time in the FBAS is 3 to 4 hours.

6

So that the quality of effluent is in accordance with the domestic wastewater quality standards set by the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 68 of 2016 (LHK Regulation No. 68/2016) concerning the Quality of Domestic Wastewater. More detail info regarding the species to be developed in the processing of WWTP is a patent that has not been published. This will be known after the operation of WWTP is carried out as a transfer of knowledge. 19. During the process, adsorption, flocculation and oxidation of organic matter occur. The main unit process is:

1. Pre-treatment a. Removal of fine screens, grit and fat -oil-and-grease (FOG) b. Equalization tank

2. Biological Treatment a. Multi-zone FCR reactor with 6 zones on each reactor train

3. Secondary Phase Separation a. Secondary clarifier

4. Disinfection a. UV Disinfection

5. Sludge Treatment a. Sludge storage tank b. Sludge thickening and dewatering

Figure 3.4. Fixed Bed Activated Sludge Process

20. A Fixed Biofilm Activated Sludge (FBAS) system commonly include an aeration tank, which is used for biological degradation, and a secondary clarifier (sedimentation tank), where the sludge in separated from the treated wastewater. The first step of a FBAS system is the aeration basin, where the wastewater is mixed with air to activate micro-organisms. While digesting the wastewater, the organisms collide with each other, forming larger articles called flocs, which have a larger capacity to degrade the biological components of the wastewater. The aeration basin is followed by a secondary clarifier or settling tank. During this step, micro-organisms with their adsorbed organic material settle. Water from the clarifier is transferred to UV chamber for disinfection and final discharge.

21. The proposed WWTP has been designed to achieve effluent quality that follows Environment Minister Decree No. 68 of 2016 on Domestic Wastewater Quality as shown in the following Table 3.2 below:

Table 3.2. Requirements under Environment Minister Decree No. 68 of 2016

Parameter Unit Ministry of Environment Decree

No. 68/2016

pH

6 – 9

BOD ppm 30

7

Parameter Unit Ministry of Environment Decree

No. 68/2016

TSS ppm 30

COD ppm 100

Ammonia ppm 10

Fat, Oil and Grease ppm 5

E. Coli Count/ 100 ml

3000

Debit L/person/day 100

Source: Environment Minister Decree No. 68 of 2016.

22. Total Jambi subproject’s cost is estimated at US$48.43 million. The detail can be seen in the current status of contract preparation below.

Table 3.3. Current status of contract preparation

Source: Monthly Report No.16 January 2019

C. Construction

23. Jambi WWTP construction shall require: (i) site clearing and marking of alignments, (ii) stockpiling of construction materials, (iii) construction of new structures, (iv) construction of embankments, (v) construction of ponds and buildings, (vi) concreting for required tanks, (vii) installation of piping systems, (viii) installation of electro-mechanical equipment (ix) cleaning and closure of construction sites. The WWTP site will be backfilled with clean fill materials and there will be no site excavations for the ponds. 24. The proposed sewer pipe from the sewerage system in Jambi must be placed in a ditch along the specified city roads. These roads are: 1) Jl. Sultan Thaha; 2) Jl.DR.Setiabudi; 3) Jl. Brigjen Katamso; 4) Jl. Gunung Guntur; 5) Jl. Raja Batu; and 6) Jl. Tarumanegara etc. Keys must be excavated in leveling and height as shown in the construction drawings with any deviations that must be approved by the supervisor engineer representing the city. All open trenches must be provided with adequate protection and protection to provide a safe work environment. Depending on the severity of the condition, the contractor may choose to use tight sheets, skeleton sheets, still reinforce, trench jacks, trench guards or boxes to support trenches during pipe installation operations. The location of the service area where this option applies is listed in Table 3.3 and Figure 3.5.

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Table 3.4. Location of Piping Network and Service Area

Activity Location Explanation Piping Network

➢ Jambi Timur Sub District: a. Kel. Sulanjana b. Kel. Budiman c. Kel. Talang Banjar d. Kel. Tanjung Pinang e. Kel. Rajawali

➢ Pasar Jambi Sub District:

a. Kel. Beringin b. Kel. Sungai Asam c. Kel. Orang Kayo Hitam d. Kel. Pasar Jambi

• Pipe length: 40.49 km • Services area: 328.5 Ha • Population services: 44,500 people • Connection:

10,300 House connection • Diameter: 150-1,200 mm • Type of Pipe: - Trunk: RCP - Lateral: PVC, HDPE - Service: PVC

• Excavation depth 1-7.5 m

Source: DED WWTP in Jambi City, 2013 (Updated 12 Maret 2019)

25. All pipe, fittings, and accessories shall be carefully lowered into the trench piece by piece by means of a derrick, ropes, slings, or other suitable tools or equipment in such a manner as to prevent damage to the sewer main materials and any protective coatings. Pipe and fittings shall be embedded in the trench with the invert conforming to the required elevations, slopes, and alignment, and with the pipe bottom uniformly and continuously supported by a firm bedding and foundation. All pipe joints shall be assembled in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. The laid pipelines shall be backfilled with suitable earth materials prescribed in the construction contracts and shall be compacted to the required standards. Compaction will be done to ensure that the pavement sub-grade will not settle and adversely affect the pavement. 26. The pipe network plan and Kasang WWTP is shown in the figure below.

Figure 3.5. Outline plan WWTP and Sewerage Jambi City’s

Source: PPTA Consultants

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27. Pipeline Leakage Tests. Before acceptance of the owner of the installed sewer pipeline, leakage tests will be conducted by the supervising engineer representing the city to provide assurance that the pipeline is free from significant leaks. The tests may include low pressure air exfiltration or water exfiltration. Exfiltration’s of sewer pipeline between manholes will be measured and shall not exceed the allowable standards for ex-filtrations. 28. Restoration and Clean-up. After the sewer pipeline trench are backfilled and the pipeline accepted by the owner, the contractor will restore and/or replace paving, curbing, sidewalks, gutters, shrubbery, fences, sod, or other disturbed surfaces or structures to a condition equal to that which existed before the construction work began. The provisions for these restoration activities are usually included in standard construction contracts for sewer pipeline installations. Prior to demobilization, the contractor will remove all surplus pipeline materials, tools and temporary structures resulting from the work. The contractor will also remove and dispose all debris, excess earth from excavations, and construction solid wastes. Standard construction contracts for sewer pipeline installations also contain these provisions.

D. Implementation and Operation

29. Detailed engineering design of the Jambi subproject will start on second quarter of 2019. Construction is scheduled to start on fourth quarter of 2019 and expected to be completed on the second quarter of 2022 Jambi ‘s new sewerage system is expected to be operational by third quarter of 2022.

E. Changes in treatment process Technology at Jambi

30. Previous to this IEE update, the subproject was designed as a facultative aerated pond system. Subsequent development during the intervening period between the project preparation technical assistance (PPTA) and detailed engineering design phase, most especially with the issuance of the Environment Minister Decree No. 68 of 2016 on Domestic Wastewater Quality, prompted the identification, and assessment of technology options needed for the decision of the local government of Jambi. 31. The local government officials of Jambi were presented by the DGHS supported by the PISC2 with the following options i) aerated lagoon + polisher; ii) conventional activated sludge; and iii) fixed-bed biofilm activated sludge (FBAS). The comparison between the Facultative Aerated Pond Systems and the options prepared by the DGHS supported by PISC are shown in the table below.

Table 3.5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wastewater Treatment Plant Options

Wastewater Treatment Technology Options

Advantages3 Disadvantages

Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS)4. The CAS system commonly include an aeration tank, which is used for biological degradation, and a secondary clarifier (sedimentation tank), where the sludge is separated from the treated wastewater.

• Flexible, robust, cost effective, and can adapt to minor pH, organic and temperature changes

• Small foot print area (small land area requirement)

• Degree of nitrification is controllable

• Relatively minor odor problems

• High operating costs (skilled labor, electricity, etc.)

• Generates solids requiring sludge disposal

• Some process alternatives are sensitive to shock loads and metallic or other poisons

• Requires continuous air

2 Project Implementation Support Consultant. 3 http://www.academia.edu/14996608/Type_of_Activated_Sludge_Treatment_Advantages_Disadvantages 4 http://www.onevproject.com/type-of-system/conventional-activated-sludge-systems-cas/ http://www.academia.edu/14996608/Type_of_Activated_Sludge_Treatment_Advantages_Disadvantages

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Wastewater Treatment Technology Options

Advantages3 Disadvantages

• Very efficient in removing BOD, COD and nutrients

• Easy to maintain with high accessibility

• Self-sustaining system

supply

• If there is a sudden increase in the volume of sewage or if there is sudden change in the character of sewage, there are adverse effects on the performance of the process

• The wet sludge obtained at the end of process requires suitable method for its disposal

Facultative Aerated Pond (FAP) System. The FAP system is a biological waste treatment system using stabilization ponds with mechanical aerators to put more oxygen (air) into the wastewater. With higher oxygen transfer the ponds can have smaller hydraulic retention time resulting to smaller requirement for volumes and land area. Top of ponds have aerobic conditions, while the bottom is anaerobic. Both aerobic and anaerobic processes occur within the pond. The top layer of the pond receives oxygen from aerators, while the lower layer is deprived of oxygen and becomes anoxic or anaerobic. Settleable solids accumulate and digested at the bottom of the pond. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms work together to achieve good BOD reductions.

• Moderately effective in

removing settleable solids,

BOD, pathogens, fecal

coliform, and ammonia.

• Easy to operate.

• Require little energy, with

systems designed to

operate with gravity flow.

• The quantity of removed

material will be relatively

small compared to other

secondary treatment

processes.

• Settled sludges and inert

material require periodic

removal.

• Difficult to control or predict

ammonia levels in effluent.

• Mosquitos and similar

insect vectors can be a

problem if emergent

vegetation is not controlled.

• Requires relatively large

areas of land.

The Fixed-Bed BioFilm Activated Sludge (FBAS). The FBAS process is an essentially an activated sludge attached growth process where the plant roots provide the area for the biofilm to develop and grow. The aeration system is divided into a series of biological reactors where fixed biofilm is maintained in every stage of the process. Biodegradation of influent contaminants takes place mainly with the help of fixed biological cultures, where plant roots are used as biofilm carriers; additional textile media is used in the reactors as additional biofilm carriers. As a standard feature of the technology the reactors are covered by a shading structure or a greenhouse. As the influent travels through the cascade, the available nutrient quantity is consumed and as a result, the composition of the

• Small foot print area • Aesthetic design • Flexibility on improvement

towards a tighter effluent standard in the future including phosphate, ammonia and nitrate.

• Efficient oxygen and energy consumption

• High operating costs (skilled labor, electricity, etc.)

• High investment cost • Because of higher

automation the technology is not attractive for smaller sizes of plants.

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Wastewater Treatment Technology Options

Advantages3 Disadvantages

ecosystem fixed in the biofilm changes from reactor to reactor, gradually adapting itself to the decreasing nutrient concentration5. Source: PISC (compiled from various sources)

32. The local government officials opted for the Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS) in September 2018. However, when PISC inspected the site in December 2018, they found that it was located 4m below the flood level of the adjacent Batang Hari river. Accordingly, to prevent the risk of the completed being completely submerged during a flood event, it is necessary to raise the plant above the flood level. Existing ground conditions comprise soft clay to a depth of 8-10 m which may be unable to support up to 5 meters of fill without undergoing significant settlement. As a result, it was decided that a similar piling solution to Pekanbaru would be required. The treatment process type should also be changed to occupy a reduced footprint thus remaining within the agreed loan amount (Source: QPR No. 5).

F. Treatment Capacity

33. Treatment capacity shall be determined to be fully compatible and workable to suit the inflows given in the Table below which will vary with time after completion of wastewater network in 2020 until full capacity is reached (expected by 2027)6.

Table 3.6. Treatment Capacity

Parameter Units Value Remarks

Plant Flow

Average dry weather influent flow (ADWF)

m3/day 7,600

Minimum flow at WWTP L/s 7 Minimum flow to be properly treated

Maximum flow received from network. L/s 176 Anticipated maximum output from TPS. Design hydraulic capacity of WWTP.

Key Plant Feed Characteristics

Feed biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

mg/L 200 From collection system and septage

Feed total suspended solids (TSS) mg/L 200 From collection system and septage

5 Comparative Study of Different Technologies for Treating Municipal Wastewater- A Review, IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 2 | Issue 11 | April 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010. 6 Source: Bidding Document-Section 6

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

34. A brief description of the existing environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the Jambi City subproject influence area is presented in the following subsections:

A. Physical Resources

35. Jambi City is located in the middle of Sumatra Island between 01°30’2.98" to 01°7’1.07" south latitude and 103°40’1.67" to 103°40’0.23" east longitude. The city is in Muaro Jambi Regency. Based on Government Regulation No. 6 of 1986, Jambi City has an area of ± 205.38 km², consists of 8 districts, with the administrative center in the district of Kota Baru, namely: District of Kota Baru (77.78 km², 37,87%), District of Jambi Selatan (34.07 km², 16.59%), District of Jelutung (7.92 km², 3.86 %), District of Pasar Jambi (4.02 km², 1.96 %), District of Telanaipura (30.39 km², 14.80 %), District of Danau Teluk (15.70 km², 7.44 %), District of Pelayangan (15.29 km², 15.29 %), and District of East Jambi (20.21 km², 9.84 %). 36. Topography. Jambi City’s topography consists of: (i) mostly flat, 0-2% slope, 11,326 ha, (ii) wavy, 2-15% slope, 8,081 ha, and a slightly steep, 15-40% slope, 41.0 ha. It has an altitude range of 10 to 60 m above sea level. Altitude of its districts are: Pasar Jambi, Pelayangan, and Lake Teluk an altitude of 0 to10 meters above sea level, while Telanaipura, Jambi Selatan, Jambi Timur, and Kotabaru mostly located at an altitude of to 40 meters above sea level. 37. Geology and Soils. Soil types in Jambi are Gleisol Hidrik, Podsolik Gleik, Alluvial and Podsolik. From all the type of soil, podsolik is type of soil which dominant widely at 10,082 hectares, but another type of soil, alluvial, gleisol hidrik and podsolik gleik each area of 9,600 hectares, 796 hectares, and 60 hectares. Podsolik soil are scattered in Telanaipura sub-district, Kota Baru, Jelutung, and Jambi Selatan and generally alluvial soil found in plains area such as Lake Teluk and Pelayangan. 38. The texture of the soil in the city of Jambi can be differentiated into types of fine, medium and coarse. Land with a smooth texture occupies an area of approximately 3,579 hectares or 17.43% of the whole area, being an area of 15,381 hectares texture or covering 74.89% and coarse texture covering an area of 488 hectares or 2.38% of the area of the whole city of Jambi 39. Indonesia has 6 earthquake zones: earthquake zone 1-2 for minor earthquake, earthquake zone 3-4 for moderate earthquake, and earthquake zone 5-6 for severe earthquake. Jambi is in earthquake zone 2, minor earthquake zone. (Source: Procedure of Earthquake Resistance Planning for Building, Indonesia National Standard/SNI 03-1726-2003). The map of earthquake zone and peak acceleration of bedrock can be seen in Figure 4.1. The value of peak acceleration of bedrock should be calculated in the structural design of buildings to ensure safety. 40. Water Resources. Area with high potential ground water is in South of Jambi. Aquifer system can be seen in depth between 170 to 200 m below ground level, with final coefficient (K0 between 7,1 x 10-2 m/day with coefficient T (T) between 12.1-36,2 m2/day. Ground water quantity showed by ground water level (GWL) between 0 – 14 mbmt. Deep well from this aquifer system can produce 0.1 - 0.3 l /s/ m with optimum discharge from 11,7 to 41,.2 l/s. Groundwater quality generally is good and comply with drinking water requirements.

41. Regional ground water potential was occupying the valley between hills or foothills located between the Jambi city to the hills to the west. Aquifer system is found at depths of 150-170 MBT with values of k between 4,2 x 10-2 – 4,6 x 10-2 m/ day and T between 6,9 – 7,1 m2/day, GWL depth of 0,5 to 12,2 mbmt, Qs average about 0,1 l/s/m and QOP average

13

between 5,9 – 6,9 l/s, ground water quality generally comply with the requirements of drinking water.

Figure 4.1. Indonesia Earthquake Zones

Jambi City

Source: Procedure of Earthquake Resistance Planning for Building, Indonesia National Standard/SNI 03-1726-2003

42. With regards to rivers and lakes, Batanghari River flows along approximately 500 km, from the Bukit Barisan mountain in the province of West Sumatra and pass Jambi into the Strait Berhala. According to Master Plan PDAM Tirta Mayang, area of DAS Batanghari is 37.500 km2 that covering part of West Sumatera Province, Bengkulu and Jambi. The main rivers that flow in the city of Jambi which are tributary streams of River Batanghari are: Kenali Kecil River, Kenali Besar River, Asam River, Lubuk Oman River, Selincah River, Maram River, and Tembuku (Table 4.1).

Table 4.1. Rivers in Jambi City

No River Length (km) Width (m) Depth (m)

1 Batang Hari 17.56 495 -

2 Kenali Besar 12.19 3 0.7

3 Maram 14.37 4 1

4 Selincah 14.25 3 0.6

5 Kambang 43.09 - -

6 Putri 20.78 - -

7 Lubuk Oman 99.28 - -

8 Tembuku 59.21 - -

Source: PPM – DAS Research Institute of Jambi University. 2011

43. The discharge point of the proposed WWTP is Tembuku Stream. This stream drains a large area of the city. Water quality of this stream indicates that it is receiving domestic wastewater (Table 4.2). It exceeded water quality standard of Grade II Government Regulation No. 82/2001 for the allotment of river infrastructure / facilities of water recreation, freshwater aquaculture, livestock, water for irrigating crops. The average BOD concentration was 84.5 mg /L and the average concentration was 98.5 mg COD /L. Water quality analysis was done at Sijenjang near Pasar Kasang - Jambi Hilir (downstream part), a location near the proposed WWTP site.

14

Table 4.2. Water Quality of Tembuku Stream

No Parameter Unit Max Monitoring Average March Sep

1 pH - 6.0-9.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 2 TDS Mg/l 1,000 172 229 200.5 3 DHL ųS/cm - 381 545 463.0 4 Temperature

oC

Deviation 3 27.9 31.1 29.5

Water Temperature

Deviation 3 30 28.6 29.3

5 Color Pt.Co - 272 550 411.0 6 Turbidity FAU - 33 123 78.0 7 TSS mg/l 50 24 110 67.0 8 Amonia mg/l - 0.6 8.2 4.4 9 DO mg/l - 0.6 8.2 4.4 10 BOD5 mg/l 3 71 98 84.5 11 COD mg/l 25 83 114 98.5

Source: Jambi Environmental Office, 2011

44. Surface Water Quality of Batang Hari River. During the preparation of the ANDAL for the WWTP in 2014, a comprehensive water quality sampling and laboratory testing was conducted in Tembuku and Batang Hari Rivers. The results of the laboratory tests showed that at the time of the sampling and testing, all of the parameters with the exception of suspended residues, and BOD5, were still within the GoI Regulation No. 82/2003 which was the standard of comparison used at that time as shown in the table below.

Table 4.3. Surface Water Quality

No. Parameter Unit

Standard Quality

PPRI (GoI Regulation No.82/2003)

Laboratory Test Result

Up Stream Tembuku

River

Down Stream

Tembuku River

Up Stream Batang Hari

River

Down Stream Batang Hari

River

A. Physical

1. Temperature 0C deviation 3 29.2 29.3 29.2 29.1 2. Dissolved Residue mg/L 1000 44 48 64 46 3. Suspended residue mg/L 50 70 74 82 80

4. Debit m3/sev - 0.30 0.24 17.01 24.04 B. Chemical

1. pH - 6-9 6.8 6.4 7.1 7.0

2. BOD (5 days 20C) mg/L 3 10 12 7 10

3. COD mg/L 25 19 23 13 20 4. DO mg/L 4 4 4 4 4 5. Total phosphate as P mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.04 0.04 0.05 6. Nitrate (NO3-N) mg/L 10 1 1 0.5 0.2 7. Dissolved cobalt mg/L 0,2 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 8. Boron mg/L 1 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 9. Dissolved cadmium mg/L 0.01 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 10. Chromium (VI) mg/L 0.05 0.003 < 0.002 0.05 0.05 11. Dissolved copper mg/L 0.02 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 < 0.007 12. Dissolved Pb mg/L 0.03 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 < 0.008 13. Dissolved zinc mg/L 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 14. Cyanide mg/L 0.02 0.003 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 15. Dissolved fluoride mg/L 1.5 0.05 0.3 0.02 0.1 16. Nitrite as N mg/L 0.06 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.004 17. Free chlorine mg/L 0.03 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 18. Sulfur as H2S mg/L 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 C. Microbiology

15

No. Parameter Unit

Standard Quality

PPRI (GoI Regulation No.82/2003)

Laboratory Test Result

Up Stream Tembuku

River

Down Stream

Tembuku River

Up Stream Batang Hari

River

Down Stream Batang Hari

River

1. Fecal coliform Total/100ml 1000 110 140 90 100 2. Total coliform Total /100ml 5000 1600 1800 1400 1700 D. Organic Chemical

1. Oil and Fat μg/L 1000 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 2. Detergent as MBAS μg/L 200 63 26 23 16 3. Phenol μg/L 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1

Source : Primary Data, ANDAL WWTP Jambi City Document 2014.

45. Based on the field observations, the visual quality of the surface water around the location of the WWTP at that time indicated that the level of turbidity in the water body is high as indicated by the color of the water. The high turbidity is estimated to be influenced by activities around the planned location where the condition of the receiving water body is still widely used by local residents as toilet (MCK) places. 46. Jambi has lakes with varying volume Table 4.4.

Table 4.4. Lakes in Jambi

No Lakes Area (Ha) Volume (m3)

1 Kiambang 23 690,000

2 Teluk 63 2,205,000

3 Teluk Kenali 47 1,692,000

4 Sipin 94 3,760,000

Total 227 8,347,000

Source: PPM – DAS Research Institute of Jambi University. 2011

47. Climate. Jambi City has a tropical climate with two different seasons but is not in the tropical storm risk zone. In 2011, the city received a total rainfall of 2,296 mm/year (average 191.34 mm/month), the rainy season of which occurred during the months of October to March with average rainy days of 20 days/month, while the dry season occurred during the months of April-September with an average rainfall of 16 days/month. In 2017, the city had a total annual rainfall of 2,387 mm with an average of about 199 mm/month. During this same period, there were a total number of 244 rain days or an average of 20.33 days per month. Rainfall of over 200 mm were experienced during the months of November (highest at 340mm) through December, April, June, September and October. The month with the highest number of days was December while the lowest was June. The month of July which had the lowest amount of rainfall had 17 rain days while November which had the highest amount of rainfall had 18 rain days. The monthly rainfall amounts and number of rain days per month is shown in the table below.

Table 4.5. Number of Rainfall (mm) and Rain Days by Month in Jambi City, 2017

Months Rainfall (mm) Rain Days

January 129 20 February 191 21 March 196 23 April 298 24 May 158 22 June 233 15 July 55 17 August 68 19 September 216 21 October 230 19

16

Months Rainfall (mm) Rain Days

November 340 18 December 273 25 Total 2,387 244

Source: Jambi Meteorological Station, Jambi in Figures 2018.

48. In 2011, the average temperature of Jambi City ranged from 26.1˚C to 27.5˚C. The maximum temperature was 34.8˚C in May, and the minimum temperature was 21,0˚C in December. In 2017, the city’ average annual temperature was 26.99˚C ranging from 26.5˚C (in February) to 27.2˚C (during the months of May, June and November). The city’ maximum temperature was experienced during the month of January (35.4˚C) while the minimum was experienced during the months of February and June (21.5˚C). The city’ average annual maximum and minimum temperature was 34.1 ˚C and 22.1 ˚C, respectively. The maximum, minimum and average temperature by month is shown in the table below. Table 4.6. Maximum, Minimum and Average-Temperature by Month in Jambi City 2017

(oC)

Month Temperature

Maximum Minimum Average January 35.4 22.0 27.1 February 33.5 21.5 26.5 March 34.4 22.0 26.8 April 34.2 22.8 26.9 May 33.4 22.5 27.2 June 34.0 21.5 27.2 July 33.8 22.4 26.8 August 33.6 21.6 27.0 September 34.1 22.1 27.1 October 34.6 23.4 27.1 November 34.0 21.7 27.2 December 34.4 21.6 26.9

Source: Jambi Meteorological Station, Jambi in Figures 2018.

49. In 2011, the average humidity ranged from 77% to 85%. In 2017, this average humidity ranged from 82% (in May) to 85% during the months of March, June, October and December for an average annual humidity of 83.83%. During the same period, the maximum humidity was recorded at 100% for eight (8) months of the year, and the minimum at 42% in January as shown in the table below.

Table 4.7. Maximum, Minimum and the Average of Humidity (Percent) by Month in Jambi City, 2017

Months Maximum humidity Minimum humidity Average humidity January 98 42 83 February 100 52 84 March 100 56 85 April 100 58 83 May 100 59 82 June 99 57 85 July 100 55 84 August 99 49 82 September 100 51 84 October 98 58 85 November 100 52 84 December 100 56 85

Source: Jambi Meteorological Station, Jambi in Figures 2018.

17

50. In 2011, the monthly wind velocities were evenly spread, ranging from 16 knots to 24 knots. In 2017, the wind velocity ranged from 3 knots (June) to 8 knots (February) with an annual average of 5.7 knots. The annual average atmospheric pressure was 1007.8 mb with a monthly average ranging from 1,005.7 mb (November) to 1,010.9 mb (in April). During the same period, the annual average sun illumination is 4.25 hours per month with a monthly average ranging from 3.0 (February) to 5.7 (May). These parameters are presented in the table below.

