INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION

October 2013

IND: Jharkhand State Roads Project Govindpur-Jamtara-Dumka-Barhet-Sahebganj

Prepared by Road Construction Department, Government of Jharkhand for the Asian Development Bank.

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank BDL - Below Detection Limit BGL - Below Ground Level BOD - Biological Oxygen Demand BIS - Bureau of Indian Standard CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CSC - Construction Supervision Consultant CWLW - Chief Wild Life Warden DO - Dissolved Oxygen DoE - Department of Environment DPR - Detailed Project Report DFO - Divisional Forest Officer EA - Executing Agency EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan EMoP - Environmental Monitoring Plan ESO - Environmental and Safety Officer FAC - Forest Appraisal Committee GDP - Gross Domestic Product GoI - Government of India GoJH - Government of Jharkhand IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IMD - Indian Meteorological Department IRC - Indian Road Congress IS - Indian Standard JSRP - Jharkhand State Roads Project MDRs - Major District Roads MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MoRT&H - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MSL - Mean Sea Level MW - Mega Watt NGO - Non Government Organization NH - National Highway NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen NTPC - National Thermal Power Corporation

OPHDI - Oxford Poverty and Human Development Index PHC - Primay Health Centre PIC - Project Implementation Cell PIU - Project Implementation Unit PF - Protected Forest RF - Reserve Forest RCD - Road Construction Department ROW - Right of Way SEZ - Special Economic Zone SH - State Highway SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide SSI - Small Scale Industries SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement SPCB - State Pollution Control Board

PPTA - Project Preparatary Technical Assistance TDS - Total Dissolved Solids UNDP - United Nation Development Program TSS - Total Suspended Solid

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

lakh – 100 thousand = 100,000 crore – 100 lakhs = 10,000,000 µg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter km – kilometer lpd – liters per day m – meter mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter ppm – parts per million

NOTES

(i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

(ii) “INR” and “Rs” refer to Indian rupees

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i

Project Location Map iii I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Project Background 1 B. Purpose and Objectives of the Study 2 C. Extent of the IEE Study 2 D. IEE Methodology 3 E. Structure of the Report 4 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 5 A. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirement 5 B. ADB Safeguard Requirement 6 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 8 A. Project Location 8 B. Type, Category and Need 8 C. Description of the Project Corridor 8

D. Proposed Improvement 9 E. Cost and Implementation Schedule 12 F Status of Civil Works as 0f June 2013 12

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 13 A. Physical Resources 13 B. Ecological Resources 19 C. Economic Development 26 D. Social and Cultural Resources 28 V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 30 A. Potential Beneficial Impacts 30 B. Potential Adverse Impacts 30 C. Pre-construction Impacts and its Mitigation Measures 30 D. Construction Stage Impacts 38 E. Operation Stage Impacts and Mitigation Measures 49 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISLOSURE 51 A. Objectives of the Public Consultation 51 B. Methodology 51 C. Project Stakeholders 51 D. Consultation with Government Departments 52 E. Consultation with Local People and Beneficiaries 53 F Results of Consultation with Local People 54 G. Disclosure 54 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 56 A. Environmental Management Plan 56 B. Environmental Monitoring Program 56 C. Institutional Arrangement 58

D. Grievance Redressal Mechanism 61 F. Environment Management Budget 62 VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 63 Appendices

Appendix 1- Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist 64 Appendix 2- List of Waterways/Water Bodies 70 Appendix 3- List of Noise Receptors Along the Project Road 74 Appendix 4- Environmental Management Plan 76 Appendix 5- Environmental Monitoring Plan 85 Appendix 6- National Ambient Air Quality Standards 86 Appendix 7- Drinking Water Quality Standards 87 Appendix 8- Tolerance Limits for Inland Surface Waters 88 Appendix 9-A National Ambient Noise Standards 89 Appendix 9-B Permissible Exposure in Case of Continuous Noise for Work Zone Area

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The project road (Govindpur-Jamtara-Dumka-Barhet-Sahebganj) is being implemented by Road Construction Department (RCD), Government of Jharkhand (GoJH) under Jharkhand State Roads Project (JSRP) with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The project road is located in Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka, Deoghar, Pakur and Sahebganj districts of Jharkhand state. It takes off from 900 mtrs. ahead of Govindpur junction at NH-2 and terminates near Sahebganj at its junction with NH-80 after passing through Pokheria, Narayanpur, Jamtara, Dumka, Amrapara, Barhet, Littipara and Borio. Total executable length of the project road is 310.009 km. Project road is distributed in four civil construction package viz. Package-I (length=80.142 km. including 2 bypasses at Govindpur and Jamtara having length of 6.230 km and 11.077 km respectively), Package-II (82.050 including Dumka bypass of 6.577 km.), Package-III (98.217 km) and Package-IV (49.600 Km).