Table 4.8. Condition of Wind Velocity, Atmospheric Pressure and Sun Illumination by Month in Jambi City, 2017

Months Wind Velocity

(Knot) Average Atmospheric Pressure

(mb) Average Sun

Illumination (hours) January 7 1,007.1 3.8 February 8 1,008.3 3.0 March 6 1,007.8 4.0 April 3.7 1,010.9 4.1 May 6 1,007.2 5.7 June 3 1,007.9 5.1 July 7 1,008.3 5.1 August 7 1,007.9 4.8 September 7 1,008.3 5.0 October 6 1,007.5 3.7 November 4 1,005.7 3.3 December 4 1,007.1 3.4

Source: Jambi Meteorological Station, Jambi in Figures 2018. Note: 1 Knot = 1.8 Km/hr

51. Relative to climate change, information on climate change projections specific for Jambi City is not yet available. GOI’s Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics Agency, the Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) is still preparing its climate change projections. 52. Air Quality and Noise. In January to March 2012, concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) at Jambi ranged between 73.28 to 78.77 ug/m3. Rain water pH ranged between 4.59 to 5.50. Jambi Environmental Office measured of SO2, NH3, NO2, and O3 (Table 4.9 and 4.10). 53. Noise standards applicable in Jambi is GOI’s Decree of Environment Ministry No.48/1996 which provides maximum noise limits of 55 dB(A) near schools and residential areas, 65 dB(A) for commercial and office areas, and 60 dB(A) for government facilities.

Table 4.9. Air Quality at Office Areas and Roads

No Parameter Unit Measurement Time

Location Office Transportation

1 SO2 ug/Nm3 15 days 3,534 2,895 2 NH3 ug/Nm3 15 days 3,916 3,189 3 NO2 ug/Nm3 15 days 83,468 46,814 4 O3 ug/Nm3 15 days 8,918 19,812

Table 4.10. Air Quality at Residential Areas and Industry

No Parameter Unit Measurement Time

Location Residential Industry/Hospital

1 SO2 ug/Nm3 15 days 3,534 0,448 2 NH3 ug/Nm3 15 days 22,811 18,331 3 NO2 ug/Nm3 15 days 67,095 69,133 4 O3 ug/Nm3 15 days 16,903 18,981

18

B. Ecological Resources

54. Jambi is a city and the proposed WWTP site is within the city in a generally urban area at Kasang, East Jambi Sub-district near the Rajawali village. This proposed 6-ha WWTP site is presently an agricultural area planted with a water-based vegetable known locally as “kangkung”. The site is aligned towards the northeast. Strips of “kangkung” fields bordered the site in the north and west. The west is also bounded by the Tembuku Stream. The east is bounded by land with vegetation, residential and commercial structures. The southern part is bounded by “kangkung” plots, residential areas, and an elementary school. This site has a much lower elevation compared to its surrounding areas in the east, west, and south.

Figure 4 2. Satellite Photo of Proposed WWTP Site

Photo source: Google Earth. 2018.

55. Beyond the eastern border is an urban road (Jalan Setia Budi), while beyond the northern and western borders is another urban road (Jalan Sultan Thaha). Tembuku Stream is actually draining a large urban area towards the proposed WWTP site and exits before eventually discharging into the Batang Hari River (Figure 4.2). Tembuku Stream is therefore carrying domestic wastewater and urban solid wastes. This creek overflows into the site during heavy rains. Consequently, this site is not within undisturbed landscape and can be viewed as a small agricultural patch of land in a basically urban landscape. Since the Kasang WWTP site is devoid of forested areas, it is not a habitat for large wild animals, rare or endangered species. Farm and domesticated animals are therefore the large faunal species such as goats, house cats, and dogs. Photographs of the site are presented Appendix 3.

C. Economic Development

56. City Income and Expenditures. Regional dues and regional taxes are the contributor for regional income and these have very important roles in supporting regional development. In 2017, the realized income for the city was placed at 1,500,600,420,236.70 Rupiah against a budgeted income of 1,544,367,408,169.00 Rupiah. For the last 4 years since 2014, realized income had steadily increased until falling down in 2017 as shown in the table below.

Table 4.11. Autonomy Regional Income Budget and Realization of Jambi City, 2017 (Rupiah)

Year Budget (Rp) Realization (Rp) 2017 1,544,367,408,169 1,500,600,420,236.70

19

Year Budget (Rp) Realization (Rp) 2016 1,622,716,103,775 1,571,371,681,939 .47 2015 1,435,638,562,506 1,387,222,252,820.42 2014 1,288,035,296,624 1,320,137,042,722

Source: Financial Management and Asset Office of Jambi City. Jambi City in Figures 2015-2018.

57. Regional expenditures. Regional expenditure budget of Jambi City in 2010 was Rp 735,429,766,957 which increased to Rp 907,277,129,448 in 2011 and Rp 1,049,120,061,276 in 2012 (Source: Jambi City in Figures 2011-2013). In 2017, the city’ expenditure was 1,496,544,155,634.80 against a budgeted amount of Rp 1,671,160,550,942. For the last four years since 2014, realized expenditure had steadily increased until falling down in 2017 as shown in the table below.

Table 4. 12. Autonomy Regional Expenditure Budget and Realization of Jambi City, 2017 (Rupiah)

Year Budget (Rp) Realization (Rp) 2017 1,671,160,550,942 1,496,544,155 2016 1,712,022,855,320 1,526,705,967,637.40 2015 1,605,268,716,043 1,426,801,893,158 2014 1,414,963,805,838 1,277,435,398,399.50

Source: Financial Management and Asset Office of Jambi City. Jambi City in Figures 2015-2018.

58. Surplus/Deficit. From 2014 to 2017, the city’ surplus/deficit can be seen in the table below.

Table 4. 13. Autonomy Regional Surplus, Jambi City 2017 (Rupiah)

Year Budget (Rp) Realization (Rp) 2017 -126,793,142,773 4,056,264,601.9 2016 (89,312,751,545) 44,665,713,572.02 2015 (169,630,153,537) (39,579,640,338.38) 2014 126,928,509,214 42,701,644,322.78

Source: Re-tabulated from tables on income and expenditure, Financial Management and Asset Office of Jambi City. Jambi in City 2015-2018

59. Land Use. Land use in Jambi is dominated by 28.20% of gardens; 19.93% of the field and 19.38% of settlement. As shown in the figure below. In accordance with the strategic policy presented in Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of Jambi, development direction of Jambi city planned has 7 (seven) BWK. Jambi City’s Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) confirmed that the area of the proposed WWTP is classified as for WWTP.

Table 4.14. Jambi City Land Use

No URBAN LAND USE AREA (HA) DISTRICT

AREA/BWK 1 BWK A Residential, educational,

cultural, green open space, and conservation

3.234 Danau Teluk, Pelayangan

2 BWK B Residential, office/ administration (city), trade, the oil pump, spare urban development, landfill, and industry

3.307 Kota Baru, Jelutung

3 BWK C 1 Provincial offices, housing, education, trade and services, hospitals, green open spaces and urban forest. Office

2.883 Telanaipura.

20

No URBAN LAND USE AREA (HA) DISTRICT

AREA/BWK 4 BWK C2 Residential, commercial, oil

pump area, conservation and urban development reserves.

5.401 Telanaipura, sebagian Kota Baru.

5 BWK D1 Green open spaces, conservation, industrial, warehousing, and swamps

1.669 Jambi Timur.

6 BWK D2 Industrial, warehousing, airports, jungle garden, green open spaces, urban development and reserves

2.2017 Jambi Selatanm sebagian Jambi Timur

7 BWK E Settlement, trade, and services

18.837 Pasar Jambi, sebagian Telanaipura, Jelutung, Jambi Selatan Jambi Timur

Source: Office of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Forestry.2011

60. Commerce and Trade. In 2018, pollution in the Batanghari river had occurred due to leakage of waste storage tanks from the palm oil industry and was thought to originate from the Palm Oil Mill of PT Mitra Sawit Jambi (PT MSJ) operating in Renah Mendaluh District, Tanjung Jabung Barat District. According to data from BLHD Jambi City, river pollution in Jambi City does not only occur in the main river, but also to its tributaries. There are eight tributaries in Jambi City and all tributaries are not suitable for use because they have been polluted. This is a consideration so that the planned development of WWTPs for domestic wastewater does not add pollution to the Batanghari river. Jambi city has the industry consisting of small industries, medium, and large industries. In 2011, the city has listed 8 companies engaged in crum rubber, instant noodles, palm oil and coffee as shown in the table below.

Table 4.15. Medium and Large Industries

No Company Type of Industry*)

1. Hok Tong Crum Rubber

2. Batang hari Tembesi Crum Rubber

3. Jambi Waras Crum Rubber

4. Angkasa Raya Crum Rubber

5. Remco Crum Rubber

6. Indofood Instant Mie

7. Kurnia Tunggal Palm Oil

8. Kopi AAA Coffee

Source: Office of Industry and Trade- Jambi City 2011, Jambi in Figures 2012.

61. The city’ small-scale industries are involved in various types of activities as shown in the table below.

Table 4.16. Small Industries

No Company Type of Industry*)

1. Batik Craftsmen (19) Batik

2. Printing Fabric (26) Printing Fabric

3. Convection (8) convection

4. Bread & Kind (21) Bread & Kind

5. Syrup / Beverage (17) Lemonade, Syrup, etc.

6. Tempe (10) Tofu/tempe

7. Soy sauce (6) Soy sauce

8. Bricks (6) Brick

21

No Company Type of Industry*)

9. Preserving Rotan (7) Preservatives Rotan

10. Vehicle Body Building Car repair shop

11. Furniture Household furnishings

12. Wooden utensils Wooden utensils

Source: Office of Industry and Trade- Jambi City 2011, Jambi in Figures 2012

62. Agro-forestry Industrial. In 2017, the city provided a listing of agro-foresty industrial activities as shown in the table below. These various activities engaged a total of 1 001 entrepreneurs employing a total of 3 782 employees in the formal labor market. Table 4.17. Number of Agricultural and Forestry Industrial Output by ISIC, Initiative Unit

and Formal Labor in Jambi City, 2017

KLUI ISIC Kinds of Industry TOTAL

Investment (Rp 000) Unit

Employee (person)

311 - 312 Food

31123 Ice cream - - - 31144 Cold Storage 1 1 27 650 31153 Minyak Goreng dari 2 9 190 000

Cooking Oil

31169 Rice Flavour 2 8 10 000

31171 Noodles 1 2 2 500

31179 Roti,Kue Kering dan 168 337 15 000

Bread, Cake etc

31184 Syrup 7 28 5 000

31222 Coffee and Tea Manufacture 8 21 36 000

31231 Ice Cube - - -

31241 Soy Sauce 2 6 30 000

31243 Tempeh 68 251 3 000 31245 Tofu 7 44 4 000 31251 Chips 150 300 30 000 31262

Tomato Ketchup

2

5

102 300

31281 Fodder - - -

00000 31279

Iodine Salt Wrapping Food Vinegar Bottling

2 -

6 -

170 000 -

31271

Condiment From ShrimpsWrapping

-

-

-

313 Minuman/Drink

31320 Wine Aromatic Drink

19 16 82 230

31340

Air Mineral/Water/Medicine Herb

71

249

2 561 795

314 Tobacco Manufacturing and Cigarette Spices

31410 Tobacco Wrapping Tea Wrappinig

- - -

22

KLUI ISIC Kinds of Industry TOTAL

Investment (Rp 000) Unit

Employee (person)

331 Wood, Bamboo, Rattan, Grass, and Other Industry

33111 Timber Used for Lumber 15 154 232 500

20220

Molding & Komp. Bahan Bangunan dari kayu./ Molding

45

391

2 459 528

33132 Came Work from Palm Fiber and Coconut

- - -

33190 Rotan Sortir/ Sorting Rattan 9 44 70 000

332 Furniture and House Hold Completeness, Kitchen from Wood, Bamboo and Rattan

33211 House Hold Furniture from Wood

145 611 624 000

33102 Furniture from Rattan 9 44 70 000

20293

Other Wood Product

33101

House Hold Furniture from Wood

145

611

624 000

342

Industri Percetakan dan Penerbitan/Printing and Publication Industry

34200 Printing Industry 113 644 7 540 943

351 Chemistry Industry

35115 Getah Jelutung

355 Crumb Rubber Industry 5 1 745 56 220 917

35522 /Re Milling Sheet - - -

35523 Crumb Rubber/ Crumb Rubber

5 1 745 56 220 917

35593 Foam and Plastic Furniture - - -

Source: Trade and Industry Office of Jambi City **Data 2015. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

63. Small Industrial and Handicraft Center. In 2017, the city had a total of 311 entrepreneurs engaged in various types of small-scale activities. These enterprises employed a total of 814 employees as shown in the table below.

Table 4.18. Number of Small industrial and Handicraft Center Development in Jambi City by ISIC, Unit, and Non-Formal Labor, 2017

KLUI ISIC

CENTER OF INDUSTRY

TOTAL Entrepreneur

Unit Employee (person)

31243 Tempe 68 251

31243 Sun dried banana chip 2 6 31251 Chips 150 300 31251 Crisp from cassava 30 30 33131 Bricks 61 227

Total 311 814 Source: Trade and Industry Office of Jambi City.Jambi City in Figures 2018.

23

64. In 2017, the city had a total of number of 208 big-scale industries employing a total of more than a thousand employees (1 361). The range of the activities are as shown in the table below. Table 4.19, Number of Big-Scale Industry in Jambi City by ISIC, Types, Unit, Labor and

Investment, 2017

KLUI ISIC CENTER OF INDUSTRY Entrepreneur

Unit Employee (person)

Investment (PR000)

311-312 Agricultural commodity forestry 31144 Food 1 1 27650 31153 Cooking oil 2 8 221 335 31231 Ice cube - - - 331 Bamboo, rattan, grass etc 33111 Sawdust 15 154 232 500

33112 Molding 45

391

2 459 528

33113 Lapis timber 11 92 170 500 33190 Sorting rattan 9 44 70 000

34200 Printing 113 644 7 540 943

35522 Re milling sheet - - - 35523 Crumb Rubber 5 1 745 56 220 917 35606 Foam and plastic furniture - - - 35112 Oxygen-filled 2 15 800 000 35299 Hour of piece of coconut shell - - - 35512 Vulcanize 5 12 100 000

Source: Trade and Industry Office of Jambi City. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

65. Metal, Machine, Chemistry and Various Industries. In 2017, the city reported a total of 313 establishments employing a total of 873 employees that are engaged in the activities as shown in the table below.

Table 4.20. Number of Metal, Machine, Chemistry and Various Industry by ISIC, Entrepreneur Unit and Employee in Jambi City, 2016

KLUI ISIC

Kinds of Industry TOTAL

Unit Employee (person)

Investment (Rp 000)

321 Manufacturing of Textile

32114 Towel Woven Product - - - 32117 Batik Tulis/Cap/ Printed/ Hand Batik 34 265 406,30

32190

1.5.Sulaman Benang Emas/Gold Yarn Embroidery

9

50

61 500

32190

K o p i a h/ Rimless Cap -

-

-

322

32290

Manufacture of Textile, Garment Beside Garment

Garment and Textile

26

129

165 265 356

35606

Manufacturing of Goods from Plastic

Packaging Plastic

-

-

-

383 Manufacturing of Machine, Electric Tools and Electric Material Need

- - -

38326 Maintenance and Repair of Electronic and Communication

390

Other Manufacturing Voice Record

000000 Silk s Creening 38 131 1 418 970 000000 Plastic - - -

24

000000 Destroying - - -

000000 Play Wood Give - - -

351 Manufacturing of Chemistry 35112 Oxygen Filled 2 15 800 000

352 Other Chemistry Manufacturing

35231 Soap Packaging - - -

35299 Rain Water Bottling - - -

35299 Rubbing Alcohol Bottling - - -

35299 latex Vinegar Bottling

Tiner Bottling - - -

35299 Varnish - - - Carbolic Acid - - - Flour of Pill of Coconut - - -

Camphor - - -

354 Manufacturing of Output of Earth

Oil Refinery and Coal 35410 Process of Printing Candle 1 5 2,000

355 Manufacturing of Rubber Commodity 35512 Tire Vulcanize 5 12 100 000

363

36321

Manufacturing of Cement Llime and Commodity from

Cement and Lime Floor Ttile

-

-

-

36321 Concrete Roof - - -

36321

Tile Paving Block

12

39

5 156 400

364

36421

Manufacturing of Land Tough Brick

61

227

305 000 372

37202 Manufacturing of Base Metal not Iron

Aluminum Melting 125

- - -

- -

381 Manufacturing of Commodity from Metal Except Machine/Equipment

38111 Agriculture Equipment - - - 38114 Kitchen Equipment - - -

38120 House Hold and Office Utensil from

Metal - - -

38199 Other of Metal Product - - -

000000 Bicycle Repair Shop - - - 000000 Glasses Repair Shop - - - 000000 Welding Shop - - -

000000 Lathe Shop - - -

000000 O’clock Repair Shop - - -

382

Manufacturing of Machine and Equipment Except Electricity Machine

38297 Auto Repair Shop - - - 38297 Motor Repair Shop - - - 38317 Dynamo Repair and Maintenance - - - 383

Manufacturing of Machine,

Maintenance and Equipment

38317 Dynamo Repair and Maintenance - - -

384 Manufacturing of Transport

Equipment 38414 Shipping Repair - - - 38433 Car Container - - - 390 The Other of Manufacturing - - -

25

39012 Gold Jewelry - - - 39014 Not Metal Jewelry - - -

Source: Trade and Industry Office of Jambi City.Jambi City in Figures 2017.

66. Each of these various activities in the industry will generate waste such as liquid waste, solid waste, air waste, toxic and hazardous materials. The following are loading of liquid waste in 2011. Each of the various activities in this industry will produce waste such as liquid waste, solid waste, air waste, toxic and dangerous materials. The following is the loading of liquid waste in 2011. In 2018, there was a leakage of waste storage tanks from the palm oil industry which caused river water to be blackened due to this waste which is estimated to come from a Palm Oil Mill from PT Mitra Sawit Jambi (PT MSJ) which operates in Renah Mendaluh Regency, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. According to data from BLHD Jambi City, river pollution in Jambi City does not only occur in the main river, but also to its tributaries. This is a consideration so that the planned development of WWTPs for domestic wastewater does not add pollution to the Batanghari river. Information that can be obtained regarding the pollutant content of industrial activities can be seen in the following table:.

Table 4.21. Pollution Load of Industrial Wastewater

No. Type of Industry Loading of industrial wastewater (Ton/Year)

BOD COD TSS Ammonia

1. PT. Djambi Waras 15,76 31,03 34,51 2,82

2. PT. Remco 13.69 26,51 27,81 0,92

3. PT. Angkasa Raya 9,10 19,01 23,14 0,56

4. PT. B H T 22,53 32,20 5,99 1,10

5. PT. Hok Tong 17,44 33,97 19,94 0,83

Source: SLHD Jambi Environmental Office, 2011.

67. Trading. Different types of trading activities take place in the city and in various forms. In 2017, the city reported a total of 124 stalls; 350 shops; 1,998 residential shops; and cabins. Altogether, these activities employed a total of 1,737 traders as shown in the table below. Residential shops appeared very popular accounting for 65% of the total number engaged in trading. The rest distributed over the other kinds of trading activities as shown in the table below. Table 4.22. Number of Shop, Stall, Cabin and Trader in Jambi City Government Market,

2017

Kind of Market Unit Number of

Trader (persons)

Stall Shop Residential

shop Cabin

1. Pasar Dalam Kota 36 - - - 36

2. Pasar Tanah Pilih - 42 67 - 109 3. Pasar Sitimang 10 - - - 10 4. Pasar Sitimang Belakang - - 26 - 26 5. Pasar Sijimat - - 60 - 60 6. Pasar Gang Siku - - 185 - 185 7. Pasar Angso Duo - 112 978 1 598 2 688 8. Pasar TAC - - 87 56 143 9. Pasar Buah – Buahan - - 37 - 37 10. Pasar Jl.Hindia - - 44 - 44 11. Pasar Talang Banjar - - 55 163 218 12. Pasar Kebun Handil 16 21 128 - 165 13. Pasar Mayang Sari - - 35 - 35

14. Pasar Kasang - - 52 71 123 15. Pasar Kebun Bungo - - 5 - 5

16. Pasar Taman Tanggo - - - 88 88

26

Kind of Market Unit Number of

Trader (persons)

Stall Shop Residential

shop Cabin

Rajo 17. Pasar Malioboro - - 17 - 17 18. Pasar Olak Kemang - - 19 40 59 19. Pasar Pelayangan - - 24 46 70 20. Pasar Aurduri - - 24 128 152 21. Pasar Induk Grosir - - 155 - 155 Total 62 175 1 998 2 190 4 425

Source: Market Management Office of Jambi City.Jambi City in Figures 2018.

68. Agriculture. The harvested area for paddy rice in Jambi City in 2011 was 1 183 hectares and the production was 5,645 tons. Compared to 2010, the city had 1 676 ha for harvested area and 3.720,33 tons of production. But while the harvested area had decreased by 29,42%, production in 2011 had actually increased by 51,73. In 2017, area harvested for palay was only 1 094.3 hectares with a production of 4 335 representing an average production of only 3.96 tons per hectare. Rice production in that year was only limited in five (5) districts, namely: Paal Merah, Telanaipura, Danau Sipin, Pelayangan, and Jambi Timur. Of this rice producing districts, Jambi Timur recorded a higher paddy production average per hectare (6.2 tons/ha) while Danau Teluk recorded the lowest (4.4 tons/ha) as shown in the table below.

Table 4.23. Dry and Wet Land Harvesting Area and Product in Jambi City by District, 2017

District

Wetland Dry land

Harvest (Ha)

Production (Ton)

Production average (Ton/Ha)

Harvest (Ha)

Production (Ton)

Production average (Ton/Ha)

1. Kota Baru

- - - - - - 2. Alam Barajo

- - - - - -

3. Jambi Selatan

- - - - - -

4. Paal Merah

- - - - - - 5. Jelutung

- - - - - - 6. Pasar Jambi

- - - - - - 7. Telanaipura

272.3 1388.5 5.1 - - - 8. Danau Sipin

- - - - - - 9. Danau Teluk

475 2 113 4.4 - - - 10. Pelayangan

234 130.5 5.8 - - - 11. Jambi Timur 113 703 6.2 - - -

Total 1094.3 4335 3.96 - - - Source: Jambi City Agriculture

69. The riceland available for planting in 2017 was 1 359 hectares which was below the area in 2010 in which the city had 1 676 hectares as previously discussed above. Altogether, the city would have a total of 21 275,99 hectares available for planting not only with rice but also for other agricultural activities as shown in the table below.

Table 4.24. Wetland Planting Area by Utilization in Jambi City, 2017 (Ha)

District Riceland

Bukan Lahan Sawah

Dry Land Others Total 1. Kota Baru

- 622 2 989 3 611 2. Alam Barajo

- 1 836 2 331 4167 3. Jambi Selatan

- 120 1201 1 141 4. Paal Merah

50 419 2 926.59 3 395,.59 5. Jelutung

- 81 711 792

27

6. Pasar Jambi

- 6 396 402

7. Telanaipura

228 792 1 231 2 251

8. Danau Sipin

464 783 342 1 589 9. Danau Teluk

- 155 633 788

10. Pelayangan

234 294.52 1 063.48 1 592

11. Jambi Timur 383 147 1 017 1 547

Total 1 359 5 255.52 14 661.07 21 275.59

Source: Jambi City Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery Services, Jambi City in Figures, 2018.

70. In 2011, the production of maize in the city was 316.68 tons, cassava - 968.80 tons, sweet potatoes - 216.41 tons, and peanuts - 113.41 tons. In 2017, the city reported that the production of maize was 351.5 tons from a total of 93.9 hectares planted to the crop. Maize was mainly planted in seven (7) out of the eleven (11) districts of the city. The district of Alam Barajo was reported to have planted the biggest area for the crop while the district of Pelayangan had the smallest. The average production per hectare for this crop was 3.74 tons/ha with the highest reported from Paal Merah (5.6 tons/ha) while the lowest reported from Danau Sipin (2.88 tons/ha). Cassava was planted in only the five (5) districts of the city with a total of more than two hundred hectares devoted for its cultivation. Its total production was recorded at 6 294.50 tons/ha or an average production of 29.52 tons/ha. Highest average production was recorded in the district of Alam Barajo while the lowest was recorded in all of the remaining the districts at only slightly over 26 tons/ha. Sweet potato on the other hand was planted to only ten (10) hectares in three districts of the city. Average production for this crop was recorded at 9.53 tons/ha with the highest average production recorded in Paal Merah while the lowest was recorded in Talanaipura as shown in Table 4.25 below. 71. Among the leguminous crops, only peanut had a reported area, and production of 34.6 ha, and 54.08 tons/ha, respectively. Peanut was cultivated in only six (6) of the eleven (11) districts of the city with an average production of 1.56 tons/ha. All of the districts reported almost the same average production per hectare although Pelayangan reported the highest volume of production and Danau Teluk reporting the lowest on account of the small area that had been planted for this crop. The area planted and harvested together with the production volume is shown in the table below.

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Table 4.25. Crops Planted Harvesting area and Production in Jambi City by District, 2017

District Maize Cassava Sweet potato Soy bean Mung bean Peanut

Harvest Production Harvest Production Harvest Production Harvest Production Harvest Production Harvest Production

1. Kota Baru

15

54

111

2 902 -

-

-

-

-

-

7

10.92

2. Alam Barajo 41 147.6 84 2916.6 5.5 52.31 - - - - 8.5 13.26 3. Jambi Selatan - - - - - - - - - - - - 4. Paal Merah 9 50.4 9.2 240.6 2 19.2 - - - - - - 5. Jelutung - - 2 52.3 - - - - - - - - 6. Pasar Jambi - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. Telanaipura 9.5 34.2 7 183 2.5 23.77 - - - - 4 6.26

8. Danau Sipin 5 14.4 - - - - - - - - - -

9. Danau Teluk 11.3 39.7 - - - - - - - - 0.1 0.16

10. Pelayangan 3.1 11.2 - - - - - - - - 14 21.91

11. Jambi Timur - - - - - - - - - - 1 1.57

Total 93.9 351.5 213.2 6294.5 10 95.28 - - - - 34.6 54.08

Source: Jambi City Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery Services, Jambi City in Figures, 2018.

72. In 2011, available data on the production of fruits in Jambi City includes namely: Siam orange - 20 tons; avocado - 153.10 tons; papaya - 1,014.69 tons; banana - 398.26 tons; mango - 8.80 tons; and rambutan - 19.25 tons. In 2017, the city reported production information for thirteen (13) fruits. Of this, the production of papaya, banana and rambutan ranked highest among the cultivated fruits. The available information indicated that with the exception of oranges, all reported fruits are cultivated in Kota Baru while Jelutung and Pasar Jambi reported no production records for any fruits at all as shown in the table below.

Table 4.26. Number of Fruit Product in Jambi City by Kind and District, 2016 (Kg)

District Avocado Rambutan Lanseh Oranges Sapodilla Papaya Banana Pineapple Mango Orange

1. Kota Baru

112.5 198 14 11 120 52 856 18 212 -

2. Alam Barajo

48 640 - - 201 288.4 326.8 - - -

3. Jambi Selatan

40 60 - - 30 85 44 - 42 - 4. Paal Merah

32.5 - - - 37.35 2 952.18 190.45 - 10.05 - 5. Jelutung

- - - - - - - - - -

6. Pasar Jambi

- - - - - - - - - -

7. Telanaipura

45 20 - 50 145 166 284 1 44 -

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District Avocado Rambutan Lanseh Oranges Sapodilla Papaya Banana Pineapple Mango Orange

8. Danau Sipin

10 32 - - 5.3 54 7.3 - - - 9. Danau Teluk

37.5 - 2 - 140 9.8 253.4 - 35 - 10. Pelayangan

- 2.07 - 13.8 58 14.16 27 - 8 - 11. Jambi Timur 160 179.5 135.65 - 56 36.5 48.54 - 135 8

Total 485.5 1131.57 151.65 74.8 792.65 3 658.04 2 037.49 19 486.05 8

Table 4.26 (Continued)

District Durian Guava Water Apple Rose Apple

1. Kota Baru 375 37 186 -

2. Alam Barajo 54 99 65.5 3. Jambi

Selatan - 40.5 32 -

4. Paal Merah 30 54.9 34 - 5. Jelutung - - - - 6. Pasar Jambi - - - - 7. Telanaipura 3 40 24 -

8. Danau Sipin 90 38 48 -

9. Danau Teluk 4 17 72

10. Pelayangan 10 23 18 -

11. Jambi Timur 42.5 17.75 27.9 -

Total 608.5 367.15 507.4 -

Source: Jambi City Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery Services, Jambi City in Figures, 2018.

73. In 2011, the livestock in Jambi City includes milk cows (1,012), buffaloes (122.7), horses (35,127), goats (1,920), sheeps (47,039), pigs (220,186), and duck and broiler (4,762,995). In 2016 where the most updated information are made available in the 2018 main source document, the recorded number of livestock was not only limited to the above but also expanded to include several more as shown in the table below. There are no livestock records for three (3) of the eleven (11) districts in the city, namely: Alam Barajo, Paal Merah, and Danau Sipin. Kota Baru has the most number of broiler, free range chicken, cows, buffalo, goats, pig and sheep while Pelayangan has the most number of recorded ducks, and Jambi Selatan for the only district with recorded laying pullet.

Table 4.27. Number of Livestock in Jambi City by District, 2016

District Kind of Livestock

Cow Bufallo Horse Goat Pig Sheep Laying pullet Broiler

1. Kota Baru

798 71 - 22 651 1 009 564 - 1 142 226

30

District Kind of Livestock

Cow Bufallo Horse Goat Pig Sheep Laying pullet Broiler 2. Alam Barajo

- - - - - - - - 3. Jambi Selatan

237 21 - 1 618 322 34 50 990 - 4. Paal Merah

- - - - - - - - 5. Jelutung

237 21 - 1 618 81 - - - 6. Pasar Jambi

59 5 - 809 - - - 132 432 7. Telanaipura

473 42 - 17 798 1 331 428 - 33 109 8. Danau Sipin

- - - - - - - - 9. Danau Teluk

473 42 - 12 944 - 359 - - 10. Pelayangan

414 37 - 11 326 - 291 - - 11. Jambi Timur 266 24 - 12 135 1 291 34 - 347 633

Total 2 957 263 - 80 899 4 034 1 710 50 990 1 655 400

Table 4.27. Number of Livestock in Jambi City by District, 2016 (Continued)

District

Kind of Livestock Free Range

Chicken Duck Rabbit Quail Dog

1. Kota Baru

658 030 32 733 - - - 2. Alam Barajo

- - - - - 3. Jambi Selatan

551 923 20 143 - - - 4. Paal Merah

- - - - -

5. Jelutung

255 935 15 107 - - - 6. Pasar Jambi

395 234 5 036 - - - 7. Telanaipura

52 049 22 661 - - - 8. Danau Sipin

- - - - - 9. Danau Teluk

325 399 37 769 - - - 10. Pelayangan

54 659 65 464 - - - 11. Jambi Timur 49 299 52 876 - - -

Total 2 342 528 251 789 - - -

Source: Jambi City Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery Services, Jambi City in Figures, 2018.

74. The fishery production of public waters in 2011 was 627.74 tons. Freshwater fish production in 2011 on the other hand was 2,692.69 tons, which decreased by 17.11% from 2010 which was recorded at 2,299.30 tons. In 2017, fish production in public waters was 751.2 tons, about 20% increase from that base figure in 2011. Freshwater fish production on the other hand was recorded at 2 389.52 tons or about 11% lower than in the same comparative year. Freshwater fish production was recorded in all of the districts while fish production in public waters was limited only in the five (5) districts of the city.

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Table 4.28. Number of Fish Production in Jambi City by Fisheries Sub-sector 2017 (Tons)

District Ocean fishery Public waters Fresh water Total

1. Kota Baru

- - 87.5 87.5

2. Alam Barajo

- - 162.72 162.72

3. Jambi Selatan

- - 145.35 145.35

4. Paal Merah

- - 330.45 330.45

5. Jelutung

- - 15.4 15.4

6. Pasar Jambi

- - 2.0 2.0

7. Telanaipura

- 163.6 1 018.47 1 182.07

8. Danau Sipin

- 104.7 314.74 419.44

9. Danau Teluk

- 227.6 252.06 479.66

10. Pelayangan

- 172.8 51.73 224.53

11. Jambi Timur

- 85.52 9.10 91.62

Total - 751.2 2 389.52 3 140.72

Source: Jambi City Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry & Fishery Services, Jambi City in Figures, 2018.

75. Tourism. Points of interest for tourism in Jambi are mostly nature tourism, such as forest parks, and a zoo. In 2011, a total of 87,850 people have visited these sites. 76. Available number of hotels and inns in 2011 was recorded only at 74 units with three (3) four-star hotels and four (4) three-star hotels. In 2016 based on available information from the 2018 source document, the number of hotels and inns increased to 93 with a total number of 3,618 rooms. These numbers increased from 87 units and 3,150 rooms, respectively in 2015 as shown in the table below. The number of three-star and four-star hotels doubled in 2017 from that of 2011.

Table 4.29. Number of Hotel dan Rooms in Jambi City by Classification, 2016 (Units)

Hotel Classification Quantity Number of rooms

Star 1 7 267 Star 2 4 269 Star 3 8 596 Star 4 6 659 Star 5 - -

Inn 65 1 764 Homestay 1 9

Others 2 54 Total 93 3 618 2015 87 3 150

Source: BPS-Statistic of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

77. Only two districts of the city do not have any recorded hotels, namely: Danau Teluk, and Pelayangan. Of the nine (9) that have recorded hotels, Pesar Jambi has the most number of

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hotels and number of rooms while Paal Merah had the least number as shown in the table below.

Table 4.30. Number of Hotel dan Rooms in Jambi City by Classifications, 2016 (Units)

Hotel Classification Quantity Number of rooms

1. Kota Baru 6 201 2. Alam Barajo 8 308 3. Jambi Selatan 10 394 4. Paal Merah 1 15 5. Jelutung 8 263 6. Pasar Jambi 33 1 344 7. Telanaipura 7 187 8. Danau Sipin 11 646 9. Danau Teluk - - 10. Pelayangan - -

11. Jambi Timur 9 260

Total 93 3 618

2015 87 3 150

Source: BPS-Statistic of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

78. Existing Water Supply System. Data in 2011 showed, PDAM Tirta Mayang Jambi serve the water demand of 60.5% of population in Jambi and the number of consumers was recoded at 58 265. Raw water sources of drinking water are from Batanghari River as shown in the table below.

Table 4.31. Jambi Drinking Water Sources

No. Water Treatment Plant Designed

Capacity (l/dt) Production

Capacity (l/dt) Water Resoures

1 Broni 600 470 R. Batang hari

2 Benteng 220 171 R. Batang hari

3 Pasir Panjang I 10 0 R. Batang hari

4 Pasir Panjang II 35 35 R Batang hari

5 Tanjung Johor 3 0 Non-active

6 Well Drilling Perumnas 10 0 Non-active

Kota Baru

7 Aur Duri (PT Novco) 100 94 R. Batang Hari

8 Perumnas Aur Duri 10 10 R. Batang Hari

9 Well Drilling Villa Kenali 10 0 Non-active

10 Well Drilling Mayang M 1 0 Non-active

11 Well Drilling Paal Merah 5 0 Non-active

Amount 1.004 780

Source: Jambi in Figures 2012

79. In 2017, the city had a total production of about 29 million cubic meters while its recorded consumption was only over 15 million cubic meters from a total of about 73 thousand customers. Since 2010, water production had seen annual variabilities as the number of customers kept consistently increasing. Consumption too had its annual variabilities before reaching a peak of over 15 million cubic meters in 2017 as shown in the table below.

Table 4.32. Number of Consumer and Water Supply Product in Jambi City, 2010-2017

Year Production (m3) Number of Consumer

Consumption Value (Rp)

2017

29 048 441

72 965

15 405 207

72 834 205 583

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Year Production (m3) Number of Consumer

Consumption Value (Rp)

2016

29 480 771

69 379

14 966 602

71 472 813 400

2015

28 174 330

64 847

14 423 505

65 111 235 000

2014

29 258 725

62 883

13 617 869

61 273 703 350

2013

25 648 261

61 660

14 082 285

61 681 599 100

2012

23 531 198

59 951

14 104 533

53 027 917 900

2011

24 507 624

58 265

14 071 214

56 167 356 550

2010

23 354 375

56 578

14 128 688

37 132 873 400

Source: Tirta Mayang Municipal Waterworks, Jambi City. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

80. Sanitation Condition. Based on result of Puskesmas Inspection in 2011 to the level of risk in household sanitation at Jambi, shown that 6% of the population do not have toilets. The largest population those do not have a toilet is the village Putri Ayu (23%), followed by village Payo Selincah and village Kebun Kopi (19%) and village Aur Duri (13%). Toilet ownership details can be seen on the figure below. The inspection of quality toilet shown 36,4 % have intermediate to high risk level. High risk means have a potency to contaminate the environment.

Figure 4.3. Toilet Ownership

Source: Puskesmas Inspection. 2011

81. Business center area is located in Pasar Jambi District. Generally, there are shopping activity, restaurant, traditional market and modern market. The system of wastewater management in the region also is individualized with septic tank or latrine and grey water discharged into drainage channels. For new residential areas, housing built by developers from 2005 through 2008, reached 3,310 units with a variety of types. Generally, wastewater treatment is individualized using septic tank and infiltration, in which only one compartment of the septic tank and not waterproof, while grey water (from the bathroom, kitchen and laundry) directly discharged into drainage channels. For Slum Area, slum areas are scattered in several village in Jambi. Generally, structure houses are stagy. Waste water treatment especially black water is using latrine without infiltration and grey water discharged in the surrounding area.

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Figure 4.4. Toilet Potential to Contaminate Environment

Source: Puskesmas Inspection. 2011

82. Sludge Treatment Plant (STP) for septic tanks sludge is located in Talang Bakung, 14 Km from the city center and was utilizing the facility at 16% only at the time of the PPTA in 2012. At that time, the sludge suction equipment owned for such purpose involved only 2 units. In general, the condition of the building was still good, but necessary rehabilitation for increased STP performance such as construction rehabilitation of sludge drying bed, maneuvering the truck in imhoff tank, providing water supply and increasing in both sludge suction equipment such as truck and motorcycles was imperative. Based on the revision of the WWTP DED, the function of the IPLT in Talang Bakung is to manage sludge from households that have not been connected to the off site system. While the results of sludge on the WWTP will be managed with special technology on the FBAS WWTP, so the end result can be used as fertilizer for the plantations or agriculture associated with it. Study of CDTA Consultants related to wastewater management, which regulates WWTP and IPLT can be incorporated in the main tasks and functions of the UPTD made by the Jambi City government (The Government Regulation No. 7 of 2003). 83. Operational Background7.The STP (IPLT) was built in 1996 with financial support of the MPWH. The plant comprises three trains of a conventional waste stabilization pond system (WSP). The plant was thoroughly rehabilitated in 2015-2016 and its overall status is fairly good. The facility has a nominal treatment capacity of 80 m3/day serving a potential design population of about 300 000 people8, i.e. around 56% of the total population of the city9 although it is largely underutilized due to lack of continuity in the sludge inputs (estimated at 10-15% of its capacity). In consequence, the treatment process is halted and there is virtually no outflow, nor is there any usable dry sludge product. The operation of the plant is assumed by a separate unit, the Local Technical Implementation Unit for Septage Treatment (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja, UPTD-IPLT), specifically set up for this purpose in 2009. The UPTD-IPLT currently employs 6 staff. The Environmental Health Unit (Badan Lingkungan Hidup, BLH) performs quality control checks on the ponds and on the wastewater effluent on a weekly basis. The parameters tested on the samples are BOD, COD, TSS and pH. There are four private companies emptying services in Jambi, two of which regularly at the IPLT. The analysis of IPLT records shows, however, that much of the sludge collected is in fact dumped elsewhere. Private operators are usually required to pay a fee for discharging the sludge from the tanks into the IPLT inlet, the ”dumping fee”. The official fee established in the local regulation is Rp200,000 per truck, although a 50% discount is currently applied.

7 Background information and accompanying footnotes adopted from the Annual Report No. 3 (October 2017 – June 2018) Annexes Volume 1), TA-8666-INO-INDONESIA Capacity Development Technical Assistance Metropolitan Sanitation Management Investment Project. 8 Prayudi, R.R., “Potensi Pendapatan Retribusi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja di IPLT Talang Bakung, Kota Jambi, Provinsi Jambi (Potential Septage Treatment Revenues at IPLT Talang Bakung, Jambi, Jambi Province)”, Jurnal Sosek Pekerjaan Umum, Vol. 6, No. 2, Juli 2014, pp 78-139. 9 583 487 inhabitants according to the 2016 census.

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84. Contamination of shallow well by un-standard septic tank condition can be characterized by the presence of chemicals such as nitrites and nitrates and the presence of E. coli bacteria. The results of water quality monitoring wells at various places by Jambi City Environmental Office in 2010, can be concluded that the well has not indicated any contamination of septic tank. The management drainage in Jambi city is managed by the Office of Human Settlements Sub Jambi. The occurrence of puddle in Jambi can be relatively less. Spacious pool that occurred only about 449 hectares compared to the overall area of the city, so it can be said the city's drainage network is relatively good. Primary channel length Jambi city is 21,28 km and secondary channels is 8,96 km.

85. Transportation and Communication. Road is one of the most important infrastructures in supporting economic activities. Improvement in the quality of road will support the development process distribution of trade from any region to another. In 2011, the total length of roads in Jambi City was 506.670 km with 278.670 km was in good condition. Between 2012 – 2017, the city’ total road length generally remained constant from 2011 – 2015. This however increased by less than 1 percent (0.75%) in 2016. The city’ roads are generally made of asphalt accounting for about 90% of the total. About 68% of these roads were in good condition with about 24% badly damaged as shown in the table below.

Table 4.33. Road Length by Surface and Road Class in Jambi City, 2012- 2017

Explanation Road length (Km)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

I. Surface I.1. Asphalt

506 670 457 610

506 670 459 180

506 670 458 515

506 670 458 515

506 670 448 524

510 452 462 673

I.2. Gravel 1 500 430 - - 20 339 33 140 I.3. Land 47 560 47 060 48 155 48 155 37 407 14 639 I.4.Undefined - - - - - -

II.1. Good 506 670 278 670

506 670 323 922

506 670 331 540

506 670 337.8

506 670 361 852

510 452 349 863

II.2. Moderate - - 11 677 11.24 16 810 9 487

II.3. Damage 21 900 19 019 18 445 17.81 31 353 30 342

II.4. Badly Damage 206 100 163 723 96 853 139.82 96 655 120 760

- - 48 155 III. Kelas Jalan/ Road Class 506 670 506 670 506 670 506 670 506 670 510 452

III.1. Class I - - - - - - III.2. Class II - - - - - - III.3. Class III - - - - - -

III.4. Class III A 506 670 506 670 506 670 506 670 469 263 495 813 III.5. Class IV - - - - - -

III.6. Class V - - - - - - III.7. undefined - - - - 37 407 14 639

Source: Office of Public Works and Spatial Planning of Jambi City. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

86. Jambi has 2 ports. Kasang Port is used for passengers, while Angso Duo Port is used for both passengers and goods. During 2011, there are 521 ships entered and left at Jambi. The number of ship arrivals and departures in 2013 dropped significantly compared with the previous year. There was no available updated information on ship arrivals and departures from year 2014 to 2017 as shown in the table below.

36

Table 4.34. Number of Arrived and Departed Ships at Jambi Port, 2010-2016

Source: Lake and River Transportation Traffic Office, Jambi. Jambi City in Figures 2017.

87. The total number of unloaded and loaded cargoes in 2010 were 4,435 tons and 5,165, respectively. These reached more than 10 tons each in 2011 but decreased significantly by 27% in 2012. There were no available updated information for unloaded and loaded commodities from year 2013 to 2017 as shown in the table below.

Table 4.35. Number of Loaded and Unloaded Goods through Jambi Port, 2010-2016 (Tons)

Year Commodity

Unloaded Loaded

2010 4 435,00 5 165,00 2011 10 453,00 10 453,00 2012 7 630,00 7 630,00 2013 * * 2014 * * 2015 * * 2016 * *

Source: Lake and River Transportation Traffic Office, Jambi. Jambi City in Figures 2017.

88. The total number of passenger arrivals and departures in 2010 were 15 295 and 15 295, respectively. That year recorded the peak number numbers because it has since gone down in number in 2013. There were no available updated information passenger arrivals and departures from year 2014 to 2016 as shown in the table below. Table 4.36. Number of Arrived and Departed Passenger through Jambi Port, 2009-2016

(Person)

Year Passenger

Arrival Departure

2009 20 483 20 489 2010 15 295 15 295 2011 10 436 10 436 2012 11 200 11 200 2013 9 883 9 883 2014 * * 2015 * * 2016 * *

Source: Lake and River Transportation Traffic Office, Jambi. Jambi City in Figures 2017.

89. Jambi City has domestic airport, the Sultan Thaha Syaifuddin Airport. The number of aircraft arrivals was 4 345 in 2011. The number of passenger arrivals and departures were 501 241 and 513 083, respectively. These number of aircraft arrivals and departures increased by 6,55% and 6,42% from 2010, respectively. The number of passenger arrivals also increased by 8,86% and passenger departures increase by 7,83% from the previous

Year Number of ships

Arrival Departure 2010 283 283 2011 521 521 2012 590 590 2013 336 340 2014 * * 2015 * * 2016 * *

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year. From 2009 through 2017, aircraft arrivals arrivals and departure as well as passenger arrivals and departures were generally increasing as shown in the table below.

Table 4.37. Number of Air Traffic and Flight Through Sultan Thaha Airport, 2009-2017

Year Aircraft (Units) Passenger (person)

Arrival Departure Arrival Departure

2009 3 634 3 636 397 880 407 256 2010 3 622 4 079 460 458 475 828 2011 4 345 5 308 501 241 513 083 2012 4 627 4 624 609 752 624 205 2013 4 826 4 826 639 547 653 319 2014 5 177 5 174 648 477 662 675 2015 5 168 5 172 573 949 593 806 2016 7 382 7 393 808 476 827 994 2017 8 801 8 799 869 267 881 595

Source: Sultan Thaha Airport, Jambi. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

90. Telecommunication. In 2010, the city had 52 534 units of installed wireline telephones. This number had reached 65 160 units in 2017. In between these years, the total numbers had changed but not significantly except in 2013 where the numbers were down about 25%. It has since peaked in total number in 2015 and then again changed until 2017. No information had been made available for year 2014 as shown in the table below. Table 4.38. Number of Units of the Wireline Telephone Line Unit that Has Been Installed

in Jambi City 2010 - 2017 (Units)

Source: Jambi Telecommunication Regional Office, Jambi in Figures 2018.

91. Power Supply. Until year 2010, the development goals of the electricity sub-sector is to improve utilization to encourage more productive economic activities such as industrial, handicraft industry and other businesses. Jambi’s electricity provider is PT PLN, the state power company. During 2010, the number of PLN customers in Jambi city was 160,900 with an installed power 176.904.700 VA and sold 640 787 366 KWh. Entire villages in Jambi been getting power supplies. Electricity utilization in Jambi City is dominated by households (17 030 601 Kwh), followed by trade (391 142 357 Kwh), industry (133 053 219 Kwh), government (64 926 573 Kwh) and schools (34 634 616 Kwh). In 2017, the number of electricity consumers had increased dramatically from its base number in 2010 to 470 225. Of this total number, household customers account for more than 91% while the rest are distributed over the rest of the rating group. This significant increase also drove up consumption for each type of consumers as shown in the table below.

Table 4.39. Number of S2JB Area of State Electricity Enterprise Customer of Jambi Branch, 2017

Rating Group Number of customers

Number of Voltage/

Costumer

Number of kwh/ Costumer

Value (Rp)

Social 8 382 28 195 550 40 728 806 32 710 975 380

Household 428 587 490 524 600 704 747 008 860 481 430 233

Industry 235 60 277 900 109 647 708 121 592 502 211

Year Units 2010 52 534 2011 54 948

2012 57 854 2013 43 621 2014 ---*) 2015 66 520 2016 55 690 2017 65 160

38

Rating Group Number of customers

Number of Voltage/

Costumer

Number of kwh/ Costumer

Value (Rp)

Business 29 441 163 394 750 259 472 242 330 133 121 433 Offices 2 158 22 817 600 29 178 880 39 645 465 497 Lighting 1 422 7 275 258 21 054 406 30 893 615 134

Total 470 225 772 485 658 1 164 829 050 1 415 457 109 888 Source: S2JB Regional State Electricity Enterprise, Jambi Branch. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

92. Fuel is also one of the power sources. The average fuel sales at the fuel station is 7.440 kilo-liters (premium), 6.300 kilo-liters (pertamax), 48.300 kilo-liters (diesel). Total of fuel stations in Jambi are 19. Total fuel consumption for industrial sector are 187.846 kilo-liters (2011).

D. Socio and Cultural Resources

93. Population and Density. Jambi city's total population by the end of 2011 is 540.258 inhabitants. In 2017, its population reached 591 134 for an increase of about 10%. The city’ most populated district is Alam Barajo while the least populated is Danau Teluk. However, the city’ most densely populated district is Danau Sipin while the least dense is Danao Teluk. The number of inhabitants in each sub-district and its population density can be seen in the table below. Table 4.40. Land Area, Total Population and by Population Density by District in Jambi

City, 2017

District Land Area (km²) Total Population

(Person)

Density (Person/

km²) 1. Kota Baru 36.11 75 384 2 088 2. Alam Barajo 41.67 97 184 2 332 3. Jambi Selatan 11.41 61 743 5 411 4. Paal Merah 27.13 89 835 3 311 5. Jelutung 7.92 63 369 8 001 6. Pasar Jambi 4.02 12 532 3 117 7. Telanaipura 22.51 50 482 2 243 8. Danau Sipin 7.88 48 228 6 120 9. DanauTeluk 15.70 12 083 770 10. Pelayangan 15.29 13 585 888 11. Jambi Timur 15.94 66 709 4 185

2017 205.38 591 134 2 878 2016 205,38 585 487 2 851 2015 205.38 576 067 2 805 2014 205.38 568 062 2 766 2013 205.38 569 331 2 772 2012 205.38 557 215 2 713 2011 205.38 540 258 2 630

Source: Jambi Statistical Center Office, 2011 in Jambi in Figures 2012; BPS – Statistics of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

94. Sex Distribution. In 2017, the sex ratio of the city has not significantly changed from 2012. However, inter-district comparison for the same year showed that in that same year, there were slightly more female than male in five districts, namely: Jambi Selatan, Pasar Jambi, Telanaipura, Danau Sipin and Danau Teluk. This sex distribution is as shown in the table below.

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Table 4.41. Number of Jambi City Population by District, Sex and Sex Ratio, 2017 (Person)

District Male Female Total Sex ratio

1. Kota Baru

38 174 37 210 75 384 102.59

2. Alam Barajo

49 295 47 889 97 184 102.94

3. Jambi Selatan

30 415 31 328 61 743 97.09

4. Paal Merah

45 455 44 380 89 835 102.42

5. Jelutung

31 716 31 653 63 369 100.20

6. Pasar Jambi

6 109 6 423 12 532 95.11

7. Telanaipura

25 115 25 367 50 482 99.01

8. Danau Sipin

24 073 24 155 48 228 99.66

9. Danau Teluk

5 999 6 084 12 083 98.60

10. Pelayangan

7 053 6 532 13 585 107.98

11. Jambi Timur 33 632 33 077 66 709 101.68

2017 297 036 294 098 591 134 101.00 2016 293 217 290 270 583 487 101.01 2015 289 713 286 354 576 067 101.17 2014 285 492 282 570 568 062 101.03 2013 286 289 283 042 569 331 101.15 2012 280 121 277 094 557 215 101.09

Source: Jambi Statistical Center Office, 2011 in Jambi in Figures 2012; BPS – Statistics of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

95. Public Health. Hospitals in Jambi City in 2011 are: Jambi Public Hospital, Bratanata (DKT) Hospital, Budhi Graha Hospital, Theresia Hospital, Asia Medika Hospital, MMC Hospital, Bhayangkara Hospital. The number of local government clinics were: Puskesmas, 20 units and Pustu clinic, 38 units. In 2017, the number of health facilities in the city had gone up in numbers as shown in the table below.