2. The project was categorised as Category ‘B’ during project preparation in 2008 warranting an initial environmental examination (IEE). During implementation, the project design was revisited and reviewed based on actual ground conditions. Alignment was modified in its initial stretch at Govindpur junction to avoid significant impacts on the commercial establishment and residential assets. This bypass starts 900 m. ahead from earlier entrance i.e. Govindpur junction on NH-2 towards Kolkata and merges with existing alignment near village Kharni. The total length of new bypass is 6.230 kms. Modification in the project profile has necessitated updating of the IEE as per ADB’s policy. The updated IEE also address the issue of potential elephant crossings identified during forest clearance process and incorporates the location specific mitigation measures for the same. An updated rapid environmental assessment indicates the project remains Category ‘B’ in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 since there is no significant impact either due to inclusion of new bypass or some potential elephant crossing locations.

3. The existing road is mostly single lane carriageway having poor pavement condition. The existing ROW is upto 15m. The road passes mainly through plain/rolling terrains except some sections in Package IV where terrain is hilly. Abutting land use is predominantly agricultural. The road passes through major built up areas namely: Govindpur, Jamtara, Dumka, Amrapara, and Borio. Project road improvement involves: (i) widening/strengthening of the existing road to 2-lane with earthen shoulder of 2.5 m.; (ii) improving road geometry; (iii) rehabilitation and construction of cross drainage structures which includes 11 major bridge (new=9 and reconstruction=2), 61 minor bridge (new=45, widening=1 and reconstruction=15) and 550 culverts; (v) Junctions improvement; (vi) construction of 11 underpasses 2 new ROBs and 1 flyover; (vi) protection works; and (vii) incorporating wild life passage structures, road furniture and road safety measures.

4. Project road is not passing through any wildlife sanctuary, national park, tiger reserve, protected area network or any other similar eco-sensitive areas. However, 32.645kms. of the project road pass through reserved, protected and unclassified forests1. Diversion of forest land is 68.01 Ha. No loss of rare/threatened/endangered species of flora is envisaged. Forest

1Reserved Forest: an area notified under the provision of Indian Forest Act having full degree of protection. In

Reserved Forests, all activities are prohibited unless permitted.Protected Forest:an area notified under the provision of Indian Forest Act having limited degree protection. In Protected Forests, all activities are permitted unless prohibited. Unclassified Forest:An area recorded as forest but not included in reserved or protected forests category. (Source: http://www.jharkhandforest.com/files/jharkhand%20Forests.pdf)

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clearance has already been obtained. During forest clearance process, elephant movements2 were indicated by the Forest Department in the project area for which a separate study3 was undertaken by the wild life expert appointed by the Chief Wildlife Warden. The study concludes that elephant movements are quite erratic in pattern. They use only riverine courses not any under-passage of existing culverts or low-rise bridges. No accident of any elephant was reported till date due to movement of traffic. All mitigation measures prescribed in the study will be implemented by RCD during the project implementation. Estimated initial cost for implementing all MoEF recommended measures is INR6.35 Crore. These measures are expected to facilitate safe movement of elephants.

5. Significant impacts arising from the road improvement project are: (i) acquisition of 532 ha. of private and 68.01 ha. of forest land, (ii) cutting of 11,073 trees, (iii) disfiguration of topography and change in landuse in the proposed 3 bypass sections, (iv) borrowing and quarrying, (iv) impact on water bodies due to bridge construction activities and partial acquisition in some cases, (v) disruption in movement of elephants, and (vi) blasting in few sections. Except land acquisition, all other impacts are reversible, temporary, localised in nature and can be easily mitigated/minimised/avoided by effective implementation of environment management plan.

6. Several consultations were organized during the project preparation and implementation to engage major stakeholder representatives to incorporate their concerns in the overall design. These involved officials of executing agencies like the Forest Department, State Pollution Control Board, and Fishery, and affected persons and village heads in the project area. Most of the people interviewed strongly support the project.

7. Road Construction Department, through its Project Implementation Cell (PIC) at headquarter level and four Project Implementation Units (PIUs) are looking after effective implementation of the environmental management plan. It is supported by Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)to provide regular monitoring and ensure that contractors maintain environmental safeguard compliance.

8. This updated initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

2 There is no defined movement path of the elephants along/across the project road. None of these undefined paths

are included either in eco-sensitive areas or protected area network. 33

Singh R.K. and A.M. Dixit (2013). “Assessment of Elephant Movement along the Proposed Govindpur-Sahebganj Highway in Jharkhand to Suggest Appropriate Mitigation Measure.” Report submitted to the Department of Forest and Environment. Government of Jharkhand.

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Map 1: Project Location Map

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Background/Rationale

1. Jharkhand is located in eastern India and covers an area of 79,714 sq km. It was carved out of southern Bihar to form a separate state in the year 2000. The total population is 329.66 million which accounts for 2.72% of the country. It has sizeable tribal population of 26.3%.Despite its rich mineral wealth with over 40% of the country's total reserve and extensive forest resources, Jharkhand is one of the least developed states in India. The poor quality of the road infrastructure is an important factor constraining the development of major part of the state. Before the project commencement, Jharkhand had less than 20 km of roads per 100 sq.km. Only 30% of villages were connected by all-weather roads and less than 20% villages with metalled roads which are significantly deficient compared to corresponding figures of other states of India.

2. Recognizing the importance of road in providing momentum for accelerating economic development in the region, Government of Jharkhand (GoJH) decided to upgrade/rehabilitate state road network, mainly state highways and major district roads. GoJH approached Asian Development Bank (ADB) for funding of the Jharkhand State Roads Project (JSRP).Subsequently, in July 2010, the State Government entered into an agreement with Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a loan of US$ 200 million for the improvement of two-lane road project stretching 310 km between Govindpur near Dhanbad and Sahebganj. The Project proposes to address the disparities within Jharkhand by providing a good transportation network in a neglected area and contribute to reducing interstate disparities in India.

1. Jharkhand State Road Improvement Program (JSRP)

3. Jharkhand State Road Program (JSRP) aims to rehabilitate and improve a 310 kilometre (km) state road from Govindpur to Sahebganj (via Jamtara, Dumka, and Barhet) to a two-lane standard. Project is under implementation in four civil packages as detailed in Table1. The executing agency for the project is the Road Construction Department (RCD). The improved road will become a backbone of the north-eastern part of the state, connecting it to National Highway 2 (NH2) which is a part of Golden Quadrilateral network. The project will also enhance the project management skills of the officials of RCD through involvement in activities that are central to project management, such as project design, implementation planning, procurement, land acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation, environmental management, utility shifting, contract management, and financial management. This will be replicated by RCD for future road improvement projects.

Table 1: Details of the Project Road Alignment Package Road Section /Bypasses Length Districts Covered

Package I Govindpur to Jamtara 62.765 Km Districts Dhanbad and Jamtara Imp. Villages/Settlements: Govindpur, Pokharia,

Narayanpur, and Jamtara Govindpur Bypass 6.230 Km

Jamtara Bypass 11.077 Km

Total 80.142

Package II Jamtara to Dumka 75.473 Km District: Jamtara, Dumka and Deoghar Imp. Villages/Settlement: Jamtara, Bagdaha,

Fatehpur, Dumka and Dudhani Chawk Dumka Bypass 6.577 Km

Total 82.050

Package III Dumka to Barhet 98.217 Km District: Dumka. Pakur and Sahebganj Imp. Villages/Settlement: Dumka,Kathikund,

Amrapara, Litipara, and Barhet

Package IV Barhet to Sahebganj 49.600 Km District: Sahebganj Imp. Villages/Settlement: Barhet, Ranga, Hathmara,

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Package Road Section /Bypasses Length Districts Covered

Borio, Kadma, and Sahebganj

Total Length (1+2+3+4) 310.009 Km

B. Purpose and Objectives of the Study

4. The environmental assessment study was conducted in 2008as a part of Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA)to meet ADB’s safeguard requirements. During project implementation, project design was revisited and reviewed. Alignment was modified in its initial stretch at Govindpur junction to avoid social and economic impacts on the commercial establishment and residential assets with a provision of new bypass. This bypass starts 900 mtrs. ahead from earlier entrance i.e. Govindpur junction on NH-2 towards Kolkata and merges with existing alignment near village Kharni. The total length of new bypass is 6.230 kms. It passes mostly through agriculture land. Villages enroute are Karmatand, Kumhardih, Kushmatand, Lahardih, Pathuria, and Kharni.

5. Above modification in the project profile has necessitated updating of the IEE as per ADB’s policy4. The updated IEE also address the issue of potential elephant crossings identified during forest clearance process and incorporates the location specific mitigation measures for the same. Project is still categorized as Category ‘B’ in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009since there is no significant impact either due to inclusion of new bypass or some potential elephant crossing locations.

6. The IEE report covers the general environmental profile of the study area and includes an overview of the potential environmental impacts and their magnitude on physical, ecological, economic, and social and cultural resources within the project’s influence area during design, construction, and operation stages. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is also proposed as part of this report which includes mitigation measures for significant environmental impacts during implementation of the project, environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigation and monitoring. IEE has four basic objectives; (i) identify the environmental issues that should be taken into account due to project interventions (ii) determine the magnitude of potential environmental concerns and to ensure that environmental considerations are given adequate weight at planning/design stage (iii) identify need for further environmental studies or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and (iv) suggest enhancement measures, if any.