Table 4.42. Number of Health Facilities by District in Jambi City 2017 (Units)

District

Hospital

Local government Clinic

Accomplice Local Government Clinic

Integrated Care Unit

1. Kota Baru

1 2 2 50

2. Alam Barajo

2 2 5 55

3. Jambi Selatan

1 2 4 53

4. Paal Merah

1 4 4 49

5. Jelutung

2 2 4 47

6. Pasar Jambi

2 1 1 14

7. Telanaipura

2 2 3 47

8. Danau Sipin

2 1 5 45

9. Danau Teluk

- 1 3 14

10. Pelayangan

- 1 3 12

11. Jambi Timur 2 2 5 74

Total 15 20 39 460

Source: Public Health Service of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures, 2018.

96. As of 2017, the city has a total of 581 medical workers distributed in its districts as shown in the table below. There were only less than 10 percent of doctors in the city and a majority (46%) of its medical workers are composed of midwives, while about 40% are nurses.

Table 4.43. Number of Medical Workers by Distric in Jambi City, 2017 (Person)

40

District Doctor Nurse Midwife Total

1. Kota Baru

8 18 22 48

2. Alam Barajo

7 34 36 77

3. Jambi Selatan

6 28 29 63

4. Paal Merah

9 34 44 87

5. Jelutung

5 18 24 47

6. Pasar Jambi

3 10 12 25

7. Telanaipura

6 32 29 67

8. Danau Sipin

4 21 29 50

9. Danau Teluk

2 14 8 54

10. Pelayangan

2 6 13 21

11. Jambi Timur 6 16 20 42

Total 58 231 266 581

Source: Public Health Service of Jambi City Jambi City in Figures 2018.

97. The ten leading diseases in the city changed profile in 2017 compared with 2011. But the first two remained in the same position while the rest changed. Albeit diarrhea and gastroenteritis ranked No. 7 in 2011, it ranked No. 8 in 2017. The number of cases likewise changed and the first two diseases experienced increases while diarrhea and gastroenteritis cases slightly decreased as shown in the comparative table below.

Table 4.44. 2011 and 2017 Ten Leading Diseases

No. 2011 2017

Disease Total

Patients Disease Total Patients

1. Nasa Pharing Acut 110.556 Nasa Paharingitis Akut 120 587

2. Hypertensi Essensial 30.137 Hipertensi Essential 35 690

3. Pharingitis Acut 27.114 Dermatitis Kotak Alergi 26 921

4. Gastritis 24.474 Pharingitis Akut 24 213

5. Dermatitis 20.806 Gastritis 24 163

6. Muscle and connective tissue

diseases 18.773

Demam Tak Tahu Sebab

22 718

7. Diare and Gastroenteritis 17.060 Sakit Kepala 16 718

8. Influenza 13.496 Diare dan Gastroenteritis

15 822

9. Dental tissue disorders 10.332 Potot dan Jaringan Ikat 13 374

10 Pulpitis 8.204 Myaglia 12 519

TOTAL 280.952 312 725

Source: Jambi Health Office (2011), and Public Health Service of Jambi City (2017), Jambi City in Figures 2012 and 2018.

98. Education. Jambi City’s educational sector includes elementary to university level, non-formal education in the form of various educational and training institutions in all sorts of knowledge needed for development. According to The Ministry of National Education of Jambi City, the total number of state and private schools in Jambi City in 2011/2012, are: kindergarten - 124 units; elementary - 252 units; junior high schools - 89 units; and senior high schools - 89 units. 99. As of 2017, the above numbers had changed based on available time series information. The total number of kindergarten schools reached 171 with a total of 456 classrooms registering a student/teacher ratio of 12.5. The figures between school years varied reaching

41

a peak of 390 schools in 2014/2015 and registering the highest number of students and teachers but with the lowest student/teacher ratio as shown in the table below.

Table 4.45. Number of Kindergarten Schools, Class Rooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number of

School Classroom

Pupil (Person

Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher Ratio

2017/2018 171 456 7 665 613 12.5 2016/2017 186 672 6 396 766 8.35 2015/2016 186 672 6 396 766 8.35 2014/2015 390 581 11 644 1 589 7.33 2013/2014 149 421 7 413 763 9.71

Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

100. During school year 2017/2018, the number of elementary schools, however, had gone down in number to a total of only 229 with an aggregate number of more than 2000 classrooms for both public and private. For public elementary schools, the total number of pupils had actually steadily declined over the school years from school year 2013/2014 (which registered a high number of pupils) until 2017/2018 which also registered declining total number of teachers beginning 2015/2016. Private elementary schools although fewer in number had a steadily increasing number of pupils with variable number of teachers over the school years. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but public elementary schools has generally improved from school year 2013/2014 although private elementary had seen better student/teacher ratio than public elementary schools as shown in the tables below. Table 4.46. Number of Public Elementary Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in

Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number of

School Classroom

Pupil (Person)

Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher Ratio

2017/2018 187 1 640 49367 2399 20.58 2016/2017 187 1 626 50465 2546 19.82 2015/2016 187 1 616 50900 2662 19.12 2014/2015 190 1 678 51272 2241 22.88 2013/2014 184 1 521 53495 589 90.82

Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

Table 4.47. Number of Private Elementary Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number of

School Classroom

Pupil (Person

Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher Ratio

2017/2018 42 582 14269 779 18.31 2016/2017 39 539 13862 808 17.15 2015/2016 39 542 13809 741 18.63 2014/2015 38 440 12623 712 17.73 2013/2014 36 453 11784 752 15.67

Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

101. The total number of junior high schools had also gone down in number to a total of only 68 with an aggregate number of more than 898 classrooms for both public and private. For public junior high schools, the total number of pupils had steadily increased from school year 2015/2016 onwards (after experiencing a decline compared from its highest number in 2014/2015. Private junior high schools on the other hand which are almost twice in number compared with its counterpart but had a total population of about three (3) times less, had a steadily declining number of pupils up until 2017/2018. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but public junior high schools has generally improved from school year

42

2013/2014 (however with potential error in recording) although private junior high schools had seen generally better student/teacher ratio than public junior high schools as shown in the tables below.

Table 4.48. Number of Public Junior High Schools, Pupils, Classrooms and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018 25 595 19797 558 35.48

2016/2017 25 402 19647 - -

2015/2016 25 548 16480 80 20610

2014/2015 25 382 18557 34 545.8011

2013/2014 25 517 17954 86 208.7712 Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

Table 4.49. Number of Private Junior High Schools, Pupils, Classrooms and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

43 303 6525 392 16.6

2016/2017 38 267 5800 415 13.97

2015/2016 38 273 6299 374 16.84

2014/2015 39 269 7232 374 19.33

2013/2014 39 218 7355 682 10.78

102. The total number of senior high schools had also gone down in number to a total of only 68 with an aggregate number of more than 898 classrooms for both public and private. For public senior high schools, the total number of pupils had steadily increased from school year 2015/2016 onwards from a lower base number in 2014. Private senior high schools on the other hand which are almost three times in number compared with its counterpart but had a total population of about twice (2x) lesser in number, had a steadily increasing number of pupils from 2015 up until 2017/2018 after dropping from a high number in 2014. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but public senior high schools has a generally improved ratio from school year 2015 although private senior high schools had seen generally better student/teacher ratio than public senior high schools as shown in the tables below.

Table 4.50. Number of Public Senior High Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

11 322 12040 671 17.94

2016 11 306 12300 691 17.80

2015 11 297 11188 585 19.12

2014 11 268 10241 684 14.97

10 Very unlikely figure but it’s what the source information indicated when computed. 11 Same as in footnotes 3 and 5. 12 Same as in footnotes 3 and 4.

43

Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

Table 4.51. Number of Private Senior High Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018 31 231 5707 359 15.89

2016 30 231 5178 316 16.38 2015 30 221 4563 269 16.96 2014 30 221 5470 402 13.61

Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

103. In 2017, the city had a total number of thirty-six (36) public and private vocational middle schools with a total of more than 500 classrooms; about 14 000 students; and more than 800 teachers. Of the total numbers, the share of the private sector is as follows: more than 80% of the total number of schools; about 60% of the total number of classrooms; about 49% of the total number of students; and about 49% of the total number of teachers. The rest of the total numbers are accounted for by the public. For public vocational middle schools, the total number of students had steadily increased from school year 2014 onwards from a lower base number in 2014. Private vocational middle schools on the other hand had a steadily increasing number of pupils from 2015 up until 2017/2018 after dropping from a high number in 2014. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but public vocational middle schools has a generally better ratio over the years than the private ones as shown in the tables below.

Table 4.52. Number of Public Vocational Middle Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

6 217 7159 439 16.31

2016 5 158 6820 412 16.55

2015 5 136 6025 512 11.77

2014 5 151 5618 392 14.33 Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

Table 4.53. Number of Private Vocational Middle Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

30 317 6843 408 15.77

2016 28 284 6508 395 16.47

2015 25 218 4995 252 19.82

2014 29 253 7859 609 12.92 Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

104. In 2017, the city had a total number of thirty-seven (37) public and private Ibtidaiyah schools with a total of 300 classrooms; about 7 506 students; and 480 teachers. Of these total numbers, the private Ibtidaiyah schools accounted for majority shares of the following: about 97% of the total number of schools; about 92% of the total number of classrooms;

44

about 90% of the total number of students; and about 94% of the total number of teachers. The rest of the total numbers are accounted for by the public. Both the public and private Ibtidaiyah schools had generally steadily increasing number of students from school year 2015 onwards. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but private Ibtidaiyah schools has a generally better ratio over the years than the public ones as shown in the tables below.

Table 4.54. Number of Public Ibtidaiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

1 24 759 31 24.48

2015 1 18 662 28 23.64

2014 1 - 568 29 19.58

2013 1 16 569 29 19.62 Source: Jambi City Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

Table 4.55. Number of Private Ibtidaiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

36 279 6747 449 15.02

2016 36 271 5706 416 13.71 2015 35 248 5555 427 13.01

Source: Jambi City Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

105. In 2017, the city had a total number of thirty-five (35) public and private Tsanawiyah schools with a total of 302 classrooms; about 8 985 students; and 681 teachers. Of these total numbers, the private Tsanawiyah schools accounted for majority shares of the following: about 76% of the total number of schools; about 64% of the total number of classrooms; about 52% of the total number of students; and about 64% of the total number of teachers. The rest of the total numbers are accounted for by the public Tsanawiyah schools. Both the public and private Tsanawiyah schools had generally steadily increasing number of students from school year 2015 onwards. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but private Tsanawiyah schools has a generally better ratio over the years than the public ones as shown in the tables below.

Table 4.56. Number of Public Tsanawiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

6 108 4285 243 17.63

2016 6 105 4067 224 18.15

2015 6 97 3778 228 16.57

Source: Jambi City Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

45

Table 4.57. Number of Private Tsanawiyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils and Teachers by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

29 194 4700 438 10.73 2016 29 185 4916 343 14.33 2015 29 197 5003 5003 10.10

Source: National Education Services of Jambi City, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

106. In 2017, the city had a total number of nineteen (19) public and private Aliyah schools with a total of 157 classrooms; about 4 412 students; and 467 teachers. Of these total numbers, the private Aliyah schools accounted for majority shares of the following: about 84% of the total number of schools; about 60% of the total number of classrooms; about 50% of the total number of students; and about 64% of the total number of teachers. The rest of the total numbers are accounted for by the public Aliyah schools. Both the public and private Aliyah schools had generally steadily increasing number of students from school year 2015 onwards. The student/ratio for each school year exhibited variabilities but private Aliyah schools has a generally better ratio over the years than the public ones as shown in the tables below.

Table 4.58. Number of Public Aliyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils, and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018

3 63 2186 170 12.86

2016 3 60 2078 138

15.06

2015 3 57 1789 117

15.29

Source: Jambi City Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

Table 4.59. Number of Private Aliyah Schools, Classrooms, Pupils, and Teachers in Jambi City by School Year

School Year Number

of School

Classroom Pupil

(Person Teacher (Person)

Student/ Teacher

Ratio 2017/2018 16 94 2226 297 7.49

2016 16 94 2176 195 11.15 2015 16 93 2187 285 7.67

Source: Jambi City Ministry of Religious Affairs Office, Jambi City in Figures 2018 (Re-tabulated from main source table).

107. In 2011/2012, the tertiary education level schools in Jambi City included: Jambi State University, Jambi National Islamic institute, Batanghari University, Secretary and Management Academy, Computer Management College, STIKOM Dinamika Bangsa Baiturrahim Nursing Academy, and Muhammadiyah College. In 2017 based on the latest edition of the Jambi in Figures 2018, the same institutions are still in existence and relevant time series information are provided for each as made available in that report. 108. Jambi University. During the 2017/2018 school year, the university had a total of 23,680 students, 12% of which graduated. For the same school year, the university had a total of 1 019 lecturers with a student-teacher ratio of 23. From 2009/2010 to 2017/2018, the university had experienced steady growth in enrollment. The number of lecturers exhibited variabilities from year to year but had since been steadily increasing since 2014/2015 until

46

the recent school year 2017/2018. Student-teacher ratio had been improving year to year also since 2014/2015 until the recent school year as shown in the table below.

Table 4.60. Number of Jambi University Graduated and Active Student, Lecturer, and Student-Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2008/2009- 2017/2018 (Person)

Years Graduated

Student Student Lecturer Ratio

2009/2010

3.988

13.536

695

19

2011/2012

1.916**

17.827

724

25

2012/2013

2.572

17.307

714

24

2013/2014

3.583

20.959

708

30

2014/2015

4 143

20.179

753

27

2015/2016

3 395

21 290

883

24

2016/2017

3 523

23 189

939

25

2017/2018

3 166

23 680

1 019

23

Source: Jambi University *) Semester Ganjil 2007/2008 **), Jambi City in Figures 2018.

109. Sultan Thaha Public Islamic Institute. During the 2017/2018 school year, the institute had a total of 11 244 students, 11% of which graduated. For the same school year, the institute had a total of 470 lecturers (see footnote) with a student-teacher ratio of 24 (also see footnote). From 2009/2010 to 2017/2018, the institute had generally experienced steady growth in enrollment. The number of lecturers also exhibited variabilities but had since been steadily increasing from 2008/2009 to 2012/2013; from 2014/2015 to 2015/2016; and 2017/2018. Student-teacher ratio varied but had been improving year to year as shown in the table below.

Table 4.61. Number of Sultan Thaha Public Islamic Institute Graduated and Active Student, Lecturer and Student-Lecturer Ratio, 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 (Person)

Years Graduated

Student Student Lecturer Ratio

2008/2009 654 4 477 253 18 2009/2010 788 6 125 261 23 2010/2011 438 5 512 289 19 2011/2012 1 316 6 217 317 20 2012/2013 1 202 6 160 316 19 2013/2014 536 7 201 309 23 2014/2015 1 429 8 147 347 23 2015/2016 1 215 9 061 352 26 2016/2017 1 284 10 403 337 31 2017/2018 1 269 11 244 47013 2414

Source: Sultan Thaha Public Islamic Institute, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

110. Batanghari University. During the 2017/2018 school year, the university had a total of 6 200 students, 14% of which graduated. For the same school year, the university had a total of 205 lecturers with a student-teacher ratio of about 30. From 2009/2010 to 2017/2018, the university had generally experienced variable growth in enrollment which peaked during the

13 Tentatively corrected figure from source table which was 4 708. It would be unlikely considering that the yearly trend was only in the range of between 253 to 337. 14 Tentatively corrected figure from source table which was 6 536. This would be an unlikely number considering that the yearly trend was only in the range of between 18 to 31.

47

2014/2015 school year but dropped by more than 60% in 2015/2016 school year before recovering at a slow rate until the current 2017/2018 school year. The number of lecturers on the other hand has been steadily increasing from 2009/2010 up to the current 2017/2018 school year. Student-teacher ratio varied from year to year as shown in the table below. This ratio is relatively higher compared with the other educational institutions of the city.

Table 4.62. Number of Batanghari University Student, Lecturer and Student-Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2008/2009 to 2017/2018 (Person)

Years Graduated

Student Student Lecturer Ratio

2009/2010 434 4 949 163 30.36

2010/2011 912 5 296 164 32.29 2011/2012 928 5 104 164 31.12 2012/2013 894 4 981 165 30.19 2013/2014 388 5 282 171 30.89 2014/2015 858 9 082 171 30.89 2015/2016 761 5 547 171 32.43

2016/2017 847 6 487 192 33.79

2017/2018 888 6 206 205 30.27 Source: Batanghari University, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

111. Computer Information and Management College. During the 2017/2018 school year, the college had a total of 1 246 students, about 27% of which graduated. For the same school year, the university had a total of 56 lecturers with a student-teacher ratio of 22. From 2008/2009 to 2016/2017, the college had generally experienced variable growth in enrollment which peaked during the 2014/2015 school year but dropped relatively slightly by less than 10% in 2015/2016 school year and by about 13% during the 2016/2017 school year. The number of lecturers also experienced variability in numbers but has since been steadily increasing from 2014/2010 up to the 2016/2017 school year. Student-teacher ratio varied from year to year as shown in the table below.

Table 4.63. Number of Computer Information and Management College Student, Lecturer and Student-Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2007/2008 to 2016/2017 (Person)

Years

Graduated Student

Student

Lecturer

Ratio

2008/2009 88 848 68 12,5 2009/2010 133 829 56 14,8 2010/2011 132 1 265 40 31,36 2011/2012 206 1 485 37 40,14 2012/2013 257 1 528 40 38,2 2013/2014 261*) 1 405 41 34,3 2014/2015 250 1 552 41 37 2015/2016 359 1 433 53 32 2016/2017 336 1 246 56 22 Source: Nurdin Hamzah Computer Management College. Jambi City in Figures 2018.

112. Muhammadyah Institute. During the 2017/2018 school year, the institute had a total of 1 914 students, about 25% of which graduated. For the same school year, the university had a total of 46 lecturers with a student-teacher ratio of 41. The institute had generally experienced variability in enrollment over the years but had reached a peak during the 2013/2014 school year. The number of its regular lecturers had generally declined from its peak in that same school year. Student-teacher ratio varied but in 2017/2018 school year, it reached its peak due to a higher number of students as shown in the table below.

48

Table 4.64. Number of Muhammadyah Institute Graduated and Active Student, Lecturer and Student- Lecturer Ratio, Academic Year 2008/2009 to 2017/2018 (Person))

Years Graduated

Student Active Student Lecturer Ratio

2009/2010

105

1 460

58

25

2010/2011

113

1 397

77

18

2011/2012

214

1 729

77

22

2012/2013

314

1 730

77

22

2013/2014

314

2 420

83

29

2014/2015

203

1 181

41

29

2015/2016

-

1 180

46

26

2016/2017

878

1 691

47

36

2017/2018

477

1 914

46

41

Source: Muhammadyah Institute, Jambi City in Figures 2018.

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V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

113. A comprehensive screening for environmental impacts is made through a review of the parameters associated with sewerage projects against the components of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage subproject and the environment where the facilities will be located. A screening checklist was developed to help identify which topics do not require further attention.

114. The assessment is made on the following phases of the subproject: (i) pre-construction; (ii) construction; and (iii) operation and maintenance. Results of the environmental impacts screening are summarized in Table 5.1, while the discussions of each issue are presented in the succeeding sections. In Table 5.1, impact types and magnitudes are indicated for both impacts without the mitigating measures and the resulting situations when mitigating measures will be implemented. The screening table uses the symbols “+” for positive impacts and “− “for negative impacts. Symbols for impact magnitudes are “∆” for insignificant and “●” for significant. The symbol for an insignificant negative impact is “∆−”, while a significant negative impact is “●−“. The second column of the table indicates the type and magnitudes of the impacts without any mitigating measures being applied. Some impacts have already insignificant magnitudes even without mitigations and mitigating measures are therefore no longer required. The last column of the table indicates the expected impact magnitude after applying the mitigating measures. Hence, a significant negative impact (●−) will become insignificant (∆) after applying the mitigating measures. A summary of the environmental impacts and mitigation measures that should be carried out are detailed in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) at the end of this section as Table 5.2.

115. Environmental impacts arising from decommissioning of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage facilities were also reviewed but are no longer further discussed due to the following: (i) decommissioning of facilities is a remote possibility since these will serve growing urban areas and such facilities are critical for sustaining those areas, (ii) residual waste cleanup is not a major concern since the facilities are not industrial manufacturing plants with potential problems for toxic and hazardous wastes, and (iii) solid wastes from decommissioning is also not a major concern since the WWTP structures are mostly made of reinforced concrete and earth materials. Solid wastes from decommissioning will mostly be recyclable materials such as broken concrete materials, plastic pipes, reinforcing steel bars used in the structures, structural steel, roofing materials, electrical wires, earth materials, etc. A decommissioning plan is appropriately prepared after several years have elapsed after commissioning and by that time, more information regarding operations of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage facilities are available.

Table 5.1. Summary of Environmental Impacts Screening for Jambi City Subproject

Environmental Impacts and Risks Without With

Mitigation Mitigation

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Climate change vulnerability (design aspect) ●− ∆

Climate change mitigation (design aspect) ●− ∆

Conformance to spatial planning na na

Encroachment to environmentally sensitive areas na na

Impacts and risks to biodiversity conservation na na

Potential nuisance and problems to the public ●− ∆

Potential damage to archaeological and cultural assets ●− ∆

Loss of assets (IR concerns) ●− ∆

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Modification of construction site topography na na

Removal of Trees na na

50

Displacement of Rare or Endangered Species na na

Potential damage to archaeological and cultural assets ●− ∆

Soil erosion and sediments of construction sites ●− ∆

Noise from construction equipment ●− ∆

Local air pollution due to construction activities ●− ∆

Oil and other hazardous materials releases ∆− ∆

Vehicular traffic congestion and public access ●− ∆

Hazards to public due to construction activities ●− ∆

Pollution and health risk due to workers camp ●− ∆

Occupational health and safety at work sites ●− ∆

Increase employment opportunity in work sites ●+ ●+

Improper closure of construction sites ●− ∆

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

Pollution due to discharge of poor quality effluents ●− ∆

Noise and dust pollution from WWTP and pumping ∆− ∆

station

WWTP sludge disposal ●− ∆

WWTP’s foul odor off-site migration ●− ∆

Toxic waste generation na na

Pollution to groundwater ●− ∆

Drowning risk in pond and tanks ●− ∆

Health and safety risk in sewerage system operation ●− ∆

Increase employment opportunities ●+ ●+

Legend: n.a. = not applicable; ∆ = insignificant; ● = significant;

+ = positive; - = negative

A. Design/Pre-Construction Phase Considerations

116. Climate Change Vulnerability. Climate change adaptation considerations shall be included in the design of Jambi City’s proposed WWTP at Kasang since it is on a low-lying ground and just beside the Tembuku Stream. Changes in the intensity of extreme weather events as well as gradual changes in climate parameters such as precipitation can be damaging to the proposed WWTP. Inadequate attention to this impact can increase the long-term costs of sewerage investments for Jambi City and increase the likelihood that such investments will fail to deliver the benefits for which they were intended. Flooding could affect the structural integrity of the proposed Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP. Flooding can also prevent the WWTP from operating by reducing the head available across the plant. It may also submerge facility components that are supposed to be dry for proper operation. These situations may result to the release of untreated sewage into the environment and increase the risk to public health.

117. To appropriately address this impact, a simple study has been conducted for the

proposed site of Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP during the base design phase. The elevation

of the nearby flood control structure of approximately 9.5m is used for setting the finished

platform level at the WWTP.

118. Climate Change Mitigation. Climate change mitigation considerations shall be included in the design of Jambi City’s proposed WWTP at Kasang to control greenhouse gas emissions. The membrane covered anaerobic ponds shall be connected by pipework to a flare and avoid releasing the generated methane from the ponds. However, during detailed design, potential use of the generated methane shall be evaluated with due considerations to financial and economic factors.

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119. WWTP Site’s Conformance to Spatial Plan. There is no problem with spatial planning for the proposed WWTP. Jambi City BAPPEDA confirmed that the proposed WWTP site in Kasang was in accordance with the Regional Regulation (PERDA) of Jambi City No. 9 of 2013 concerning Jambi City Spatial Planning 2013-2033. BAPPEDA is a local government body responsible for planning assigned with the preparation and implementation of city development plans and policies.

120. Encroachments to Environmentally Sensitive Areas. There will be no encroachments to environmentally sensitive areas. The sewer network and the proposed Kasang WWTP will be located in the urban areas of Jambi City. The proposed WWTP will be constructed in a site that has been transformed into its present agricultural landscape over the years. These sites are not within undisturbed landscapes. The proposed primary secondary sewer lines will pass through main city streets, while the tertiary sewer lines will be installed in the streets of Jambi City’s built-up areas.

121. Impacts and risks to biodiversity conservation. The issue on impacts and risks to biodiversity conservation is not applicable to the Jambi City subproject since its components will not be located in an areas that have concerns on biodiversity conservation. The sewer network will be located in built-up areas. The areas surrounding the proposed Kasang WWTP site are not undisturbed and over the years the ecological changes due to human activities in the area have resulted to its present agricultural landscape. 122. Nuisance and Problems to the Public. Potential nuisances and problems to the public during construction of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system can best be avoided if proactively addressed during detailed design and pre-construction phase. During detailed design, when the final sewer line alignments are available, consultation and information dissemination to potentially affected people shall be done. Tender documents for the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system shall include provisions addressing potential nuisances and problems to the public during construction. These include environmental management provisions on the following issues: (i) erosion and sediment runoff, (ii) noise and dust, (iii) vehicular traffic, (iv) construction wastes, (v) oil and fuel spillages, (vi) construction camps, and (v) public safety and convenience. These shall also be reflected in the bidding and construction contracts of the proposed sewerage system. 123. During detailed design, construction methods that avoid excavations of the entire proposed sewer alignment, such as pipe jacking and micro-tunneling, shall be evaluated for their applicability (with consideration also to cost implications) to streets with heavy commercial activities.

124. Pipe jacking is a trenchless technique for installing underground pipelines by tunneling. Powerful hydraulic jacks are used to push the pipes through the ground behind a shield at the same time as excavation is taking place within the shield. Micro-tunneling is also a trenchless pipeline installation technology that uses a remotely controlled small tunnel boring machine combined with pipe jacking technique to directly install pipelines underground, such as sewer lines, in a single pass. This has been a proven sewer line installation method for various soil conditions.