C. Extent of the IEE Study

7. This IEE report has been prepared and further updated on the basis of detailed design, review of detailed design, field investigations and stakeholder consultations to meet the requirements for environmental assessment process and documentation as per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009).IEE extent has been decided considering all likely Impacts and risks analyzed in the context of the project’s area of influence encompassing (i) the primary project site(s) and related facilities like site clearance, utility shifting etc. (ii) associated facilities project viz. Borrowing, quarrying, disposal of debris, construction camp etc. (iii) areas and communities potentially affected by cumulative impacts and (iv) potential impact from unplanned but predictable developments caused by the project that may occur at later stage or at a different location. The core zone of impact is taken as proposed right of way (ROW) of the

4 Para. 23, Section 7, Appendix I, SPS 2009 describes the need for updating the environmental assessment and

EMP due to unanticipated environmental impacts.

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alignment. However, the study area is considered up to 10 km radius for larger analysis of landuse or other environmental components like wild life movement.

D. IEE Methodology

8. Updating of IEE commenced with the review of recent technical details provided by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and preceding environmental assessment reports conducted for the project road. This was followed by site visits and discussions with the implementing agency to reconfirm the technical details of the project road improvement works. This helped identify environmental attributes which may get altered with the passage of time and incorporate additional information to the baseline environmental scenario/environmental setting of the project to meet the ADB Safeguard requirement. Further steps for updating the IEE has been concisely described in following paragraphs.

1. Primary Data Collection

9. Environmental resource inventory was prepared after traversing the new bypass section. Earlier inventory of environmental features were also updated for remaining sections. All potential sites of elephant crossing were visited to establish the site condition and substantiate the proposed mitigation measures suggested by ecological expert appointed by Chief Wild Life Warden (CWLW). All technical details were collected from CSC and executing agency. Discussions were also held with implementing NGOs.

2. Secondary Data Collection

10. Updated strip plan and DPR review reports were main source for recent technical details. Baseline conditions on ambient air quality, noise level, water quality etc.has been established using recent monitoring on ambient conducted by contractors as part of EMP compliance. Reference was made to the assessment done by Dr. R. K Singh, wild life expert; on elephant movement along the project road for addressing the wildlife issue. Besides, several other published reports, government websites and relevant government departments were consulted to gather information and maps of the project influence area.

3. Public Consultation

11. Extensive consultations were held with all stakeholders viz. executing agency, CSC, implementing NGO, government agencies, local people/beneficiary population for gathering technical details, baseline information, for better understanding of the potential impacts and appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information gathered was used for formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan. Information collected from both primary and secondary sources has been summarised in Table 2.

Table 2: Primary and Secondary Information Sources Information Sources

Technical Details RCD and Construction Supervision Consultant

Inventory of road features Field surveys, Earlier IEEs Strip Plan and Implementing NGOs

Climatic condition IMD and GoJH website, Earlier IEEs and other published reports

Geology, Soil and Topography State of Environment Report, Earlier IEEs and Govt. website

Land Use/ Land Cover Directorate of Economics & Statistics Jharkhand and Field Survey

Drainage Pattern DPR review report, Earlier IEEs and onsite observations

Water Bodies along the Project Road Field Survey and Strip Plan

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Information Sources

Roadside Forest/Vegetation RCD and Forest Department

Tree Cutting Details RCD Field level Offices

Archaeological / Cultural Heritage sites Earlier IEEs and Archaeological Survey of India

Pollution Monitoring Pollution Monitoring by Contractors as part of EMP Compliance

Wild Life Project Specific assessment by Dr. R. K. Singh and Forest Dept.

Construction material sources CSC and RCD

Hydrology, drainage, flood patterns, Detailed Project Report, Consultation and site verification

Groundwater Conditions Central Groundwater Board Handbook

Socio-economic environment and Common Property Resources

Official websites maintained by state govt., census of India 2011, and public Consultation during the Field survey

5. Assessment of Potential Impacts

12. The assessment of the type, nature, direct, indirect, cumulative or induced and their significance to the physical, biological, and socio-economic components of the environment were guided by the GOI environmental assessment laws and regulations and the ADB SPS 2009. A review of the completed, on-going, and remaining construction works were overlaid with recent findings on the environmental and natural resources particularly wildlife movement served as the baseline from were environmental impacts were identified and screened. An updated REA checklist was prepared in this respect.

6. Preparation of the Environment Management Plan

13. The preparation of an updated EMP was necessary to address the unanticipated impacts brought by the 6.230 kilometre Govindpur bypass and the elephant movement across several points along the alignment as revealed by the Forest Department. The EMP specified the steps required to ensure that the necessary measures have been taken and the same will be incorporated during construction and operation stage of the project. The EMP includes the monitoring plan giving details of the resources budgeted and the implementation arrangements..

E. Structure of the report

14. The updated IEE has been structured as per Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Executive Summary describing critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions has been presented in the beginning of the report. The report has been compiled and presented as follows.

Executive Summary Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Chapter 3- Description of Project Chapter 4- Description of the Environment Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation Chapter 7- EMP and Grievance Redress Mechanism Chapter 8 - Conclusion and Recommendation.

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II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

15. This chapter presents a review of the existing institutions and legislations relevant to the project at the National and State level. The Environmental Assessment process needs to adopt environmental regulations and guidelines of Government of India (GoI) and ADB safeguard requirements.

A. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements

16. The Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations for the safeguard and conservation environment. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 provides umbrella legislation for the protection of environment. As per this Act, the responsibility to administer the legislation has been jointly entrusted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)/Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board (JSPCB) in the present context. Table 3 presents all relevant policies/acts/rules and regulations and its applicability to the project.

Table 3: Environmental Regulations/ Legislations and its Applicability to the Project S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applica

ble Reason for Applicability Authority

1 Environment Protection Act-1986

To protect and improve overall environment

yes It is umbrella legislation and notifications, rules and schedules are promulgated under this act.

MoEF. Gol; Jharkhand State Gov. SPCB

2 Environmental Impact Assessment Notification14th Sep-2006

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To provide environmental clearance to new development activities following environmental impact assessment

Yes

Project required environment clearance prior to April 2011amendments of EIA notification, 2006. It was secured in August 2009.

MoEF. SEIAA

3 Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended upto 17th August 2003:

Reuse large quantity of fly ash discharged from thermal power plant to minimize land use for disposal

Yes It is mandatory to use fly ash if there is any thermal power plant located within 100 km radial distance. NTPC Farakka-60 Km NTPCKahalgaon-62 Km

MoEF

4 Office memorandum dated 18.05.12,by MoEF in view of Apex Court order dated 27.2.2012

Conserve top soil, aquatic biodiversity, hydrological regime etc. by haphazard and unscientific mining of minor minerals

Yes In case of renewal of quarries and opening of new borrow areas

SEIAA

5 National Environment Appellate Authority Act (NEAA) 1997

Address Grievances regarding the process of environmental clearance.

Yes Grievances if any will be dealt with, within this act.

NEAA

5Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 100 KM, involving

additional right of way greater than 40m in existing alignment and 60 m in bypass section.Category B-i) All State

High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m msl and or ecologically sensitive areas) Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”.

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S. No Act / Rules Purpose Applicable

Reason for Applicability Authority

6 Forest Conservation Act (1980)

To check deforestation by restricting conversion of forested areas into non- forested areas

Yes Diversion of forest (68.01 ha) is involved. Permission for tree felling and its transit permission are required for tree cutting in non notified forest areas.

Tree removal will be guided as per state government rules.

7 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

To control air pollution by & Transport controlling emission of air Department. Pollutants as per the prescribed standards.

Yes For construction; for obtaining NOC for establishment of hot mix plant, workers' camp, construction camp, etc.

SPCB

8 Water Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act1974

To control water pollution by controlling discharge of pollutants as per the prescribed standards

Yes This act will be applicable during construction for (establishments of hot mix plant, construction camp, workers' camp, etc.

SPCB

9 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control Act) 1990

The standards for noise for day and night have been promulgated by the MoEF for various land uses.

Yes This act will be applicable as vehicular noise on project routes required to assess for future years and necessary protection measure need to be considered in design.

SPCB

10 Public Liability and Insurance Act 1991

Protection form hazardous materials and accidents.

Yes Contractor need to stock hazardous material like diesel, Bitumen, Emulsions etc.

11 Explosive Act 1984

Safe transportation, storage and use of explosive material

Yes Blasting is involved in package III and IV

Chief Controller of Explosives

12 Minor Mineral and concession Rules

For opening new quarry.

Yes Regulate use of minor minerals like stone, soil, river sand etc.

District Collector

13 Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988 and Central Motor Vehicle Rules1989

To check vehicular air and noise pollution.

Yes These rules will be applicable to road users and construction Machinery.

Motor Vehicle Department

14 National Forest Policy1952 National Forest Policy(Revised) 1988

To maintain ecological stability through preservation and restoration of biological diversity.

Yes This policy will be applicable as project intervention requires forest land to be acquired.

Forest Department, Gol and GoB

15 The Mining Act The mining act has been notified for safe and sound mining activity.

Yes The construction of project road will require aggregate through mining from riverbeds and quarries

Department of mining. State Gov.