125. Potential Damage to Archaeological and Cultural Assets. At present, there are no information of any archaeological and cultural assets that may be affected by excavations works of the proposed sewer lines and the proposed Kasang WWTP. Nevertheless, precautions will be taken to avoid potential damage to any archaeological and cultural assets by inclusion of provisions in tender and construction documents requiring the contractors to immediately stop excavation activities and promptly inform the local authorities and the Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala Jambi (Jambi Archaeological Heritage Preservation) if archaeological and cultural assets are discovered. The handling steps if there are archeological assets in construction activities are shown in Appendix 12.

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126. Loss of Assets. Inventory of losses for the proposed Jambi City’s subproject was made during the planning phase and shall be updated during detailed design phase as soon as the final pipeline alignments and final locations of facilities are available. A plan for compensation and other assistance (separate from this IEE) corresponding to the losses of the affected people was prepared under the PPTA. All payments to affected parties shall be made before the start of construction activities. There will be no people to be physically displaced or resettled for the WWTP.

B. Construction Phase Environmental Impacts

127. Site Preparation. Construction of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system will not involve significant modification of the construction site topography. The proposed WWTP site in Kasang will be stocked as high as 3-4 meters of pile as the safest mitigatian.. Sewer lines installation will not involve changing the topography of the surrounding area. This issue is therefore considered not significant. Removal of trees will not be an issue due to the following: (i) site for proposed Kasang WWTP is an agricultural area and (i) sewer lines will be installed along the right-of-way of existing roads. The issue on displacement of rare or endangered species is not applicable since there are no known rare or endangered species within the proposed site of the site of the proposed WWTP at Kasang. 128. The location of the WWTP is planned in Kasang Village and Kasang Jaya Village, East Jambi Regency, which is located on the banks of the 6 hectare Batanghari River. The water flow in the river is very dependent on tidal water, if the river water is on a tide day, the water flow in the tributary flows upstream, but if the Batang Hari river recedes, the water flow in the tributary is downstream. The distance between the WWTP and the river bank is ± 500 meters and the construction of the WWTP at that location is commensurate with the Batanghari River.

129. Mitigation. The location of WWTPs chosen in the future will be a flood assistance program with the construction of flood barriers, so that it is expected to be free from the flood-prone conditions that occur at this time. The distance between the WWTP and the population is around 500 meters. Near the location of the WWTP at the entrance there is a bridge that crosses the river, and during this time the bridge floor has never sunk, and water as high as 30 cm below the bridge floor. The surface of the WWTP is ideally as high as the bridge base + 10.50 m. So that the land of WWTP must be piled up as high as 3-4 meters and a pile of 6 m wide entrance as high as 4 m along 125 m. Construction of WWTP and its supporting facilities with the Pilling Method as mitigation of flooding.

130. Potential Damage to Archaeological and Cultural Assets. During construction, excavations activities of the proposed sewer lines and the proposed Kasang WWTP have the potential to damage archaeological and cultural assets that lay undiscovered below the ground. Although at present there is no information of any archaeological and cultural assets that may be affected by excavations works, this potential impact requires precautionary measures.

131. Mitigation. An effective approach to avoid potential damage to any archaeological and cultural assets during the construction phase is the inclusion of provisions in construction documents requiring the contractors to immediately stop excavation activities and promptly inform the local authorities and the Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala Jambi (Jambi Archaeological Heritage Preservation) if archaeological and cultural assets are discovered.

132. Soil Erosion and Sediment of Construction Sites. During rainy periods, exposed soil at the construction sites for sewer lines can easily be washed away by runoff and carried to the natural drainage system. Construction of embankments for the WWTP is a potential source of sediments and can easily release soil materials to Tembuku Stream and surrounding area if not provided with sediment control. During rainy periods, soil materials from embankment sections that are not yet stabilized can easily be carried by run off to Tembuku Stream.

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133. Mitigation. Control of the surface runoff is necessary in preventing erosion. The contractor shall be required to use structural erosion prevention and sediment control practices which will divert the storm water flows away from the exposed areas, prevent sediments from moving offsite, and reduce the erosive forces of runoff waters. These may include the following: (i) small interceptor dikes, (ii) pipe slope drains, (iii) grass bale barriers, (iv) sediment traps, and (v) temporary sediment basins. Whenever possible, total exposed area shall be minimized.

134. During construction of embankments for the ponds, the following shall be required in order to control erosion: (i) construction of all permanent erosion control features as soon as practical, such as riprap, and (ii) provision of erosion control blankets for sections not yet stabilized.

135. Construction Noise. Trucks and construction equipment, which can generate noise of 80 dB(A) from a distance of 30 meters are the potential sources of noise during construction of the WWTP and sewer lines. The issue is mostly applicable in the trench excavation activities for the sewer line installation since the lines will pass through built-up areas with establishments and houses. Noise issues at the project location are an important impact that is managed in the AMDAL study and will be monitored continuously. More detail information can be seen in Appendix 13.

136. Mitigation. Nuisance from equipment noise can be mitigated with the use of sound suppression devices for the equipment. In areas near houses or noise-sensitive sites, noisy equipment shall not be operated during nighttime to early morning (19:00H – 06:00H). Noise levels due to construction activities should not exceed 55 dB(A) near schools and residential areas as mandated by GOI’s Decree of Environment Ministry No.48/1996. Temporary noise barriers shall be used in areas determine by PPIU’s supervising engineer. Workers using noisy equipment shall be provided with ear plugs.

137. Local Air Pollution Due to Construction Activities. During dry periods, dust generation can be expected from activities associated with the construction of the Kasang WWTP and the sewer lines such as trenching, earthworks, and soil preparation. Intermittent episodes of localized air pollution from smoke belching equipment may also occur. Other potential sources of air pollution are large stockpiles of construction materials such as soil and aggregates. Without any mitigating measures, dust generation could be problematic during dry periods. This issue is important for the proposed sewer lines installation by trenching along the roads since the sites will be excavated.

138. Mitigation. The contractor should be required to perform regular water spraying of the sites during dusty periods in order to reduce the generation of dusts. He will also be required to use equipment that are properly maintained and are not smoke belchers. Covers for stockpiles of soil and aggregates that will be left idle for a long time shall be required. Covers will prevent dust generation due to wind action. Trucks transporting loose construction materials such as sand, gravel, spoils, and the like shall be provided with tarpaulin cover. This requirement is particularly important in the hauling of backfill materials for the proposed Kasang WWTP due to the significant number of hauling trips.

139. Oil and other hazardous materials releases. Presence of oil products and other hazardous materials are expected in sewerage construction. These include fuel, oil, grease, paints, and solvents. These materials are associated with operation of the construction heavy equipment and vehicles and various construction activities. Some of these materials may accidentally be released to the environment. However, the issue is considered less significant since expected quantities will be relatively small for sewerage construction.

140. However, as part of good construction practice, the contractors will be required to implement an awareness program for all workers regarding the prevention and management of spills and proper disposal of used containers. Fuel and oil shall be stored in

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a designated secured area provided with an impermeable liner to prevent the accidental spills from seeping into the ground.

141. Vehicular Traffic Congestion and Public Access. Installation of sewer lines may cause traffic congestion in heavily traveled roads and narrow streets. It may hinder public access. Sewer lines installation in narrow streets may cause the temporary total closure of the road and will lead to traffic congestion in the area. While sewer line construction in wide streets, such as Jalan Setia Budi, could easily be managed with regards to traffic congestion and pedestrians access to the area, the same could not be said of narrow roads with heavy commercial activities, such as the market area in Jalan Rangkayo Hitam. Transport of backfill materials for the proposed WWTP site may also cause traffic congestion along Jalan Setia Budi if not properly managed. 142. Mitigation. Contractors shall be required to: (i) prepare a traffic plan and (ii) closely coordinate with local authorities for the closure of roads or rerouting of vehicular traffic, and (iii) ensure access in areas with excavations by provision of secured walkways, provision of access between mounds, expedite works in front of shops, steel plates for vehicle passage, and provide signs to direct the pedestrians to access areas. Timing of construction activities in any sites should consider the schedules of local activities with heavy presence of people such as festivities, processions, parades, etc. The environmental impact managed is in the form of an increase in traffic frequency along the road, traffic density, traffic accidents and road damage. This is stated in the environmental management document that must be monitored through an established environmental monitoring document. 143. As discussed in the pre-construction section, construction methods that avoid excavations of the entire proposed sewer alignment, such as pipe jacking and micro-tunneling, shall be evaluated during detailed design for their applicability (with consideration also to cost implications) to streets with heavy commercial activities such as the market area.

144. Hazards to public due to construction activities. Hazards to the public associated with construction activities for the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system are expected since sewer lines shall be constructed in roads. Hazardous driving conditions maybe created in sewer line installation by trenching since vehicles would still be using the road while construction activities are ongoing. The movement of construction vehicles and excavations would pose some hazards to the driving public. There is also risk of people falling down in open trenches since trenches are normally left uncovered until pipeline testing is completed. There is always a potential for hazardous situations since sewer line installation by trenching will require wide trenches in order to accommodate the large sewer pipes.

145. Mitigation. The contractor shall be required to implement a road safety plan incorporated in his proposed construction methodology. Safety measures shall be implemented including: (i) warning signs to alert people of hazards around the construction sites, (ii) barricades, and (iii) night lamps for open trenches. Provision of these measures shall be included in the construction contract specifications.

146. Pollution and Health Risk due to Workers Camp. The contractor is expected to erect temporary workers’ camps during construction of the Jambi City’s sewerage system. Improperly managed silt runoff and sanitary wastes from these camps may reach nearby areas. Poor sanitation and lack of proper solid waste management at the worker’s camp will provide the conditions for vermin and other disease vectors to easily multiply and infect the workers. This may lead to the transmission of diseases from the workers camp to other areas. These conditions will increase public health risk. Areas near the site of the proposed WWTP are potential areas for workers camp.

147. Mitigation. The construction contractor shall be required to: (i) install proper sanitary facilities to prevent the indiscriminate discharge of sanitary wastes at the camps surroundings, (ii) implement proper solid waste management, and (iii) prevent surface

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runoffs from flowing into the workers camps to avoid carrying away any contaminants. The contractor shall be required to use temporary diversion drains, catch drains, and silt-traps at these camps.

148. Occupational Health and Safety at Work Sites. Construction hazards are expected in the implementation of the proposed WWTP, pumping station, and sewer lines. Hazards may exist in all construction sites in many different forms such as sharp edges, falling objects, flying sparks, chemicals, noise and various potentially dangerous situations. Good practices in construction occupational health and safety requires that employers protect their employees from workplace hazards that can cause injury. In the construction phase, the contractor will provide camps for workers as an effort to protect and work safety for its employees and it is included in the general clause of the contract that must be followed by contractor.

149. Mitigation. Contractors shall be required to address the issue on occupational health and safety at the construction sites by: (i) implementing a construction site health and safety management plan, (ii) ensuring that an equipped first aid station is available at all times, (iii) providing the workers with potable water and adequate sanitation facilities, (iv) providing the workers with clean eating areas, and (v) providing the workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards.

150. The construction site safety management plan (CSHSMP) will provide guidance to the contractors’ staff on how good work practices can be carried out on every activity in the construction site to prevent accidents to the workers and the general public. This shall include, among others, emergency procedures and the required resources, clear description of responsibilities and management, specific requirements of occupational health and safety policies and regulations, training requirements, and site safety rules.

151. However, establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful work environment requires responsibilities from both the contractors and their workers. In general, contractors are responsible for: (i) performing a "hazard assessment" of the workplace to identify and control physical and health hazards, (ii) identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees, (iii) training employees in the use and care of the PPE, (iv) maintaining PPE, including replacing worn or damaged PPE, (v) periodically reviewing, updating and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program. Workers should: (i) properly wear PPE (ii) attend training sessions on PPE, (iii) care for, clean and maintain PPE, and (iv) inform a supervisor of the need to repair or replace a PPE.

152. Increase Employment Opportunities at Work Sites. Considerable number of workers will be required for the various construction activities of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system. The impact would be beneficial and significant since employment opportunities in the area will increase for a few years during the construction period.

153. Enhancement. Whenever possible, the contractor shall be required to use the available local labor for these construction activities. The recruitment of workers shall be coordinated with the local officials and Jambi City’s LPMU. 154. Improper Closure of Construction Sites. Construction activities of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system are expected to generate construction solid wastes during construction and after completion of work. This may include used wood materials, steel works cuttings, paint and solvents containers, used oil from equipment, unused aggregates, etc. If not remove from the sites after completion of the construction activities, these solid wastes will cause aesthetic problems and some will be potential sources of contaminants for surface runoffs. Due to the large pipe diameters, considerable amount of surplus excavated soil will be generated by the sewer line construction.

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155. Mitigation. After completion of work activities, the contractor shall be required to remove the construction wastes from the sites before finally leaving them. The entire sites must be free of any construction solid wastes. Implement the required surface restoration. All surplus excavated soil shall be disposed away from the built-up areas to sites approved by the PPIU. Design of disposal sites shall also be approved by the supervising engineer. It will be the contractor’s responsibility to identify suitable sites for disposal of the surplus excavated soil. To ensure the timely removal of the surplus materials associated with the installation of the sewer lines, disposal of surplus excavated soil materials shall be keep abreast with the progress of the construction activities.

C. Operation Phase Environmental Impacts

156. Discharge of Poor-Quality Effluents. The proposed Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP may produce low quality effluents due to operational problems. This situation may happen if the proposed WWTP is: (i) not operated according to its design parameters and (ii) in emergency situations such as lack of power supply for an extended period of time. These situations will lead to poor operational performance and will produce low quality effluents not complying with effluent regulations.

157. Mitigation. The WWTP shall be operated according to its design parameters in order to produce effluent quality satisfying the national effluent regulations (Environment Minister Decree No.112 of 2003 on Domestic Wastewater Quality) with maximum standard for main parameters: 100mg/l of BOD, 100mg/l of suspended solids, and 10mg/l of fats and oil. However, the WWTP will be designed to achieve effluent quality with a maximum BOD of 50 mg/l and TSS of 100 mg/l. The implementing unit of the proposed WWTP shall ensure that its plant operators are properly trained in operating the facility and in handling situations that may lead to poor quality effluents. 158. The requirement for properly trained operators cannot be overemphasized since the proposed WWTP is not a sophisticated system that relies on continuous online performance monitoring instruments. The newly hired WWTP operators shall undergo a one-month hands-on training in an existing WWTP facility. In addition, a WWTP advisor shall be provided intermittently during the initial 3 months of operation. The WWTP advisor shall provide advisory services for a full-week and every other week within the 3-month period. This type of advisory services is very important since the WWTP will be in the start-up phase and also to correct any undesirable operating practices of the newly hired operators. 159. Operating manuals shall be provided to help ensure that the plant is operated as design. Operating manuals shall also guide the operators in handling emergency situations. WWTP design shall consider the reliability of power supply to the mechanical equipment. This is an important aspect of the proposed WWTP since its aerobic process will be dependent on the continuous supply of power to the mechanical equipment. 160. Another prevention measure is to prevent the discharge of industrial wastes into the sewer lines. Industrial waste will affect adversely affect the biological processes in the WWTP and could lead to poor effluent quality. The contractors must refer to the provisions and also the IFS’s EHS General Guidelines (2007), and the EHS Guidelines for Water and Sanitation (2007). This can be done by implementing a local regulation preventing the discharge of industrial wastes into the sewer lines. Industrial waste generators that will connect to the sewer lines must first treat their wastewater conforming to standards applicable to their specific requirements before being allowed to discharge into the sewer system (Kep-51/MENLH/10/1995). However, this will be constrained in its operation because it is related to quality control supervision. 161. Noise and Dust Pollution of WWTP and Pumping Station. Noise of the proposed WWTP will not be an issue during operation since there will be no sources of significant mechanical noise within the site. In addition, potential sources of noise, such as pumps,

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blowers and mounted aerators are inherently provided with enclosures that provide noise attenuation. There will be no operational activities that will cause dust generation. Additional mitigating measures are therefore not necessary for noise and dust pollution.

162. Disposal of Sludge from WWTP. Operation of the WWTP will generate sludge from the treatment processes. The sludge has to be removed regularly to maintain good operational performance. The sludge cannot simply be disposed without proper treatment since it may cause land pollution. However, the frequency of desludging for the Jambi’s Kasang WWTP could be once every 10 years since a allowance is provided in the design concept to allow sludge accumulation for better digestion and avoid frequent desludging.

163. Mitigation. Initially, a sludge dewatering system is not necessary for the first 10 years of operation with the built-in allowance for sludge accumulation. When desludging will finally be done, sludge from the proposed WWTP shall be directed to a sludge dewatering system such as a drying bed or a mechanical dewatering machine. Dewatered sludge shall be hauled and applied to farm lands. However, during detailed design, a biosolids program for the Jambi’s Kasang WWTP shall be developed by adopting appropriate standards from other countries since Indonesia does not have biosolids management standards for WWTPs

164. WWTP’s Foul Odor Off-site Migration. Operation of Jambi’s Kasang WWTP has the potential for generating foul odor that may be carried off-site. Hence, there is a need to prevent the foul odor from escaping the process units and migrating off-site. Potential sources of odor under normal operating conditions are the anaerobic ponds. Aerobic units may also produce bad odor due to lack of air input under extended power failures.

165. Mitigation. Mitigations shall include the following: (i) anaerobic pond shall be covered with a polymer (such as “Hypalon”) to capture odor and biogas for flaring (to minimize the escape of methane gas), (ii) close monitoring of the aerobic units to ensure the conditions are not anaerobic (without enough oxygen), (iii) landscaping with trees and shrubs around the facility shall be done to position them as wind breaks, and (iv) conduct of WWTP’s annual odor audit to identify operational measures that can prevent odor problems.

166. The role of reliable power supply to the mechanical equipment is very important in ensuring adequate odor control and management. The lack of power supply will cause the lack of air input to the aerobic units. If the situation persists for an extended period of time, the resulting anaerobic (without enough oxygen) condition will generate foul odor. During detailed design, it is therefore necessary to carefully evaluate the need for providing emergency electrical power supply to the proposed WWTP.

167. Toxic waste generation. Operation of the proposed Kasang WWTP will not generate any toxic wastes under normal operating conditions. The operation is simply the use of physical and biological processes for treating domestic wastewater. 168. Pollution to Groundwater. Wastewater of the proposed Kasang WWTP may seep into the ground from process units, such tanks and ponds if these facilities are not impermeable. 169. Mitigation. Concrete tanks process units shall be design and constructed as impermeable containers. Wastewater treatment ponds shall be design and constructed with impermeable plastic liners. 170. Drowning Risk in WWTP Tanks and Ponds. The potential for drowning always exists when large tanks and ponds are filled with liquid. Persons and animals falling in the tanks and ponds of the WWTP can drown easily since these are deep facilities. 171. Mitigation. To reduce the risk of drowning in the tanks and ponds, the Kasang WWTP shall be: (i) provided with a safety station with a pole, rope, and flotation device in a visible, well-marked location along the berms, (ii) posted with warning signs indicating that the tanks

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and ponds are deep and that dangers exist, (iii) provided with at least a five-foot-high fence to keep people and animals away, and (iv) provide security personnel to guard the facility.

172. Health and Safety Risks in Sewerage System Operation. Operation of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system has an associated health risk to the workers and the public since sewage is an infectious material. It can cause disease if ingested or if it comes in contact with broken skin. Accidents involving sewage spills at the proposed WWTP can seriously threaten the health and safety of the personnel.

173. Workers’ safety at proposed WWTP relative to the generation of biogas should not be taken lightly. The anaerobic process unit in the WWTP, the anaerobic pond, will generate biogas. Methane in biogas forms explosive mixtures with air. Flammable gases, such as methane, have a lower explosive limit (LEL) and an upper explosive limit (UEL). The LEL is the lowest concentration (in percentage of total volume) of a gas in a mixture with air capable of producing a flash of fire in the presence of an ignition source such as arc or flame, while the UEL is the highest concentration. Methane has an explosive range of 5% to 15%. Explosive mixture of methane gas may accumulate in confined spaces.

174. Another potential risky situation will be the use of chlorine gas as disinfectant of the final effluents. Accidents may occur with chlorine gas handling. Provisions are included for the future use of chlorine gas as disinfectant of the final effluents.

175. Mitigation. Facility hazards identification shall be conducted during the initial operation phase of the sewerage system and updated as necessary. Due to the possibility of methane gas accumulation in confined spaces, hazards identification associated with methane shall be given more attention. A written facility health and safety manual shall be prepared to address the prevention, reduction and control of occupational injury and illness of Jambi City’s sewerage system operation. The manual shall among others: (i) clearly identify conditions that may cause acute workers health and safety problems, (ii) specific requirements that all workers should comply, (iii) include management of spills, and (iv) specify training requirements for health and safety. All workers should have the authority to stop any work if they observe any unsafe conditions that present imminent danger, particularly injury. Utmost care should be taken to avoid sewage spills. Workers shall be trained on health and safety aspects of handling sewage spills. The public should be kept away from the proposed WWTP. A five-foot-high fence shall be provided to keep people away from the WWTP.

176. For methane management, the WWTP shall be provided with a portable digital gas analyzer capable of detecting methane and carbon dioxide. This instrument shall provide sampling and analysis of gas composition in percent by volume of methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, percent LEL of methane, and temperature. Standard gas safety devices, such as flame arresters and pressure relief valves shall be installed at appropriate locations to be determined during detailed design.

177. To reduce the risk of accidental exposure to chlorine gas, a separate chlorine gas building shall be provided. Use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the liquid form of chlorine, shall be evaluated during detailed design for its applicability instead of chlorine gas with consideration on its availability in Indonesia. NaOCl is inherently a safer disinfectant. 178. Increase Employment Opportunities. Operation and maintenance of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system will definitely require a number of workers. The impact would be beneficial since there will be additional employment opportunities in the area. 179. Enhancement. Operating unit of the sewerage system is expected to implement a manpower development program of its workforce. This will help ensure in providing good service to the public and the proper maintenance of its assets.

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180. Cumulative Effects. Cumulative effects generally refer to impacts that are additive or interactive in nature and result from multiple activities over time. In the case of the Jambi City subproject, the cumulative effect would be on the organic and nutrient load to Tembuku Stream, the WWTP’s discharge point. The cumulative positive effect of the proposed Jambi sewerage system is the reduction of the total organic and nutrient loads to the stream since it will capture a significant portion of the domestic wastewater that presently find its way to the rivers. This effect highlights the role of the proposed sewerage system as an environmental improvement infrastructure. 181. In addition, the WWTP effluents to be discharged to Tembuku Stream will have a dilution effect on the stream’s water quality considering the additional flow of 7.6 MLD from the WWTP. This positive effect is more pronounced during periods of less rainfall and lack of rainfall since Tembuku Stream is quite polluted with a BOD range of 71 to 98mg/l.

182. After impacts screening, Table 5.2 lists the environmental impacts and risks that requires mitigation and shall be carried to the EMP Section. Table 5.2. Environmental Impacts and Risks for Inclusion in EMP of Jambi Subproject

Environmental Impacts and Risks Without With

Mitigation Mitigation

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Climate change vulnerability (design aspect) ●− ∆

Climate change mitigation (design aspect) ●− ∆

Potential nuisance and problems to the public ●− ∆

Potential damage to archaeological and cultural assets ●− ∆

Loss of assets (IR concerns) ●− ∆

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Potential damage to archaeological and cultural assets ●− ∆

Soil erosion and sediments of construction sites ●− ∆

Noise from construction equipment ●− ∆

Local air pollution due to construction activities ●− ∆

Oil and other hazardous materials releases ∆− ∆

Vehicular traffic congestion and public access ●− ∆

Hazards to public due to construction activities ●− ∆

Pollution and health risk due to workers camp ●− ∆

Occupational health and safety at work sites ●− ∆

Increase employment opportunity in work sites ●+ ●+

Improper closure of construction sites ●− ∆

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

Pollution due to discharge of poor quality effluents ●− ∆

Noise and dust pollution from WWTP and pumping ∆− ∆

station

WWTP sludge disposal ●− ∆

WWTP’s foul odor off-site migration ●− ∆

Pollution to groundwater ●− ∆

Drowning risk in pond and tanks ●− ∆

Health and safety risk in sewerage system operation ●− ∆

Increase employment opportunities ●+ ●+

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V. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

183. Ensuring subproject success requires meaningful stakeholders’ consultation and participation. Activities for information disclosure, public consultation, and public participation are part of the overall planning, design process, and construction of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject.

184. During preparation of the Jambi City’s Wastewater Investment Master Plan in 2011, information regarding the proposed sewerage subproject was disclosed to the public during the conduct of a willingness to pay survey for sanitation services. 185. Subproject information was also disclosed in focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted as part of the activities for the master plan. 186. Public Consultation. Last 21 September 2012, Jambi City’s BAPPEDA conducted an initial public consultation and formally discussed the proposed sewerage subproject with the stakeholders and requested their views. A total of 18 stakeholders and representatives participated. 187. These are the stakeholders from those areas living near the WWTP, community leaders, and officials of various government offices. Stakeholders expressed support to the proposed sewerage system. Summary of the consultation outcomes is presented in Table 5.3, while the documentations are presented at the appendices. 188. Representative of Jambi City’s Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) explained that the purpose of the public consultation is to seek advice and opinions from the participants about the city’s sanitation development project plan under MSMIP. The participants were informed that Jambi City government has plans to develop a wastewater treatment plant in Kasang village for the proposed sewerage system to avoid soil and groundwater contamination from the wastewater generated by households and businesses. 189. Representative of Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Jambi (Sanitation Office of Jambi City) gave a “powerpoint” presentation of the proposed sewerage subproject. It was explained that the proposed sewerage subproject will be by gravity with wastewater from households and businesses flowing down to the WWTP in Kasang village. 190. After the “powerpoint” presentation, the participants were encouraged to ask question and raise their concerns. The discussions include the issues on an ongoing land acquisition of the site at Kasang village for the proposed WWTP. It also includes issues on sewerage construction and potential odor generation of the wastewater treatment plant. 191. Some participants asked how the price of land to be acquired will be addressed by Jambi City government. It was explained that the city government is following a process and the assessment of land price is being done by an independent appraisal team. 192. Participants asked how project implementation will handle disturbance to the public including traffic jams and impassable roads. It was explained that the city government will require the contractors to conduct its activities with due consideration to the public and minimize impacts including the implementation of traffic management. 193. A community leader from the site of the proposed WWTP asked about the generation of odor during operation of the WWTP. It was explained that the WWTP will use a technology that will avoid odor problems to the surrounding area. The participants were further informed that in some countries, WWTPs are in the centre of the city and have no odor problems since they are properly managed.

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194. During closing, BAPPEDA informed the participants that even if the WWTP subproject is not implemented, Jambi City government will still buy the land at Kasang Village to be used for green open space requirements of the city.

Table 5.3. Summary of Consultation Outcomes

Group Represented Issues/ Concerns Raised Project’s Response

Villagers, Jambi District How the price of land to be acquired will be determined?

Jambi City government is following a process and the assessment of land price is being done by an independent appraisal team

Kasang Village How about if the owner of the land to be acquired live in another far village?

All owners of the land affected by the project will be compensated even if the owner is from another village

Kasang Village Can people from community work in the subproject during implementation?

Local labor will be employed for construction activities, but for WWTP operators, it requires specific competence and skills

Kasang Village What about odor problems during operation of wastewater treatment plant?

WWTP uses technology so that there are no odor pollution to the surrounding area. In some countries, WWTP is in the centre of the city. If WWTP is well managed, odor will not be a bad problem

Kasang Village Sewerage project will cause traffic jams and disturbances, especially for a busy small street

Construction activities will be managed in such a way that minimize impact to communities. Contractors will implement traffic management

Pasar District What should be done further to proceed with this project?

Currently, regulation regarding waste water management is being prepared. A temporary unit which will be the Unit Pelaksanaan Teknis Daerah (UPTD) is being formed for WWTP management. The mayor, who is the head of Indonesia’s association of mayor for urban sanitation is pushing for the implementation of this subproject

Rajawali Village After this public consultation, when is the next meeting?

Public consultation is not only once, another meeting will be conducted. The decision to push with this project will be received within 3 weeks from higher authorities.

195. Another two public consultations were conducted in 2014. A consultation through News Paper (Tribun Jambi) on 17 June 2014 and other is conducted in Auditorium Kecamatan Pasar Jambi on 23 June 2014 attended by total 25 communities’ representatives from Kecamatan Pasar Jambi, Jambi Timur, The project Proponent, and ANDAL consultant. To present the technology options of WWTP Jambi and other issues, a consultation meeting was also conducted in 31 August 2018 attended by total 17 participants.

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196. Future Disclosure and Consultations. Public consultation and participation activities will again be conducted in the future. The Provincial Project Implementation Unit (PPIU) and Jambi City’s Local Project Management Unit (LPMU) shall conduct public consultations and information disclosure during detailed design. Discussions during these consultations are expected to be more focused and detailed since design information will be available such as exact locations and alignments of sewer lines. Views of the stakeholders will be considered in the overall design process. Stakeholders’ consultations shall be continued throughout the construction phase on an area by area basis to sort out any potential problems. These shall be done by the PPIU, LPMU, and contractors prior to actual construction activities. In these construction consultations, specific concerns of the people such as the disturbance associated with the excavations in their area shall be discussed in detail. Records of environmental and social complaints, received during consultations, field visits, informal discussions, and/or formal letters, together with the subsequent follow-up and resolutions of issues shall be kept.

VI. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

197. Local grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is important in the planning and implementation of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage subprojects since any complaints and concerns of the affected people must be addressed promptly at no costs to the complainant and without retribution. There will be 2 GRMs. The first one shall address the grievances associated directly with the construction activities, while the second one shall address the grievances on land acquisition, compensation and resettlement. Both GRMs were presented to stakeholders’ representatives during the initial public consultation meeting last 21 September 2012. The GRM for the construction activities shall be explained fully to the various areas where construction activities are expected. This is appropriately done during public consultations in the detailed design phase when actual alignments will made for the proposed works. During the operational life of Jambi City’s sewerage system, complaints about its environmental performance can also be brought to the attention of the local environment agency, the Jambi Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH).

A. Construction Activities Grievances

198. The GRM for the construction activities shall again be disclosed to the public in consultation meetings during the design phase of the subproject and before the start of construction activities. The proposed Jambi City’s Local Project Management Unit (LPMU) and the contractors shall inform the local officials and representatives, such as district and village, about the GRM. There will be three levels of GRM. The first level GRM shall handle the first instance of a complaint. If not resolve, then the complainant shall go to the next levels.

199. First Level GRM. A fast resolution to most grievances during construction can easily be handled by the contractors’ representatives at the construction site and whenever necessary together with the construction supervision consultants. At this first level, the grievance should be resolved within 2 days maximum. If the complaint is not resolved at this level, the complainant may elevate his grievances to the second level GRM which is the temporary City Sewerage Environmental Complaints Committee (CSECC).

200. Second Level GRM. In every Kelurahan, where a construction activity shall be implemented, an ad-hoc CSECC shall be created and shall be chaired by City’s Chief of the LPMU which could be Unit Perlaksanaan Teknis Daerah (UPTD) or other equivalent. Members shall include the following: (i) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or Construction Superintendent, (ii) village (Kelurahan) Chief or his representative, and (iii) a women organization’s representative. Creation of the CSECC and its operation, including the procedures for filing of complaints, shall be included in appropriate sections of the civil works contracts with the contractors. This mechanism shall be disclosed in

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public consultations during detailed design and in public meetings during the construction phase.

201. Fast resolution of complaints during construction is important since activities are sometimes continuous and several changes may occur within a week. For the quick filing of complaints, the CSECC shall prepare a form to be used for the filing of complaints. The use of form will also facilitate the filing of complaints by persons who cannot write through the assistance of another person. 202. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for handling are the following: (i) complainant shall provide the background information and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the CSECC. The CSECC secretary shall assist the complainant in filling-up the complaint form; (ii) within 2 working days, the City’s LPMU Chief, contractor’s representative, and complainant shall discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a CSECC meeting; (iii) if the complaint cannot be resolved by the City’s LPMU Chief and contractor’s representative, a CSECC meeting shall be called with the complainant to resolve the complaint within 5 working days. 203. Third Level GRM. If the complaint cannot be resolved at the CSECC, the complainant shall go to the courts and file the necessary charges.

Table 6.1. GRM Processing of Complaints

GRM Level Maximum number Persons to handle the complaint

of days to decide

on complaint

First level 2 days Contractors’ Representatives at the construction

site

2 days City’s LPMU Chief, contractor’s representative

Second level 5 days temporary City Sewerage Environmental

Complaints Committee (CSECC)

Third level --- Courts

B. Resettlement Activities Grievances

204. A separate report on Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) was prepared for the Jambi City’s subproject. The said report contains a GRM addressing land acquisition and other concerns on involuntary resettlement.

C. Complaints to Jambi City’s Badan Lingkungan Hidup

205. Complaints about environmental performance of projects issued an Environmental Permit can also be brought to the attention of Jambi City’s Badan Lingkungan Hidup, the local agency responsible for enforcing the AMDAL system. It is also involved in monitoring the water quality of rivers.

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VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

206. This section addresses the need for mitigation and management measures for Jambi City’s subproject. Information includes: (i) mitigating measures to be implemented, (ii) required monitoring associated with the mitigating measures, and (iii) implementation arrangement. Institutional set-up is presented in the implementation arrangement and discusses the roles during implementation and the required monitoring. It also outlines the requirements and responsibilities during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases.

A. Environmental Mitigation

207. Table 8.1 presents the information on: (i) required measures for each environmental impact that requires mitigation, (ii) locations where the measures apply, (iii) associated cost, and (iv) responsibility for implementing the measures. Details of mitigating measures are already discussed in Section V where the need for mitigation of each impact was determined in the screening process.

208. During the pre-construction phase, the cost of preparing tender documents with provisions for the required environmental measures are part of the design consultant’s contract, while the cost to Jambi City’s Local Project Management Unit (LPMU) is the cost of meetings for stakeholders’ consultations which are minimal costs to the LPMU. During construction, all cost of environmental mitigation measures shall be borne by the contractor and are considered part of their contracts as specified in the technical specifications. During the operation phase, all cost of mitigation measures are part of the operation and maintenance costs of Jambi City’s sewerage system, while some were already included in the construction of particular items.

209. For budgetary purposes of the overall MSMIP cost, the EMP costs shall not be taken as separate environmental costs since they are already part of specific items such as the design consultant’s contract, contractors’ contracts, and Jambi City’s operation and maintenance costs. Capacity building cost is part of overall MSMIP capacity building program which shall address the capacity building needs of all subprojects under MSMIP.

210. Budget for Environmental Mitigation Measures of Construction. The construction contract documents shall contain a provision allocating part of the construction cost for the implementation of the environmental mitigating measures during construction. For budgetary purposes, this is estimated at 1% of the total direct cost of the WWTP and the sewer lines. For the Jambi City’s subproject, the estimated amount is US$ 0.21million.

211. To ensure that funds will be allocated during subproject implementation, the tender documents during the bidding process shall include a lump sum bid item in the bill of quantities to be titled “Environmental Mitigation Measures”. It shall be clarified in the specification documents that the environmental mitigating measures identified in the construction EMP are to be charged to this item. This will allow the construction supervision engineer to require the contractor to quickly address the environmental issues during construction.

Table 8.1. Environmental Mitigation Plan of Jambi City’s Subproject

Project Potential Proposed Mitigation Measure Location Mitigation Cost Responsibility Activity Environmental or Enhancement Measure Implementation/

Impact Supervision PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Ensure Climate change Conduct of hydrology and WWTP site Part of detailed Design climate- vulnerability of flooding study for the proposed design cost Consultants/

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proofing of WWTP WWTP site to ensure that PPIU and CPMU WWTP occurrence of flooding is properly

evaluated; study to be used for

WWTP design and engineering

specifications to ensure that it is

less vulnerable to extreme flood

events considering climate

changes

Addressing Escape of membrane covered anaerobic WWTP Part of detailed Design greenhouse WWTP’s ponds shall be connected by design cost Consultants/ gas emission greenhouse pipework to a flare for burning to PPIU and CPMU in design gas avoid releasing the generated

methane from the ponds

Social and Potential Consultation with the affected Sewer line Part of detailed Design community nuisance and communities regarding the routes, design cost Consultants, concerns problems to the expected impacts and proposed WWTP sit PPIU, and LPMU

public from mitigation measures of the / CPMU Jami City’s project; Tender documents shall

sewerage include provisions addressing the

system potential nuisances and

implementation problems to the public during

construction phase

During detailed design, construction methods that avoid

excavations of the entire

proposed sewer alignment, such

as pipe jacking and micro-

tunneling, shall be evaluated for

their applicability (with

consideration also to cost

implications) to streets with

heavy commercial activities

Excavation Potential Tender documents shall include Sewer line Part of detailed Design requirements damage to a provision that will require trenches, design cost Consultants/

archaeological construction activities to be civil works PPIU and CPMU and cultural stopped immediately upon excavations

assets discovery of any archaeological

and cultural relics; Jambi City

government and the Balai

Pelestarian Peninggalan

Purbakala Jambi (Jambi

Archaeological Heritage

Preservation) will be informed

promptly

IR concerns Loss of assets Compensation and other Pipelines Part of detailed Design assistance for loss of assets and routes, design cost; Consultants/ land acquisition; Consultation WWTP site separate land Jambi City and information dissemination to acquisition costs government / affected people. PPIU and CPMU

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Sewer lines Potential Contractors shall stopped Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / installation, damage to immediately the activities upon routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP archaeological discovery of any archaeological WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, and cultural and cultural relics; Jambi City US$ 019 million Consultants and other assets government and the Balai as environmental

civil works Pelestarian Peninggalan mitigations

Purbakala Jambi (Jambi allocation of

Archaeological Heritage construction

Preservation) will be informed contract

promptly

Sewer lines Soil erosion Total exposed area shall be Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / installation, and sediments minimized; divert storm water routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP of construction flows away from the exposed WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, sites areas and sediment controls US$ 019 million Consultants and other using small interceptor dikes, as environmental

civil works pipe slope drains, grass bale mitigations

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Project Potential Proposed Mitigation Measure Location Mitigation Cost Responsibility Activity Environmental or Enhancement Measure Implementation/

Impact Supervision

barriers, sediment traps, and allocation of

temporary sediment basins; construction

isolation barrier for raw water contract

intake

construction of embankments for the ponds, requires: (i)

construction of all permanent

erosion control features as soon

as practical, such as riprap, and

(ii) provision of erosion control

blankets for sections not yet

stabilized

Sewer lines Nuisance from not to operate noisy equipment Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / installation, noise of during nighttime (19:00 – 06:00); routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP construction sound suppression for WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, equipment equipment; ear plugs for workers; US$ 0.21 million Consultants and other noise levels not to exceed 55 as environmental

civil works dB(A) near schools and mitigations

residential areas as mandated by allocation of

GOI’s regulation; use of construction

temporary noise barriers contract

Sewer lines Air pollution Water spraying for dust control; Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / installation, due to construction materials with routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP construction potential for significant dust WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, activities generation shall be covered; not US$ 0.21 million Consultants and other smoke belchers equipment; as environmental

civil works Trucks transporting loose mitigations

construction materials such as allocation of

sand, gravel, spoils, and the like construction

shall be provided with tarpaulin contract

cover

Sewer lines Vehicular traffic Close coordination with local Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / installation, congestion and authorities in road closure and routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP hindrance to traffic rerouting; contractor’s WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, public access traffic plan; provision of planks, US$ 0.21 million Consultants and other provision of access between as environmental

civil works mounds, steel plates for vehicle mitigations

passage, expedite works in front allocation of

of shops, and provide signs to construction

direct the pedestrians to access contract

areas; timing of construction

activities in any sites should

consider the schedules of local

activities with heavy presence of

people such as festivities,

processions, parades, etc.

Use of construction methods that avoid excavations of the entire

proposed sewer alignment, such

as pipe jacking and micro-

tunneling

Sewer lines Hazard to Implement road safety plan and Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / installation, public due to safety measures including routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP construction warning signs to alert people of WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, activities hazards around the construction US$ 0.21 million Consultants and other sites, barricades, and night as environmental

civil works lamps for open trenches in sewer mitigations

lines installation allocation of

construction

contract

Sewer lines Pollution and Proper camp sanitation; Workers Incorporated in Contractor / installation, health risks installation of sanitary facilities; camp construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP due to workers solid waste management; contract; part of Supervision construction, camp surface runoffs control US$ 0.21 million Consultants and other as environmental

civil works mitigations

allocation of

construction

contract

Sewer lines Occupational Implement construction health Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor /

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Project Potential Proposed Mitigation Measure Location Mitigation Cost Responsibility Activity Environmental or Enhancement Measure Implementation/

Impact Supervision

installation, health and and safety management plan, routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, WWTP safety at work provision of equipped first aid WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction, sites station at all times, workers US$ 0.21 million Consultants and other provided with potable water, as environmental

civil works adequate sanitation facilities, mitigations

clean eating areas, and personal allocation of

protective equipment (PPE) to construction

minimize exposure to a variety of contract

hazards

Sewer lines Increase Contractor required to give Sewer line No cost Contractor / installation, employment preference to local labor; workers routes, CPMU, PPIU, WWTP opportunities recruitment to be coordinated WWTP site Supervision construction, with local officials and LPMU Consultants and other

civil works

Rehabilitation Improper Removal of all construction Sewer line Incorporated in Contractor / and closure closure of wastes and implement surface routes, construction CPMU, PPIU, of construction restoration; proper disposal of WWTP site contract; part of Supervision construction sites surplus soil to suitable sites away US$ 0.21 million Consultants sites from built-up areas as environmental

mitigations

allocation of

construction

contract

OPERATION PHASE

Sewerage Discharge of WWTP operated according to its Sewer line, Part of operation Jambi City’ Unit system WWTP poor design parameters; ensure plant WWTP & maintenance Perlaksan operation quality effluents operators are properly trained in costs Teknis Daerah

operating the facility and in (UPTD)/ Jambi handling situations that may lead City’s BLH to poor quality effluents;

provision of WWTP operating

manuals; WWTP shall have

reliable power supply to the

mechanical equipment; local

regulation to prevent discharge of

industrial wastes into the sewer

lines

WWTP Noise of Ensure that potential sources of WWTP Part of operation Jambi City’ Unit operation WWTP noise, such as pumps, blowers & maintenance Perlaksan

and mounted aerators are costs Teknis Daerah inherently provided with (UPTD)/ Jambi enclosures that provide noise City’s BLH attenuation

WWTP Disposal of No sludge dewatering for initial WWTP Part of capital, Jambi City’ Unit operation sludge from 10 years; WWTP sludge be sent operation & Perlaksan

WWTP to sludge drying bed or maintenance Teknis Daerah mechanical dewatering system; costs (UPTD) / Jambi dewatered sludge to be hauled City’s BLH and applied to farm lands; during

detailed design, a biosolids

program for the WWTP shall be

developed by adopting

appropriate standards from other

countries since Indonesia does

not have biosolids management

standards for WWTPs

WWTP WWTP foul Odor control and management WWTP Part of capital & Jambi City’ Unit operation odor offsite include: (i) membrane covered maintenance Perlaksan

migration anaerobic ponds connected by costs Teknis Daerah pipework to a flare for burning (UPTD)/ Jambi , (ii) close monitoring of the City’s BLH aerobic units to ensure

conditions are not anaerobic, (iii)

landscaping with trees and

shrubs around the facility be

positioned as wind breaks, and

(iv) conduct of WWTP’s annual

odor audit to identify operational

measures that can prevent odor

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Project Potential Proposed Mitigation Measure Location Mitigation Cost Responsibility Activity Environmental or Enhancement Measure Implementation/

Impact Supervision

problem

WWTP Pollution to Concrete tanks process units WWTP Part of capital & Jambi City’ Unit operation groundwater shall be design and constructed maintenance Perlaksan

as impermeable containers; costs Teknis Daerah WWTP treatment ponds shall be (UPTD)/ Jambi design and constructed with City’s BLH impermeable plastic liners

WWTP Drowning risk WWTP shall be: (i) provided with WWTP Part of capital, Jambi City’ Unit operation in WWP tanks a safety station with a pole, rope, operation & Perlaksan

and ponds and flotation device in a visible, maintenance Teknis Daerah well-marked location along the costs (UPTD)/ Jambi berms, (ii) posted with warning City’s BLH signs indicating that tanks and

ponds are deep and that dangers

exist, (iii) provided with at least a

five-foot-high fence to keep

people and animals away, and

(iv) provided with security

personnel to guard the facility

Sewerage Health and Conduct facility hazards Sewer line Part of capital, Jambi City’ Unit system safety risks in identification during initial routes, operation & Perlaksan operation sewerage operation phase; written facility WWTP site maintenance Teknis Daerah

system health and safety manual to costs (UPTD)/ Jambi operation address the prevention, reduction City’s BLH and control of occupational injury

and illness; all workers

authorized to stop any work if

they observe any unsafe

conditions that present imminent

danger, particularly injury;

workers to be trained on health

and safety aspects of handling

sewage spills; five-foot-high

fence to be provided to keep

people away from the WWTP;

standard gas safety devices,

such as flame arresters and

pressure relief valves be installed

at appropriate locations to be

determined during detailed

design; operators to be provided

with portable digital gas analyzer

capable of detecting methane

and carbon dioxide; separate

chlorine gas building; during

detailed design evaluate the use

of sodium hypochlorite instead of

chlorine gas as disinfectant

212. Although details of the required mitigating measures are already discussed in the screening for impacts, the following items are discussed further to highlight their importance: (i) tender documents and construction contracts, (ii) contractor’s environmental management plan, (iii) sewerage system operations manual, and (iv) unanticipated environmental impacts.

213. Tender Documents and Construction Contracts. Jambi City’s subproject’s EMP shall form part of the bidding and contract documents. Environmentally responsible procurement advocates the inclusion in construction contract documents the provisions addressing the management of environmental impacts and risk during construction. This includes the contractor’s submittal of a Contractor’s EMP (CEMP). Tender documents and construction contracts shall therefore include environmental management provisions on the following issues: (i) erosion and sediment runoff, (ii) noise and dust, (iii) vehicular traffic, (iv) construction wastes, (v) oil and fuel spillages, (vi) construction camps, and (vii) public safety and convenience, (viii) occupational health and safety, (ix) proper closure of construction sites, and (x) potential damage to any archaeological and cultural assets.

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214. Contractor’s EMP. During construction of the proposed Jambi City sewerage system, each contractor will be guided by its detailed Contractor’s EMP (CEMP). This shall be based on the Jambi City’s subproject’s EMP with details on staff, resources, implementation schedules, and monitoring procedures. The agreed CEMP will be the basis for monitoring by CPMU, Jambi Province’s PPIU, and Jambi City’s LPMU and other monitoring parties. Inclusion in construction contract documents the provisions requiring the contractor to submit a CEMP is important since the contractor will be legally required to allocate a budget for mitigation measures implementation. The CEMP will allow Jambi Province’s PPIU construction supervision engineer to focus on what are specific items expected from the contractor regarding environmental safeguards on a day-to-day basis. With the CEMP, PPIU can easily verify the associated environmental requirements each time the contractor will request approval for work schedules.

215. The CEMP shall be prepared by all contractors before the start of the construction works and shall be approved by the CPMU and Jambi Province’s PPIU. This requirement shall be included in the construction contracts. It shall provide details on specific items related to the environmental aspects during construction. It shall include specifications on requirements for dust control, erosion and sediment control, avoidance of casual standing water, management of solid wastes, workers’ camp sanitation, pollution from oil, grease, fuel spills, and other materials due to the operation of construction machineries, safety and traffic management, avoidance of inconveniences to the public, air and noise pollution control. It shall also include guidance on the proper design of the construction zone, careful management of stockpiles, vegetation, topsoil, and vehicles and machinery.

216. Sewerage System Operations Manuals. Jambi City’s UPTD shall ensure that operations manuals are available prior to operating the sewer network and the WWTP. These manuals shall provide the standard operating procedures of the proposed sewerage system. It shall also include, among others, on how to address the issues on environmental and health and safety of workers and the public.

217. Unanticipated Environmental Impacts. Where unanticipated environmental impacts become apparent during project implementation, CPMU and Jambi Province’s PPIU shall prepare a supplementary environmental assessment and EMP to assess the potential impacts and outline mitigation measures and resources to address those impacts.

B. Environmental Monitoring

218. Table 8.2 presents the information on: (i) aspects or parameter to be monitored, (ii) location where monitoring is applicable, (iii) means of monitoring, (iv) frequency of monitoring, (v) responsibility of compliance monitoring, and (vi) cost of monitoring.

219. The Jambi Province’s PPIU Environment Officer shall provide the CPMU with its monthly environmental monitoring reports. The CPMU shall consolidate all monthly environmental monitoring reports of all subprojects and prepare a monthly and quarterly environmental monitoring report. Using the quarterly reports, the CPMU shall prepare the semi-annual environmental safeguards progress report of MSMIP which shall be submitted to ADB and detailing the status of mitigating measures implementation. The suggested outline of the monitoring reports is presented in Appendix 8. Roles of the CPMU and the PPIU are outlined in the succeeding section for institutional arrangement.

220. Environmental Monitoring Cost. Monitoring cost for pre-construction is minimal cost to CPMU since this is simply verification by the CPMU on whether the EMP is included in tender and contract documents. Construction monitoring cost is minimal cost to Jambi Province’s PPIU since it will be their personnel who will do checking/ inspections of the construction activities and its part of their operational costs. Monitoring cost of construction supervision consultants are also minimal costs since this is checking/ inspections cost and part of their contracts. The cost to Jambi City’s LPMU for the GRM is also minimal cost since these are only meetings for resolving the complaints and it is included in the contractor’s contract. During the operation phase, effluent monitoring costs is part of Jambi City’s UPTD operational cost using its own small laboratory.

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Cost for monitoring of other activities such as sludge disposal, generation of odor, safety and health issues are minimal costs to since these are checking/ inspections activities only.