B. ADB's Safeguard Requirement

17. The Asian Development Bank has defined its environmental safeguard requirements under its “Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009‟ (SPS 2009). The SPS 2009 key requirements

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include screening for significant impacts and categorization, consultation, and disclosure. The Project categorisation has been done using REA checklist and the project remains category B. As per SPS 2009, Category B projects warrants preparation of an IEE which has been conducted in consistent to it.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Location

18. The project road is located in Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka, Deoghar, Pakur and Sahebganj districts of Jharkhand state. The project corridor takes off from 900 mtrs. ahead of Govindpur junction at NH-2 and terminates near Sahebganj at its junction with NH-80 after passing through Pokheria, Narayanpur, Jamtara, Dumka, Amrapara, Barhet, Littipara and Borio. Total length of the project road is 310.009 km. Project location map is enclosed as Map 1.

B. Type, Category and Need

19. Type: Project road improvement involves: (i) widening/strengthening of the existing single/ intermediate lane to 2-lane with earthen shoulder of 2.5 min rural open areas and paved shoulder in urban/built-up sections; (ii) improving road geometry (iii) rehabilitation and construction of cross drainage structures (iv) construction of side drains (v) Junctions/intersections improvement (vi) protection works and (vii) incorporating wild life passage structures and road safety measures etc. Project road is distributed into 4 civil construction packages as detailed above in Table 1. Predominant landuse of all packages is agricultural. Terrain is mainly rolling except in some sections of package-IV where it is hilly.

20. Category. Project categorisation was done using Rapid Environment Checklist (Appendix 1).The project road does not pass through any wildlife sanctuary, national park, tiger reserve, protected area network or any other similar eco-sensitive areas. However, some sections (32.645 Km) of the project road pass through reserved, protected and unclassified forests. Forest Clearance has been obtained for the diversion of 68.01 ha of forest land on 18.10.2013. No loss of rare/threatened/endangered species of flora is envisaged. During Forest Clearance process, some potential elephant crossing locations/movement6were indicated by the Forest Department for which separate study7 was undertaken by the wild life expert appointed by the Chief Wildlife Warden. Adequate mitigation measures have been incorporated in the design as recommended by the wildlife expert to facilitate safe movement of elephants. Other impacts are mainly temporary and localized in nature which can be mitigated by effective implementation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) included with the IEE. Hence, the project has been categorised as Category ‘B’ as per SPS, 2009.

21. As per EIA Notification 2006, of GoI, the project was categorised as Category B. In absence of SEIAA, the project was appraised by MoEF and environmental clearance was accorded vide letter No. 5-2/2009-IA.III dated 24thAugust, 2009.

22. Need. Jharkhand, being one of the mineral rich state of the country and the cradle of Indian civilization, Indian culture and education could not develop to its potential. Poor road transport infrastructure being a key factor responsible for it. The road network is seriously deficient both in the network connectivity and riding quality. As a result, vast areas of the state are inaccessible and major population chunks devoid of quality educational and health facilities, isolated from main stream of economic activities. The improvement of proposed road link

6 There is no defined movement path of the elephants along/across the project road. None of these undefined paths

are included either in eco-sensitive areas or protected area network. 7 Study concludes that elephant movements are quite erratic in pattern. They use only riverine courses not any under-passage of existing culverts or low-rise bridges. No accident of any elephant was reported till date due to movement of traffic.

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achieves high significance, serving large rural tribal population of north-eastern part of the state. During operation, the project a will improve transport connectivity in one of the state’s least developed but resource-rich areas. This will contribute to expansion of economic opportunities and poverty reduction in the area that the project road serves, and in turn improve the overall economic wellbeing of the state.The project will have the following immediate and direct benefits:

interstate connectivity to West Bengal through direct access to NH-2 and Bihar through NH-80.

improved quality of life for the rural population in the project influence area (northern part of Jharkhand state): this as a result of better access to markets, health, education and other facilities, and the derived stimulus for local economic activity; and

a more efficient and safe road transport system: through reduced travel times, reduced road accidents, reduced vehicle operating and maintenance costs and reduced transportation costs for goods;

C. Description of the Project Corridor

23. The existing road has single lane carriageway in 80% road length, single to intermediate width in 15%, and in remaining 5% is substandard two lanes. The existing road has a bituminous/gravel surface. In general, the earthen shoulders having a width of 0.2m to 2.0m metre are available at some sections. Pavement condition is mostly poor. Faults like pavement disintegration and pothole has been observed regularly along the entire section, shoulders in poor condition, and bad overall bad riding quality. Sharp curves, reverse curves, and steep longitudinal gradient below the acceptable standards have been observed at several locations.The existing right-of-way(ROW) varies between 15 m to 30 m and passing through plain/rolling terrains except a 10 km section in Package IV where terrain is hilly with abutting land use is predominantly agricultural. The road passes through major built up areas namely Govindpur, Jamtara, Dumka, Amrapara, and Borio. There are existing 17 major junctions and 42 minor junctions on the project road. There are nine major bridges, 5 ROBs and over 160 river crossings on the project road. Road has degraded shoulders and side drainage is also very poor. Khudia River, Barakar River, Ajay River, Seena River, Brahmani River, Mayurakshi River, Gumani River and Mora River are major rivers along the project road besides other small streams. 32.645km length of the road passes through forest areas of various forest divisions.