Table 8.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan of Jambi City’s Subproject Aspects/ Parameters Location Means of Monitoring Mitigation Compliance Monitoring to be monitored Monitoring Frequency Respon- Monitoring Cost

sibility Respon-

sibility

PRE-

CONSTRUCTION

WWTP design and WWTP site Verify study once Design CPMU/ PPIU Part of project engineering and consultants management in specifications based engineering detailed design on hydrology and specifications (minimal cost) flooding study

methane capture WWTP Verify Twice – draft Design CPMU/ PPIU Part of project system and flare are engineering and final tender consultants management in included in WWTP specifications documents detailed design design and (minimal cost) specifications

Consultation Sewer line Verify draft and After Jambi City’s CPMU/ PPIU Part of project meetings; Specific routes, final tender completion of LPMU/ management in provisions in tender WWTP site documents meetings; Design detailed design documents on surroundings Twice – draft consultants (minimal cost) nuisance & problems and final tender

to public documents

Specific provision in Sewer line Verify draft and Twice – draft Design CPMU/ PPIU Part of project tender documents on trenches, civil final tender and final tender consultants management in archeological/ cultural works documents documents detailed design relics excavations (minimal cost) Consultation Pipelines Verify meetings After Jambi City’s CPMU/ PPIU Part of project meetings; payments routes, documentation; completion of LPMU/ management in to affected people WWTP site Verify plans meetings; upon Design detailed design

and IR completion of consultants (minimal cost) payments payments

CONSTRUCTION

PHASE

Presence of Sewer line Visual Daily contractor Construction Part of archeological/ cultural routes, inspection of supervision consultant’s relics in excavations WWTP site sites consultants, construction

CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU

Total area to be Sewer line Visual Daily during contractor Construction Part of exposed; runoff routes, inspection of rainy periods supervision consultant’s flowing into disturbed WWTP site sites; plans consultants, construction sites verification CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision

LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU

noise levels not to Sewer line Use of sound Daily contractor Construction Part of exceed 55 dB(A) near routes, levels meter; supervision consultant’s schools and WWTP site visual consultants, construction residential areas; inspection of CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision noisy equipment not sites LPMU contract; operated between minimal cost to

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Aspects/ Parameters Location Means of Monitoring Mitigation Compliance Monitoring to be monitored Monitoring Frequency Respon- Monitoring Cost sibility Respon-

sibility

19:00 – 06:00hrs;ear CPMU/ PPIU plugs for workers

Dust, cover of Sewer line Visual Daily contractor Construction Part of stockpiles, smoke routes, inspection of supervision consultant’s belching WWTP site sites consultants, construction CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU Road closure and Sewer line traffic plans weekly contractor Construction Part of traffic rerouting; traffic routes, verification; supervision consultant’s plan; temporary WWTP site visual consultants, construction access facilities inspection of CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision sites LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU Road safety plan; Sewer line Visual Daily contractor Construction Part of warning signs, routes, inspection of supervision consultant’s barricades, and night WWTP site sites consultants, construction lamps CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU Sanitary toilets, Workers Visual Once before contractor Construction Part of garbage bins, runoff camp inspection of start of supervision consultant’s controls in camps sites construction consultants, construction and once CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision monthly LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU Health and safety Sewer line Visual Daily contractor Construction Part of plan; first aid station; routes, inspection of supervision consultant’s PPE, sanitation WWTP site sites consultants, construction facilities CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU Number of local labor Sewer line Verification of Once a month contractor Construction Part of employed routes, contractor’s supervision consultant’s WWTP site records consultants, construction CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU Construction wastes; Sewer line Visual Once before contractor Construction Part of surplus soil not routes, inspection of final stage of supervision consultant’s removed WWTP site sites demobilization; consultants, construction weekly for CPMU/ PPIU/ supervision surplus soil LPMU contract; minimal cost to CPMU/ PPIU

OPERATION PHASE

Effluent quality not to Sewer line, effluent twice monthly Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Part of WWTP exceed 50mg/l of WWTP sampling and Unit Perlaksan BLH Operating BOD, 100mg/l of laboratory Teknis Daerah Unit’s operation

suspended solids,

(UPTD)

cost/ tests

and 10mg/l of fats and (USD2,000

oil (consistent with /year) GOI’s National

Standards for Effluent

Quality, Ministry of

Environment Decree

112, 2003)

Presence of noise WWTP Visual Once a year Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Minimal cost to attenuation inspection of Unit Perlaksan BLH BLH since this enclosures for pumps, sites Teknis Daerah is an annual blowers and mounted (UPTD) visual aerators inspection Sludge volume; WWTP Visual Once a year Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Minimal cost to biosolids strategy for inspection of Unit Perlaksan BLH BLH since this the WWTP initiated sites; verify Teknis Daerah is an annual strategy for (UPTD) visual

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Aspects/ Parameters Location Means of Monitoring Mitigation Compliance Monitoring to be monitored Monitoring Frequency Respon- Monitoring Cost

sibility Respon-

sibility

biosolids inspection flare and odor control WWTP Visual Once a year Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Minimal cost to units operational; no inspection of Unit Perlaksan BLH BLH since this odor of aerobic units; sites; verify Teknis Daerah is an annual annual odor audit records of (UPTD) visual conducted annual odor inspection

audit

Integrity of concrete WWTP Visual Once a year Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Minimal cost to and impermeable inspection of Unit Perlaksan BLH BLH since this plastic liners WWTP Teknis Daerah is an annual

(UPTD) visual inspection

safety station, WWTP Visual Once a year Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Minimal cost to warning signs, and inspection of Unit Perlaksan BLH BLH since this fence WWTP Teknis Daerah is an annual

(UPTD) visual inspection

Health safety plan; Sewer line Visual Once a year Jambi City’ Jambi City’s Minimal cost to workers training routes, inspection of Unit Perlaksan BLH BLH since this

WWTP site WWTP; verify Teknis Daerah is an annual workers (UPTD) visual training records inspection

221. Project Performance Monitoring. Project performance monitoring presents the desired outcomes as measurable events by providing parameters or aspects that can be monitored and verified (Table 8.3). Tendering process advocating environmentally responsible procurement is a desired outcome during the pre-construction phase. This can easily be verified by checking if EMP requirements are incorporated in construction contracts. Construction phase desired outcomes include effective management of environmental impacts and reduce risk to public. For the operation phase, the WWTP discharges shall meet GOI’s standards for BOD, suspended solids, oil and fats.

Table 8.3. Project Performance Monitoring of Jambi City’s Subproject Aspects / Means of Monitorng Implemen- Compliance Monitoring

Desired Outcomes Parameters Monitoring Frequency tation Monitoring Cost to be

monitored

PRE-CONSTRUCTION

PHASE

Detailed design is EMP Verify detailed Two reviews: Design CPMU Part of environmentally requirements design (i) draft consultants/ project responsive incorporated documents detailed PPIU manageme

in detailed design nt in design of documents detailed Jambi City’s and (ii) prior to design sewerage approval of (minimal system final cost) documents

Tendering process EMP Verify Prior to Design CPMU Part of advocates requirements construction finalization of consultants/ project environmentally incorporated contract construction PPIU manageme responsible in construction documents contract nt in procurement contracts of documents of tendering

Jambi City’s Jambi City’s (minimal sewerage sewerage cost) system system

CONSTRUCTION

PHASE

Effective management Number of Verification of Once a month Contractor Construction Part of of environmental public contractor’s supervision consultant’s impacts during complaints on records; PPIU/ consultants, construction construction construction LPMU’s CPMU/ PPIU supervision

activities coordination contract; with local minimal officials cost to

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Aspects / Means of Monitorng Implemen- Compliance Monitoring Desired Outcomes Parameters Monitoring Frequency tation Monitoring Cost

to be

monitored

CPMU/ PPIU

Reduce risk to workers Number of Verification of Once a month Contractor Construction Part of and the public during accidents contractor’s supervision consultant’s construction involving records; PPIU/ consultants, construction

construction LPMU’s CPMU/ PPIU supervision activities coordination contract; with local minimal officials cost to CPMU/ PPIU

OPERATION PHASE

WWTP effluents meets Effluent effluent twice monthly Sewerage Jambi City’s Part of GOI’s National quality not to sampling and System BLH WWTP Standards for Effluent exceed 50mg/l laboratory Operating Operating Quality, Ministry of of BOD, tests Unit Unit’s Environment Decree 100mg/l of operation 112, 2003 suspended cost

solids, and (USD2,000 10mg/l of fats /year) and oil

Jambi City’s sewerage Public Verification of Once a year Sewerage Jambi City’s Minimal system operation Complaints on operation System BLH cost acceptable to the public sewerage records Operating

system Unit

operation

C. Implementation Arrangement

222. This subsection presents the: (i) institutional set-up, (ii) implementation schedule, (iii) GOI permits, and (iv) capacity building.

223. Institutional Setup. The institutional setup from the top starts with the Ministry of Public Works as the executing agency of MSMIP with a Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) to be created under its Directorate of Development, Sanitation, Environment and Housing (PPLP), while the implementing agencies at the subproject level are two units working together, the Satuan Kerja (SATKER) for Jambi Province as the Provincial Project Implementation Unit (PPIU) and the Jambi City Local Project Management Unit (LPMU).

224. The CPMU shall appoint a staff, as Environment Officer for MSMIP, to oversee the implementation and monitoring of environmental safeguards requirements. With assistance from the National Environmental Advisor of the Project Implementation Support Consultants (PISC) team, the CPMU shall be responsible for the following activities related to environmental safeguards: (i) confirm that the IEEs are updated in accordance with ADB’s SPS based on detailed designs and submit to ADB for review and approval prior to contract award; (ii) confirm that the required AMDAL, a GOI requirement, has been prepared during detailed design and approved by the respective environment agency, the Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH); (iii) confirm that the EMP is included in the bidding documents and civil works contracts; (iv) ensure Contractor’s EMPs (CEMPs) are prepared by contractors prior to actual construction; (v) establish a system to monitor environmental safeguards of the subprojects including monitoring the indicators set out in the monitoring plan of the EMP; (vi) supervise the implementation of environmental mitigating measures required for the construction activities; (vii) review, monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented CEMPs, and recommend necessary corrective actions; (viii) prepare monthly and quarterly environmental monitoring reports and submit semi-annual environmental monitoring report to ADB; (ix) ensure timely disclosure of final IEE and EMP in locations and form accessible to the public, and (x) address, record, and report on any grievances brought about through the Grievance Redress Mechanism in a timely manner.

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225. The SATKER for Jambi Province, as the PPIU, is the key implementation unit responsible for construction contracts’ supervision of the Jambi City subproject, while Jambi City’s LPMU coordinates the needed local inputs and resources. Environmental Officers will be designated in the PPIU and LPMU to effectively manage the environmental aspects of the Jambi City subproject. The Environment Officer of the PPIU has an important role in ensuring that the required environmental mitigation measures are implemented in a timely manner by actively participating in construction supervision. The Jambi City’s LPMU has an important role in addressing grievances during the construction period. Its chief sits as the chairperson of the ad-hoc City Sewerage Environmental Complaints Committee (CSECC) for Jambi City. LPMU’s Environment Officer shall assist the CSECC.

226. PISC and the Capacity Building Consultants (CBC) shall be engaged to assist the CPMU, PPIU, and LPMU. National Environmental Advisor (part of PISC) will: (i) review the revised IEEs prepared during detailed design stage, (ii) assist CPMU in ensuring that EMPs are included in the bidding documents and civil works contracts; (iii) assist the CPMU, PPIU, and LPMU in monitoring of EMP implementation, (iv) training of CPMU, PPIU, and LPMU staff in environmental safeguards and monitoring; and (v) assist CPMU in preparation of semi-annual environmental monitoring reports.

227. An important capacity building component is the hands-on training and advisory services for Jambi City’s WWTP operators. During the initial years of operation, the sewerage systems will be operated by a temporary unit which will be the Unit Perlaksan Teknis Daerah (UPTD) or another unit to be determined later. The UPTD is considered a practical approach for the interim period since it can easily be formed through a Mayor’s decision, while other units such as the Badan Layanan Umum Daerah (BLUD) will take some time to form due to the legal and other requirements.

228. At the bottom of this institutional set-up are the construction contractors for the Jambi City sewerage system which are responsible for implementing the required environmental mitigation measures as defined by their respective approved CEMP. Close coordination between the contractors and the Environment Officer of PPIU is needed to ensure good planning for mitigation measures and ensure the timely implementation. The contractors are also directly involved in addressing grievances during the construction period since their activities will cause disturbances to the public. Oftentimes, complaints can easily be resolved between the contractors and the complainants. The contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or Construction Superintendent, shall be a member of Jambi City’s CSECC.

229. During the operation phase, environmental impacts will be associated with the operation and maintenance of the sewer networks and WWTPs. There is a need for the UPTD to appoint a staff as Pollution Control Officer/ Environment Officer to attend to the environmental concerns of the sewerage system failures and coordination with the environment agency, the BLH. One of the main concerns is the possibility of poor WWTP performance leading to odor problems and poor effluent quality.

230. External environmental monitoring will be done by BLH as required by its mandate. BLH is tasked to prepare and implement regional policies and rules to promote environment protection and conservation. It reports to the Mayor through the Regional Secretary. Its function is to: (a) formulate and recommend policies on environmental management and (b) prepare and carry out work plans and programs on environmental management and monitoring and AMDAL (EIA system). It is responsible for enforcing

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the AMDAL system. It is also involved in monitoring the water quality of rivers in Jambi City. 231. Table 8.4 presents information on where the environmental aspects are addressed in the institutional setup and the associated requirements for environmental consultants and training consultants.

Table 8.4. Environmental Aspects Institutional Set-up

Unit Unit Functions Responsible for Consultants/

Environmental Aspects/ Functions

Functions

Construction Phase

Ministry of Public Executing

Works’ Directorate Agency for the

General for Human MSMIP; provides

Settlements (Cipta technical

Kayra) supervision and

responsibility

over the

investment

Central Project responsible for CPMU Environment Project

Management Unit MSMIP Officer (to be Implementation

(CPMU) will be implementation in designated); Support

created under the project cities; Consultants (PISC)

Directorate of coordinates with responsible for overall and the Capacity

Development, ADB and other environmental Building

Sanitation, external agencies supervision of Consultants (CBC);

Environment and subprojects;

Housing (PPLP) National

coordinates with PPIU Environmental

and LPMU Environment Advisor (part of

Officers to ensure PISC) will: (i)

environmental review the revised

requirements are IEEs prepared

address effectively; during detailed

design stage, (ii)

responsible for assist CPMU in

semi-annual ensuring that EMPs

environmental are included in the

monitoring reports bidding documents

preparation and civil works

contracts; (iii)

assist the CPMU,

PPIU, and LPMU in

monitoring of EMP

implementation, (iv)

training of CPMU,

PPIU, and LPMU

staff in

environmental

safeguards and

monitoring; and (v)

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assist CPMU in

preparation of

semi-annual

environmental

monitoring reports.

WWTP Training

Consultant (part of

CBC) shall facilitate

hands-on training

of all WWTP

operators

SATKER for Jambi key PPIU Environment Advisory services

Province as the implementation Officer; responsible for to be provided by

Provincial Project unit in the field; overall environmental the National

Implementation Unit supervision of Environmental

(PPIU) Provides construction activities; Advisor (part of

construction ensures that the PISC)

contracts’ Contractor’s EMP is

supervision; properly implemented

closely monitors and monitored;

construction prepares monthly

progress environmental

monitoring reports;

provides input to the

CPMU Environment

Officer in the

preparation of the semi-

annual environmental

monitoring reports

preparation

Jambi City’s Local Monitors LPMU Environment Advisory services

Project implementation of Officer; coordinates to be provided by

Management Unit the project in the with the city’s the National

(LPMU). city and environment agency, Environmental

coordinates the Badan Lingkungan Advisor (part of

needed local Hidup (BLH); assists PISC)

inputs and the PPIU in monitoring

resources; the implementation of

the Contractor’s EMP;

assists the CSECC in

addressing

environmental

complaints; LPMU chief

sits as the Chairperson

of the ad-hoc City

Sewerage

Environmental

Complaints Committee

(CSECC)

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Construction Implement Contractor’s

contractors of the construction Environment Officer (to

proposed Jambi activities; be designated);

City’s sewerage implement the responsible for

system Contractors’ EMP implementation of the

Contractor’s EMP;

coordinates with the

PPIU and LPMU

Environment Officers

and BLH; assist the

Jambi City’s CSECC in

addressing

environmental

complaints; contractor’s

highest official at the

site such as the

Construction Manager

or Construction

Superintendent sits as

a member of the

CSECC

Operation Phase

Jambi City’s Unit Operates Jambi Jambi City’s Pollution WWTP Advisor

Perlaksana Teknis City’s sewerage Control Officer (to (consultant) guides

Daerah (UPTD) or system function also as the Jambi City’s

another service Environment Officer); WWTP operators

delivery unit responsible for all during the initial 3-

environmental matters month period

of the sewerage system

including EMP

implementation and

self-monitoring;

coordinates with the

city’s environment

agency (Badan

Lingkungan Hidup);

The Pollution Control

Officer shall ideally be

the WWTP Supervisor;

ensures WWTP

compliance to effluent

regulations; attend to

permits requirements

for continued WWTP

operation; supervise

the proper operation

and maintenance of

pollution control

devices; prepares

reports required by BLH

including notification if

the WWTP is not

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functioning well due to technical problems; recommend to management any improvements or required additional equipment for better

WWTP compliance to GOI standards

232. Implementation Schedule. As presented in the project description, construction of the Jambi City sewerage system subproject is scheduled to start on the fourth quarter of 2014 and expected to be completed on the second quarter of 2018. CPMU and Jambi City government shall ensure that construction contract provisions related to the contractor’s EMP shall be included in the tendering stage in 2013.

233. GOI Permits. Under GOI’s Environmental Permit Regulation (No.27/2012), Jambi City government shall apply for an Environmental Permit and AMDAL approval from the BLH, the local environment agency. Information on the process for environmental permit and AMDAL processing and timelines is presented in Appendix 1. According to BLH, there will be no problems with the AMDAL processing of this sewerage subproject since it is a priority infrastructure of the city. The BLH is part of the city government’s units.

234. MSMIP Capacity Building. MSMIP implementation will be supported by consulting services for: (i) project management advisory services, including detailed engineering designs, preparation of contract documents, support to PPIUs on construction supervision and quality control; and (ii) institutional development and capacity building. During pre-construction and construction period, it shall be necessary to provide an Environmental Advisor to the CPMU. This shall be the National Environment Specialist of the PISC supporting the CPMU.

235. Capacity Building for WWTP Operators. One of the proactive ways to prevent the proposed Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP from discharging poor quality effluents is to ensure that the WWTP operators are properly trained. While acknowledging the fact that capacity building is a long-term process and is much more than training only, MSMIP shall start with the initial hands-on training of the WWTP operators during pre-operation phase and continue during the initial few months of the operation phase. This part of capacity building shall be divided into 2 parts. Estimated cost of the initial capacity building is presented below. This capacity building for WWTP operators is also reflected in the overall capacity building plan for MSMIP.

236. The first part shall be a hands-on training in a similarly operating WWTP in Indonesia. There are presently operating WWTPs in Indonesia that use aerated and facultative lagoons. Operators hired for the new Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP shall undergo a one-month hands-on training on operating and maintaining a WWTP, together with the new operators of the other MSMIP subprojects. This training shall be facilitated by a local WWTP training consultant. It is necessary to engage the services of a local consultant since this type of training is intensive and requires good communication between the newly hired operators and the training consultant.

237. The second part shall be the actual operation of the new Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP with inputs from a WWTP advisor for a 3-month period intermittently. The WWTP advisor shall provide advisory services for a full-week and every other week within the 3-month period. This type of advisory services is very important since the WWTP will be in the start-

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up phase and also to correct any undesirable operating practices of the newly hired operators. Again, similar to the first part hands-on training, it is necessary to engage the services of a local consultant for effective communication.

Table 8.5. Cost of Capacity Building for Jambi City’s Kasang WWTP Operators

Capacity Building Activity Duration Total Cost

(US$)

1st Part:a

Training of 2 newly-hired 1 month 7,600

WWTP operators

2nd Part:b

WWTP Advisor services 6 weeks 14,000

(in 3-month

spread)

Total Cost 21,600c

Notes: a 1st Part will be a hands-on training of all newly-hired WWTP operators in an existing WWTP. This will be a combined training with the operators of the other MSMIP subprojects. b For the 2nd Part, a WWTP Advisor will be present every other week in the WWTP to guide the operators. c Total Cost for this subproject only.

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IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

238. Similar to many cities in Indonesia, Jambi City does not have a sewerage system that collects domestic wastewater from its central business district and other built-up areas. This situation has resulted to the continuing pollution of the urban streams. The lack of a sewerage infrastructure affects the realization of Jambi City’s vision of becoming a major complement area towards the growth of Sumatra by 2015. Hence, the proposed sewerage system subproject will be one of the major boosts to make Jambi an aesthetically clean and orderly city and provide better access to sanitation facilities.

239. The environmental screening process has highlighted the environmental issues and concerns of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject. The screening has considered the fact that the proposed subproject sites are essentially urban areas. The sewer lines will be installed along urban roads. While the proposed WWTP site at Kasang is presently an agricultural piece of land, it is however, generally located in an urban area. Beyond the eastern border is an urban road (Jalan Setia Budi), while beyond the northern and western borders is another urban road (Jalan Sultan Thaha). Tembuku Creek, the WWTP discharge point, is actually draining a large urban area towards the proposed WWTP site. The creek is therefore carrying domestic wastewater and urban solid wastes. This site is not within undisturbed landscape and can be viewed as a small agricultural patch of land in a basically urban landscape. Hence, the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject is therefore not a new incursion to an ecologically untouched area. An important consideration in analyzing the environmental impacts of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system is the fact that its components are infrastructures for environmental improvement and for reducing the risk to public health from untreated sewage.

240. Based on the screening for potential environmental impacts and risks of the proposed Jambi City subproject, there are no significant negative environmental impacts and risks that cannot be mitigated. With the EMP, the proposed Jambi City subproject can be implemented in an environmentally acceptable manner. There is no need for further environmental assessment study. A full EIA is not warranted and the subproject’s environmental classification as Category B is deemed appropriate. The IEE shall therefore be finalized as the final environmental assessment document of the proposed Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject.

241. Implementation of the proposed Jambi City’s subproject is hereby recommended with emphasis on the following: (i) EMP of Jambi City’s sewerage system subproject shall be included in the design process; (ii) IEE Report/EMP shall be forwarded to the design consultant for consideration in the design process; (iii) Tendering process shall advocate environmentally responsible procurement by ensuring the inclusion of EMP provisions in the bidding and construction contract documents; (iv) Contractor’s submittal of a CEMP shall be included in the construction contract; (v) Contract provisions on creation and operation of the CSECC shall be included in construction contracts; (vi) Training of the WWTP operators on operation and maintenance of the WWTP shall be completed before actual operation; (vii) a WWTP advisor (consultant) shall be provided intermittently during the initial 3 months of operation to assist the operators in the start-up phase and also to correct any undesirable operating practices; (viii) Monitoring of health and safety requirements shall be given more importance during construction and operation to reduce risks to the public and to personnel; and (ix) Jambi City government, its LPMU, and the PPIU shall continue the process of public consultation and information disclosure during detailed design and construction phases.

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Environmental Permit and AMDAL Processing

Appendix 2 WWTP Discharge Permit Requirements of Jambi City

Appendix 3 Photographs of Sites for Proposed Jambi Sewerage System

Appendix 4 Minutes of The Initial Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Held at Jambi City’s Bappeda, 21 September 2012

Appendix 5 List of Participants of Initial Public Consultation and Information Disclosure (Jambi Subproject, September 21th 2012)

Appendix 6 Attendance Sheet of Initial Public Consultation and Information Disclosure (Jambi Subproject, 21 September 2012)

Appendix 7 Photographs of Initial Public Consultation and Information Disclosure (Jambi Subproject)

Appendix 8 Sample Contents of Environmental Monitoring Report Appendix 9 Amdal Confirmation Letter Appendix 10 Not Used Appendix 11 Geological Engineering Assessment Appendix 12 Procedure for Handling Archeological Assets and Culture Reserves Appendix 13 Information Regarding Estimated Number of Schools and Residential Areas

Near to WWTP

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APPENDIX 1

ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT AND AMDAL PROCESSING

Environmental Permit Regulation (Government Regulation No.27/2012) requires all project owners to apply for an environmental permit to the appropriate government authority (minister of environment, governor or mayor) before project implementation. It prescribes the process for environmental permitting and reaffirms GOI’s AMDAL processes and requirements. Presently, the local environment agencies, Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH), of the subproject cities are waiting for the issuance of the implementing guidelines for Environmental Permit Regulation of 2012.

Chapter IV of the regulation refers to environmental permit application and issuance. The GOI will use 130 working days (4.3 months) for processing from receipt of Environmental Permit application up to permit issuance, considering there are no revisions to the submitted documents. The steps and required processing time are presented below.

Steps Required Time

Application for environmental permit shall be accompanied by the

environmental assessment documents, business legal

documents, and business profile document.

After receiving the Environmental Permit application, the within 5 working days appropriate government authority (minister of environment,

governor or mayor) should announce the Environmental Permit

application through multimedia and announcement board where

the businesses and activities shall be located

The public is given time to give their advice, opinions, and maximum of 10 working responses to the announcement days after the

announcement Project proponent shall submit a Terms of Reference (TOR) for within 30 working days upon the preparation of the environmental assessment documents. The receipt EIA Appraisal Committee shall review the administrative

completeness of the TOR

The project proponent prepares the environmental assessment Variable; based on how fast documents based on the Terms of Reference which has been the EIA can be prepared approved.

Upon receipt of the environmental assessment documents, the within 75 working days EIA Appraisal Committee shall review the documents

The approving government authority (minister of environment, within 10 working day after governor or mayor) shall decide on the Environmental Eligibility of receiving the the project. recommendations from the

EIA Appraisal Committee

Environmental Permit is issued at the same time with the issuance

of Environmental Eligibility Decision. Environmental Permit list the

environmental protection and management actions expected from

the permit holder

Environmental Permit holder shall submit the performance report on a regular basis, every 6 on the terms and obligation set out in the Environmental Permit to months the appropriate government authority (minister of environment,

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governor or mayor)

AMDAL Processing

The basis for determining the type of environmental study required for the environmental permitting of a proposed WWTP is prescribed by Regulation No.11 of 2006 issued by the Environment Minister of State. Under this regulation, a proposed WWTP for domestic wastewater that will require an area of more than 3 hectares or will serve a population of more than 100,000 shall be required to prepare an AMDAL report.

The Jambi subproject will be required to prepare an AMDAL report since it will use a WWTP area of much more than the 3-hectare criterion. The AMDAL report will be prepared by the consultants to be engaged by GOI during the detailed design phase of this subproject. Compliance to GOI requirements shall be completed prior to any bidding/procurement process. On February 8, 2019, the Head of Public Works and Spatial Planning Agency (Dinas Pekerjaan Umum dan Penataan Ruang) sent a letter no. 800 /71.1 /DPUPR /2019 to the Environmental Agency (BLH) related to the revision of Amdal documents (the existing AMDAL document has been expired) as a condition for obtaining environmental permits. The AMDAL confirmation letter can be seen in Appendix 9. The AMDAL revision will be budgeted in ABT 2019 (Additional expenditure 2019).

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APPENDIX 2

WWTP DISCHARGE PERMIT REQUIREMENTS OF JAMBI CITY

Operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Jambi City requires a discharge permit. Under a proposed 2012 Jambi City’s Requirements and Procedures for Wastewater Discharge Permit, operation of a WWTP needs permission from the Mayor.

A WWTP owner shall make a written application to the Mayor for a discharge permit with the following requirements:

Copy of ID of person in-charge of business Copy of Permit Surat Izin Tempat Usaha (SITU) / Surat izin usaha perdagangan

(SIUP) (premises license/permit trading) or other permit relating to the business and / or activity

Copy of AMDAL/UKL-UPL / Statement of Commitment Management and Monitoring Surat Pernyataan Kesanggupan Pengelolaan dan Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup

(SPPL)/ Environmental permit/ Copy of business license in a specific location that can cause harm, loss and

interference or other similar document in accordance with applicable regulations statement willing to bear the cost of mitigation and environmental restoration as a

result of wastewater pollution Design WWTP and discharge channel Conduct a study on the impact of wastewater discharge on fish breeding, animals,

and plants, soil and ground water quality and public health Conduct pollution prevention, waste minimization, water and energy efficiency and

resource should be done by the person in charge of the business and / or activities related to waste management

Processing of discharge permit is through the Office of Integrated Services One door. According to regulation, maximum processing time of the application is 7 working days after receiving the complete application for permit.