D. Proposed Improvement

24. Project road improvement will broadly follow Indian Road Congress (IRC)and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) Guidelines. The design criteria adopted is summarised in Table 4.

Table 4: Design Parameters S. No Parameters Detail

1 Geometric design standards IRC 73-1980 for ‘rolling and mountainous’ terrain

2 Road classification State Highway

3 Lane Width (m) 2x3.5 asphalt concrete surface

4 Shoulder Width (m) 2x2.5 earthen [paved in built-up area]

5 Ruling design speed 100/80 km/h

6 Minimum design speed 80/65 -with 50 km/h in some areas

7 Absolute min. design speed 20 km/h [congested location and steep gradients

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S. No Parameters Detail

8 Proposed ROW width 30m minimum in general but 45m in bypass areas and in sections of major realignment

9 Ruling Gradient (%) 3.3/6.0% (rolling/mountainous terrain)

10 Limiting Gradient (%) 5.0/7.0% (rolling/mountainous terrain)

11 Exceptional Gradient (%) 6.7/8.0% (rolling/mountainous terrain)

2. Proposed Improvements

(i) Widening of road from the existing single/intermediate lane to 2-lane of 7.0m carriageway with 2.5 m earthen shoulder in rural/open areas and hard shoulders in built-up area. Total formation width is 12 m. Proposed ROW in general is 30m except for realignment/bypass section which has been kept as 45m. Typical cross-section is given as Fig 1.

(ii) Construction of 3bypasses are proposed at Govindpur (length=6.230Km), Jamtara (length=11.077Km), and Dumka (length = 6.577 Km)are proposed to avoid large scale impact on commercial/residential structures. Realignments have been proposed at 13 villages.

(iii) Total land acquisition involved for the project is approximately 532 ha excluding government land and 68.01 ha of forest land.

(iv) The horizontal curves have been eased to the extent feasible considering the ground constraints. Horizontal geometry will be based on IRC: 38-1988 “Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways (First Revision)” and vertical geometry will be based on IRC: SP 23-1993 “.Existing gradients in some sections are steep.This has been eased to the extent feasible.

(v) A total of 11 major bridge (new=9 and reconstruction=2), 61 minor bridge (new=45, widening=1 and reconstruction=15) and 550 culverts (hume pipe=304, box culvert=183 and slab culverts=63) are proposed. Design modifications for 14 cross drainage structures will be done in view of the recommendations made by wildlife expert for safe movement of elephants at potential crossing locations.

(vi) 11 underpasses, 3 new ROBs and 1 flyover are proposed under the project. (vii) Existing road is largely devoid of side drain. In some urban stretches where

drains were observed are blocked and choked. Lined drains are proposed in built-up sections to avoid water logging. Drainage blankets for a length of 75.225 kms are provided to protect the pavement from upward groundwater flows, surface infiltration and rise of water by capillary action

(viii) All major junctions including junction at Govindpur with NH-2 and Sahebganj with NH-80 at start and end points are proposed for improvement as per geometrics laid down in IRC: SP: 41-1994.

(ix) The total pavement thickness will be 640 - 665mm. The pavement layers consist of overlay with bituminous surfacing -40mm thickness, DBM base course – 50 to 70 mm thick, WMM Granular Base - 250mm thickness, and GSB sub-base -300mm.

(x) Presently, lay byes/ parking areas and wayside amenities are not proposed; nor required from present and projected traffic volume considerations. Bus bays are proposed at 12 locations (3 – Part I and 9

(xi) Adequate protection works and road side furniture, brick masonry breast/retaining walls, turfing of high embankment slopes, km stones, ROW stones, bus bays with shelter other safety measures, informatory boards, mandatory road signs, and edge line marking are proposed.

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(xii) As project enhancement measures, rain water harvesting structures will be constructed along roads to collect surface runoff. Most of the borrow areas will also be converted in ponds. This will augment the groundwater condition.

(xiii) Fly ash will be used in sub-base layer for road construction. This will minimise the landuse for disposal of fly ash

Fig 1: Typical Cross Section

3. Construction Material Sourcing

25. Due to favourable topography (rolling), earth material for the project is available in abundant close to the project road. There are 223 identified borrows areas and will be operated and rehabilitated as per IRC: 10-1961. Stone aggregates will be sourced from existing licensed quarries located within an average lead of 20 Km. Sand will be obtained from licensed quarries of beds of rivers being crossed by the project road. It is mandatory to use fly ash for the road project located within 100 km radius. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Farakka and Kahalgaon are at 60 km and 62 km from Package–III and Package-IV respectively, fly ash use will be mandatory. Manufactured materials like cement, steel and bitumen are required for the construction work. Water for construction purpose will be sourced from river and drinking/domestic water requirement will be met through groundwater. Quantity and source of construction materials is summarised in Table 5.