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APPENDIX 3

PHOTOGRAHS OF SITES FOR PROPOSED JAMBI SEWERAGE SYSTEM

Photo No.1 – Proposed site of Jambi’s WWTP presently planted with “kangkung”

Photo No.3 – Beyond the southern boundary of proposed WWTP site are houses. Tembuku Creek entering the proposed site (view towards the south).

Photo No.2 – Eastern boundary of proposed site of Jambi’s WWTP presently occupied by vegetation, some residential areas, and commercial areas.

Photo No.4 – One of the streets in Jambi City where a trunk sewer will be installed, indicating sufficient space for sewer construction

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APPENDIX 4

MINUTES OF THE INITIAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE HELD AT JAMBI CITY’S BAPPEDA, 21 SEPTEMBER 2012

Opening/ Presentations:

The public consultation started at 9:10 A.M with Mr. Fahmi, Kepala BAPPEDA/ Chief of The Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) Kota Jambi welcoming and thanking the participants for being able to attend the public consultation meeting. He also explained the purpose of public consultation today that to seek advice and opinions from the participants about the city Sanitation Development project plan, Metropolitan Sanitation Management Investment Program (MSMIP). Now, in Jambi both household and business area has its own septic tank, septic tank when it's full it should be vacuumed and the sludge brought to the Night Soil Treatment Plant (IPLT). Jambi have plans to develop a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Kasang village. Waste water treated is generated from households and businesses and it is no longer carried by truck but flows directly from the houses through the pipe. Thus, contamination of soil and groundwater can be avoided.

Presentation on Metropolitan Sanitation Management Investment Program (MSMIP) Kota Jambi by Mr. Sudirman, Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Jambi/Sanitation Office Kota Jambi. He explained that currently, Jambi launched towards the modern city, with the plan to build landfill site and WWTP. WWTP development plans in Kasang already done socialization, but the waste pipeline plan has not been carried out socialization, as it waits Detailed Engineering Design (DED). 25 000 house connections (SR) planned to be constructed, and for the first phase will be constructed 5000 house connections (SR). In 2012 Pemda Jambi has provided funds for land acquisition. Location in Kasang WWTP has been stated in the Master Plan for wastewater. Kasang WWTP is served 5-prone areas of sanitation, except the area across the river Batanghari. Sewage system of is gravity, and there is also a pump for the region, which are located lower. The benefits of this project are to reduce the risk of soil and groundwater pollution and to improve public health.

Comments, Views, Issues and Concerns

1. Mr. M. Saleh Richi, SSTP, District Chief of Jambi Timur a. Land in Kasang WWTP covers two villages, namely Kasang

Village and Rajawali Village. We have collected evidence of ownership. Principally there is no problem with the project, except the price of land. There are few constraints on land acquisition, the land on the entrance location owned Chinese, not yet approved by the owner

b. Please explain, in the field, the bigger land is part of the Kasang Village, but on the map, the part of the Rajawali Village. But the most community that is informed about this project is from Kasang

village Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. For land acquisition, evidences of land ownership have collected. b. Estimating land prices refer to the NJOP (Tax Object Sales Value) in

land and building tax (PBB) and the market price or AJB (Sale Certificate). To assess the price of land there is an independent appraisal team, Consultant Appraisal Service Public (PJPP)

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c. For the land at the entrance to the location if there are still problems, the village chief was asked to approach the owner

2. Mr. Rahmad Sugiharto, ST, Village Chief of Kasang

a. Since this program informed, has been conducted socialization, land inventory, and collection of evidence of ownership of land. All files has been submitted to Dinas Kebersihan, there is a problem that some of land owners living outside the village Kasang

b. Questions from the community are when the land is measured, what is the cost, and when it will be released? Because they will prepare to switch their business elsewhere

c. During the project implementation and operation of the WWTP, can the community be involved as a worker?

Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. It does not matter if land owners living outside the Kasang Village, the compensation will be given according to ownership. Regarding the pipeline that almost passed through 0.25 Jambi city areas, for socialization have not done yet. There should be a separate forum. The next public consultation will be carried out when there is a decision of the ADB.

b. Communities will be evicted both land and business is going to be a project concern and will be considered an effort to positive economics.

c. For construction activities will be employed local labor, as well as field workers WWTP. But for WWTP operators requires specific competence and skills

3. Mr. Evridal Aqso, Kabid Bina Program Dinas Pekerjaan Umum

a. Public Works Department supports this project plan. b. Technically coordination in this project is necessary to improve DED c. This activity is related to the community, so we need intensive

socialization in order to avoid problems in the future. In construction activity, the project will impact on the roads impassable pipeline, how technical implementation, so as not to disrupt the activities of the community? If needed street improvements, where is the fund come

from Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. Piping-Laid depends on the road situation and conditions, can be constructed on the sides of the road, or in the middle of the road

b. Construction phase will be managed in such a way, that minimize the impact to the community

c. It will be answered by the ADB consultants

4. Mr. Suherman, Villager of Kelurahan Rajawali a. Principally, the community support this program b. There are a problem, The land on the entrance location owned

Chinese, is not yet approved by the owner

5. Mr. Ridwan Saleh, Land owner in Kasang Village a. We already know about these activities and strongly support the

program because the goal is to improve the welfare and public health b. Hopefully these activities can be enjoyed by the public

6. Mr. Sugiyanto, the community leader 0f RT 03 Kasang Village

a. As representatif of the Village Kasang RT 03 is very supportive of this project

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b. How about the land acquisition for the resident of RT 03 that located in the Village of Eagles?

c. How about the price of land?

Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. For the land at the entrance to the location if there are still problems, the village officials/leader was asked to approach the owner

b. Thankful for the help, so the community is very supportive, nothing is refused

c. All owner of the land affected by the project will be acquititioned and be compensated, even if the owner ID from another village

d. Estimating land prices refer to the NJOP (Tax Object Sales Value) in land and building tax (PBB) and the market price or AJB (Sale Certificate). To assess the price of land there is an independent appraisal team, Consultant Appraisal Service Public

7. Mr. Andi Amanullah, Consultant of Master Plan

a. For the construction of WWTP, 7 hectares land area needed, the picture is sketch that is why looks as grid because only sketch it

b. Planning Phase I in 5 years for the main pipes, the position of the pipe will be installed in the road.

c. For the size of pipe 1 m will be placed at the below of the other facilities (PDAM pipes, telephone cables, etc.). There is also a waste water pipe was installed in the middle of the road, the depth of the pipe will be up to 7 m

d. Since the planning pipeline position is on the road, land acquisition only in WWTP.

Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. Drawings of the plan will be revised b. Socialization for the residents who will be passed the pipeline will be

held separately

Ms. Ariani, Consultant MSMIP

a. Jambi is in the short list city that will be funding from ADB for urban sanitation project

b. Waste water will be treated at the WWTP is generated from the kitchen, bathroom and septic tank, so all waste water from the home.

c. Pipe construction is going to give effect to the environmental surroundings the project, but contractor will manage this activity so that the impact can be minimized

d. In this meeting, we also propose grievance redress mechanism for environmental complaints during construction. This mechanism is still a proposal, we invite if there are needed some additional clause or some questions

Mr. Ruel, Consultant MSMIP

a. ADB loan will finance those sewer lines with diameters 300mm and above, while lower sizes will be funded by the government. DED and AMDAL (EIA) will be funded by IndII.

8. Mr. Feriadi, District Chief of Pasar

a. Already know about the project but had lost information b. There is a statement from the owner of the land to help/support this

project c. Hope this project can be done d. What should we done further to proceed this project?

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Mr. Sudirman’s answer :

a. The mayor is the head of Indonesia association of mayor for sanitation urban (APOKSI), so he is pushing for the implementation of this project.

b. Currently regulations regarding waste water management including management WWTP also being prepared.

c. About the WWTP management, a temporary unit which will be the Unit Perlaksan Teknis Daerah (UPTD), but for long-term there will be a separate agency like PDPAL

9. Mr. Supriadi, Consultant MSMIP

a. According to the regulations there is obligation to provide WWTP. Public consultation is still to be continued.

b. Materials in booklets distributed is still a draft, please give input c. What about the farmers whose land would be acquisitioned? Also

about the ownership of the land?

a. Most of the land is leased to farmers, WWTP location is muddy. b. Currently also being prepared regulations for developers. The

population to be served a wastewater treatment system was 3000 households or a quarter of residents Jambi.

10. Mr. Sugiyanto, community leader of RT 03 Kasang Village

a. The land for the WWTP to be acquisitioned, 80% are self-owned, the rest are tenants

b. Is the whole land will be acquisitioned? If the remaining land is 2 m, can it be acquisitioned the whole land?

Mr. Supardi, Kabid BLH

a. For this project, how about the AMDAL? Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. If the remaining land is narrow, will be paid by the project b. DED and EIA will be prepared well and the funds will be provided by

IndII

11. Mr. Feriadi, District Chief of Pasar a. Who will operate the WWTP? District official do not have the human

resource skills and capacities. b. Who will train the operator?

a. WWTP will be managed by UPDT/BLU/PDPAL. b. Capacity building such as training will be financed by the

project Mr. Fahmi, Kepala BAPPEDA Kota Jambi

a. Local Government Jambi really hope this project can be implemented, we will fulfill the requirements, preparation of budgets and the regulations.

b. When the decision of this project? So that we well prepare. We are currently preparing the budget for 2012/2013. otherwise we will find other funding sources

12. Mr. Helmi, Land owner in Rajawali Village

a. Sewerage project will cause traffic jams and disturbing, especially for a busy small street.

Mr. Sudirman’s answer :

b. Traffic site management will be applied to minimize the impact to the people surrounding the project

13. Mr. Muksin Rafadhal, villager of Rajawali Village

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a. What about compensation? b. When the implementation of the payment of compensation will be

held? Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. The compensation refer to the NJOP (Tax Object Sales Value) in land and building tax (PBB) and the market price or AJB (Sale Certificate). To assess the price of land there is an independent appraisal team, Consultant Appraisal Service Public About compensation being made on the basis of appraisals NJOP (Tax Object Sales Value) and the market price using AJB (Sale Deed). Assessment will be conducted by the Jasa Konsulan Penilai Public (KJPP)

b. Payment will be done in October 2012

14. Mr. Hermanto, community leader of RT 06 Kasang Village a. What about the odor pollution from operational of wastewater treatment plant.

Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. WWTP uses technology so that there are no odor pollution to the surrounding area

a. In some countries, WWTP is in the centre of the city. If WWTP is well managed, odor is not a problem

a. no negative impact on social and economic

15. Mr. Ridwansyah, Land owner in Rajawali Village a. Need to conclude this public consultations and the next meeting plan.

Mr. Sudirman’s answer:

a. Public Consultation today provide feedback and inputs to ADB b. Local Government will soon take land measurements c. Public consultation is not only once time, but there is planning to

conduct another meeting d. Public support the project at Jambi. The decision about this project will

be received within 3 weeks. e. Next week there will be a workshop in Yogyakarta will also discuss

about wastewater system

16. Mr. Fahmi, Kepala BAPPEDA Kota Jambi a. The land acquisition will be proceed in October 2012. b. Even though the project is not implemented the Jambi local

government will acquisition the land at the Kasang Village for green open space.

Meeting closed at 11:15 AM.

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APPENDIX 5

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF INITIAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE (JAMBI SUBPROJECT, SEPTEMBER 21TH 2012)

Stakeholders/Participants:

1. Hermanto, Community Leader of RT 06, Kasang Village 2. Sugiyanto, Community Leader of RT 03, Kasang Village 3. M. Syawal, Community Leader LPM, Kasang Village 4. Rahmad Sugiharto., SSTP, Village’s Leader of Kasang Village 5. Ridwansyah, Land owner in Rajawali Village 6. Muksin Bafadhal, Villager in Rajawali Village 7. Suherman, Villager in Rajawali Village 8. Helmi, Land owner in Rajawali Village 9. Merry, Land owner in Rajawali Villager 10. Kaniwati, Village official of Rajawali Village 11. M. Saleh R., District Chief of Jambi Timur 12. Feriadi, District Chief of Pasar 13. Siska Iryani, Staff of PLP Public Work Province Jambi 14. Wahyu NIngsih, Staff of PLP, Public Work Province JAmbi 15. Andi Amirullah, Master Plan Consultant 16. Supardi, Head of PPL Division, Environmental Office 17. Esti Susilawati S., Section Head of PPL Division, Environmental Office 18. Evridal Asri, Head of Bina Program Division, Public Work Office

Sanitary Office:

1. Sudirman, Sanitary Office

BAPPEDA Team of Jambi:

1. Fahmi, Chief of The Regional Development Planning Agency 2. Taufik S.

MSMIP Consultants:

1. Ruel Janolino, Environment Specialist 2. Ariani Dwi Astuti, Environment Specialist 3. Angelito Corpuz, Social Safeguard/ Involuntary Resettlement Specialist 4. Supriadi, Social Safeguard/ Involuntary Resettlement Specialist

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APPENDIX 6

ATTENDANCE SHEET OF INITIAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE (JAMBI SUBPROJECT, 21 SEPTEMBER 2012)

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APPENDIX 7

PHOTOGRAPHS OF INITIAL PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE (JAMBI SUBPROJECT)

Photo No.5: Jambi’s BAPPEDA explaining some points regarding the proposed subproject [21 Sep 2012]

Photo No.6: A stakeholder representative near the WWTP raising some points [21 Sep 2012]

Photo No.7: A stakeholders’ representative raising some points [21 Sep 2012]

Photo No.8: PPTA Consultant assisting BAPPEDA in explaining some points regarding the impacts of the proposed WWTP [21 Sep 2012]

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APPENDIX 8

SAMPLE CONTENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

(Note: this format also satisfies the GOI requirements for environmental monitoring based on Decree of State Minister of Environment Reg.45/2005)

Executive Summary

Summary of EMP Implementation Key issues, corrective actions, and any grievances recommendations

1.0 Background

Profile of Proponent Location Information

2.0 Status of Activities

Activities of Proponent Progress of Work (% physical completion) Changes of Surrounding Environment Status of Permits / Consents

3.0 Details of EMP Implementation Status /Evaluation

Design/Location/Preconstruction Phase Monitoring Construction Phase Monitoring Operation Phase Monitoring Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers Redress of Grievances (type of grievance, date, persons, etc.) Corrective Actions Taken Field Visits and Consultations (sites visited, dates, persons met) Training (Nature of training, number of participants, date, location, etc.)

4.0 Conclusion

Important results from the implementation of environmental management and monitoring

Recommendations to improve environmental management and monitoring

Appendices

Consents / permits Monitoring data (water quality, air quality, etc.) Photographs

Maps

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APPENDIX 9

AMDAL CONFIRMATION LETTER

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APPENDIX 10 (NOT USED)

APPENDIX 11

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT

4.1 Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP Area) and Access

4.1.1 Foundation

The choice of foundation type will be dependent on type of structure, its criticality or importance, and settlement criteria.

Due to the present of thick soft organic soil and peat approximately up to 12m depth at upper strata, shallow footings are not suitable for foundation. Piled foundations are required for swamp area. These piles should be driven into medium dense to dense SAND or stiff to hard CLAY layer. Others factor should be considered also water level which it is strongly influenced by fluctuation in water elevation from Batanghari river. Based on information from community, in flooding or high tide, water can arise up to 1.5 – 2.0m from ground level. So, the entire site should be raised about 2 up to 3 m from the surface ground

Piles should be used to overcome bearing capacity and settlement problems or to overcome the potential for partial liquefaction or soil strength loss under earthquake and dynamic loading. Piled foundations are considered to be the most appropriate foundation solution for the heavy structures such FBAS with following reasons: 1. The depth of soft soil is deep with thickness approx. up to 12 m below soft soil. Piles will

reduce settlement and improve load carrying capacity. 2. Piles can resist horizontal or lateral forces. 3. Relatively quick and easy construction compared to ground improvement. 4. Piles can resist uplift or pull out forces. Driven Spun piles are more suitable with subsurface ground condition which is underlain by deep soft soils. Ultimate load capacity and settlement analysis was carried out for the following scenarios:

1. Concrete piles sizes analysed have been conducted using pile diameter of 300 mm, 450

mm and 500 mm diameter. Meyerhof (1976) method is used to calculate ultimate bearing capacity from SPT value.

2. Pile working in both friction and end bearing. 3. Factor of safety was taken as 2 for tip resistance and 1.5 for side resistance. Factor of

safety applied to the calculated ultimate capacity to accommodate uncertainties. 4. Soft soil will impose negative skin friction load on piles. 5. Estimated pile length 20m, 25m, and 30m should lowered through peat and organic

Clay and embedded on medium dense to dense SAND or stiff to hard CLAY which depend on load will be applied over area of respective pile area for different diameters

6. Estimated light load will be applied maximum about 500 kN, while heavy load about 4500 kN per column such for FBAS structure. Based on pile specification, FBAS structure should be support by pile group. Two pile group are recommended with minimum 600mm diameter.

7. Recommended pile specification is to be used is shown in table 4.1. In this preliminary design stage, various ultimate and allowable (based on FOS=2) load capacities were calculated for various pile diameter with depth of penetration has been

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produced and is presented in Appendix 2 – Bearing Capacity and Settlement. Allowable bearing Capacity is summarised graphically in Figure 11 & 12 for allowable bearing capacity with depth for piles Ø 300, 450, 600 mm. At WWTP area, for light structure, piles should be lowered through peat and organic Clay and embedded on medium dense to dense SAND. Minimum pile length should be embedded underground about 15m depth with minimum pile diameter 450 mm to avoid excessive lateral load due to thick soft soil layer. For heavy structure such FBAS have been calculated and simulated as pile group by using software Allpile v.6.5. Piles are recommended with minimum 600mm which have actual compression load capacity about 2527m kN. Due to the load should be supported about 4500 kN, so pile should be use in pairs (Pile group). Minimum pile length should be embedded underground about 27m depth with minimum pile diameter 600mm. However, a more rigorous analysis should be carried out at detailed design stage to fully take account of actual loads, building size, settlement criteria and ground conditions beneath the site where structure will be sited.

Table 4.1 – Concrete Spun Pile Specification

Figure 11 - Ultimate Bearing Capacity vs Depth (Single Pile) – WWTP Area

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Figure 12 - Ultimate Bearing Capacity vs Depth (Pile Group) – WWTP Area

4.2 Transferred Pump Station (TPS) 4.2.1 Shallow Foundation At Pump Station area, shallow footings are still feasible for foundation, due to soft soil of organic CLAY approximately 4 – 5m depth. This layer can be removed or using of geotextile or geogrid to improve bearing capacity and settlement by gravel /sand fill placed on soft swamp soils. Geotextile could be used as grade separator in earthworks or road construction. Shallow footing can be applied for light structure within prepared fill material from gravelly SAND or gravel. Lightly loaded structure such as single story buildings and other less sensitive structures pipe rack, guard houses can be constructed.

4.2.2 Deep Foundation

Driven Spun piles are more suitable with subsurface ground condition which is underlain by thin soft soils approximately 4 – 5m depth. Ultimate load capacity and settlement analysis was carried out for the following scenarios: 1. Concrete piles sizes analysed have been conducted using pile diameter of 300 mm, 450

mm and 500 mm diameter. Meyerhof (1976) method is used to calculate ultimate bearing capacity from SPT value.

2. The various ultimate and allowable (based on FOS=2) load capacities were calculated for various pile diameter with depth of penetration has been produced and is presented in Appendix 2 – Bearing Capacity and Settlement. Allowable bearing Capacity is summarised graphically in Figure 13.

3. Pile working in both friction and end bearing. 4. Soft soil will impose negative skin friction load on piles. 5. Estimated pile length 15m, 20m, and 25m should lowered through peat and organic

Clay and embedded on stiff to hard CLAY or dense to very dense SAND which depend on load will be applied over area of respective pile area for different diameters.

6. At TPS area, piles should be lowered through peat and organic Clay and embedded on stiff to hard CLAY. Minimum pile length should be embedded underground about 10m depth with minimum pile diameter 300 mm to avoid excessive lateral load due to thick soft soil layer.

7. Recommended pile specification is to be used is shown in table 4.1

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Figure 13 - Ultimate Bearing Capacity vs Depth (Single Pile) – TPS Area

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER WORK

Based on present investigation, shallow foundation not suitable for foundation especially for WWTP area due to the present of thick soft organic soil and peat approximately 5m up to 12m depth at upper strata. Piled foundations are required for swamp area. These piles should be driven into medium dense to dense SAND or stiff to hard CLAY layer. For TPS area, shallow footings are still feasible for foundation, due to soft soil of organic CLAY approximately 4 – 5m depth. This layer can be removed or using of geotextile or geogrid to improve bearing capacity and settlement by gravel /sand fill placed on soft swamp soils. Geotextile could be used as grade separator in earthworks or road construction. By considering costs for ground improvement, using shallow foundation will be more expensive than using piling. At WWTP area, piles should be lowered through peat and organic Clay and embedded on medium dense to dense SAND. For light structure, minimum pile length should be embedded underground about 15m depth with minimum pile diameter 450 mm to avoid excessive lateral load due to thick soft soil layer. For heavy structure such FBAS have been calculated and simulated as pile group by using software Allpile v.6.5. Piles are recommended with minimum 600mm which have actual compression load capacity about 2527m kN. Due to the load should be supported about 4500 kN, so pile should be use in pairs (Pile group). Minimum pile length should be embedded underground about 27m depth with minimum pile diameter 600mm.

However, a more rigorous analysis should be carried out at detailed design stage to fully take account of actual loads, building size, settlement criteria and ground conditions beneath the site where structure will be sited. At TPS area, piles should be lowered through peat and organic Clay and embedded on stiff to hard CLAY. Minimum pile length should be embedded underground about 10m depth with minimum pile diameter 300 mm to avoid excessive lateral load due to thick soft soil layer. For pile foundation, driven spun piles such as Wika spun piles and driven tabular steel piles are recommended to support mayor structure. A steel pile diameter has a limited vertical capacity than prestress concrete pile in same diameter, however steel pipe has a capability to withstand lateral load more than concrete. The lateral capacity can be increase by using high grade of steel pipe or high size of pile dia. such 500 mm or 600mm.

Pile driveability should be carried out using wave method, which can predict stress of pile in certain depth or ultimate soil resistance.

Pile installation using vibratory hammer should take into consideration during selection the equipment of pile driving especially driving in hard layer. Pile dynamic tests such PDA and PIT should taken as a standard of pile driving control during installation to reduce pile damages.

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APPENDIX 12 PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSETS AND CULTURE

RESERVES Cultural heritage or archaeological heritage that has received legal protection is referred to as cultural heritage. Based on Law No. 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage. As an action to reduce the impact of disaster risk on cultural heritage, the technical steps that must be taken are: a. Document the situation and cultural heritage itself. Documentation actions include the actions of shooting, film, and recording. These actions include: • Cultural Heritage Environment • Cultural heritage • Elements that are likely to be damaged or part of the most fragile cultural heritage. b. Identify types of disasters or hazards that threaten cultural heritage. This type of disaster or threat consists of two, namely, threats caused by natural activities and threats caused by human activities. Threats caused by natural activities such as floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, erosion, abrasion, strong winds and landslides. Threats caused by human activities such as fire, infrastructure development, mining, and riots. c. Identify risk elements. The risk element is a part of cultural heritage which is likely to be lost, damaged or affected if the disaster occurs. Certainly, different types of disasters will have an impact on parts of cultural heritage. d. Plan or prepare preventive measures. These precautions are certainly different, depending on the type of disaster or threat and the elements that are likely to be damaged. Mitigation procedures can be done by: • Site spatial planning • Arrangement of development within the site environment • Conduct disaster management training. d. Determination of the type of action / mitigation should be based on local wisdom and environmentally friendly. This means that the determination of actions should also use local knowledge. f. Monitor or evaluate the conditions and conditions of cultural heritage at any time both during routine and incidental (Hizbaron, 2013; 19)

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APPENDIX 13

INFORMATION REGARDING ESTIMATED NUMBER OF SCHOOLS AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS NEAR TO WWTP

The number of affected people included Kasang Elementary School 190 students as many as 240 students and 20 elementary school teachers and staff who were exposed for 8 hours and 2 households around (10 people) who were exposed for 24 hours. The population received benefits, namely residents of Rajawali Village, Tanjung Pinang Village, Budiman Village, Talang Banjar Village, and Sulanjana Village (East Jambi District), Sungai Asam Village, Beringin Village, Orang Kayo Hitam Village, and Pasar Jambi Village (Pasar Jambi District ) that is ; 105,622 people in 2033, thus the number of people who receive the impact is smaller than the number of people who receive benefits from the operation of this Domestic WWTP, namely: 270 people / 105,622 people = 0.26%. Thus the impact is classified as "non-significant impact (TP)". Noise threshold value is in the level of 85 dB which is considered safe for most workers if working 8 hours / day or 40 hours / week. Intensity of 45 - 55 dB, is a provision of zones intended for housing, places of education and recreation. In this project, several efforts made in managing noise, during the construction phase are: 1. Limiting vehicle speed 20 km / hour so the vehicle does not cause noise 2. If the noise is enough to disturb the comfort, a noise source will be searched and stop the noise-causing activity 3. Setting the location of loading - unloading away from the nearest residential area. 4. Coordinate with the community about the performance of pumps that cause noise 5. Ensure that the vehicle and equipment used must be operating properly 6. Construction work is carried out from 08.00 WIB until 17.00 WIB. 7. If there is overtime work, it will be coordinated in advance with local residents before work begins 8. Work is stopped during prayer hours (especially at Friday prayer hours). Environmental monitoring is carried out by measuring directly in the field with a sound level meter. Measurements were carried out during the day for 4 times at the specified hour (Amdal Study on the Construction of the 2014 Jambi WWTP).