Table 5:Quantity and Source of Construction Material Materials PKG - I PKG - II PKG - III PKG – IV Total Source and Lead (km)

Fly Ash (M

3)

-- -- 154,686 12,510 167,196 Pkg III- Farakka-60 Km Pkg IV- Kahalgaon-62 Km

Earth Work (M

3)

1,891,185 1,011,284 228,769 498,949 3,630,187 Available along roadside within 0 to 2.5 km. A total of 223 borrow areas have been identified for the project.

Sub grade (M

3)

111,192,375 543,584 758,953 532,223 113,027,135 Pkg I- Gorga 16 Km Pkg II- Murgabani - 25. 7 Km Pkg III- Mouladalai-28.4 Km Pkg IV- B.B Kola-24.09 Km

Aggregate (MT)

96,649 65,768 59,288 33,842 255,547

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Materials PKG - I PKG - II PKG - III PKG – IV Total Source and Lead (km)

Cement (Bags)

741,222 481,185 478,776 235,957 1,937,140 Pkg I-Raipur (750 Km) Pkg II-Raipur (830 Km) Pkg-IIIRaipur (912 Km) Pkg IV- Raipur (1010 Km)

Sand (MT)

74,323 49,474 47,309 25,619 196,725 Pkg I- Barakar River Pkg II- Seena River Pkg III Brahmani River Pkg IV- Gumani River

E. Cost and Implementation Schedule

26. The project is being implemented in 4 civil packages and is expected to be completed by 2014-15. The estimated project cost is Rs.1, 054 crores.

F. Status of Civil Works as of June 2013

27. Project key improvement component involves widening of single/intermediate lane road to 2-lane standard for a length of 310 km and construction/reconstruction/widening of 11 major bridges, 61 minor bridges, and 550 culverts. Improvement works are guided by MoRTH specifications and IRC guidelines. Physical progress could not be achieved as per targeted schedule due to delay in forest clearance, land acquisition, approval of ROB design by railways and other unanticipated reasons. Table 6 provides detail of road work and structures as of June 2013.

Table 6: Status of Physical Progress as of June 2013 S. No

Description Package-I (M/s. GKC Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad)

Package-II (M/s Ramky

Infrastructure Ltd.)

Package-III (M/s. GVR

Infrastructure Ltd)

Package-IV (M/s Ramky

Infrastructure Ltd)

1 EW&SG 81.20% 61.99% 65.95% 68.57%

2 GSB 74.89% 43.69% 53.50% 58.51%

3 WMM 74.42% 43.62% 51.93% 56.63%

4 DBM 69.35% 40.57% 49.89% 52.96%

5 BC 59.68% 19.04% 35.30% 33.61%

6 Structure 70.37% 52.29% 54.34% 47.72% BC = base course, DBM = double bituminous macadam, EW&SG = earth work and sub grade, GSB = gravel sub

base, WMM = wet mix macadam

28. All necessary clearance and permits required for road construction activities like forest clearance, environmental clearance, permission for quarrying, establishment and operation of plants and equipment i.e. hot mix plants, batching plant, crushers, and storage of explosives have been secured from concerned authorities except NOC for package-IV for which application is already submitted by the contractor.

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources

1. Topography and Drainage:

29. The topography of the project area is predominantly plain and rolling except in the last 10 Km which lies in the upland tract. Average elevation of the project influence area above mean sea level is 250m, 400m being highest in Sahebganj. Most of the project area is the part of the Chotanagpur plateau and Rajmahal Traps, which extends upto West Bengal. In general, the ground slope of the project area falling in Dhanbad, Dumka and Jamtara districts is towards south-east whereas project area in Deoghar generally slopes from north to south, and Pakur and Sahebganj districts towards north-east.Drainage of the project area is largely controlled by Barakar River Ajay River, Seena River, Brahmani, Mayurakshi, Gumani and Bansloi River. Drainage pattern is mainly dendritic.

2. Geology and Soil

30. Geology: Dhanbad and Jamtara districts are underlain by the Precambrian crystalline metamorphic rocks, intrusives, Gondwana sedimentaries, and recent to sub-recent alluvium occurring as thin and discontinuous patches on a limited scale along prominent drainage channels. The hard crystallines of the Precambrian age occupy 90% of the total geographical area of the district. The semi-consolidated rocks of the Gondwana formation occur in pockets. Rajmahal Trap is the major rock type in Pakur and Sahebganj districts. The other geological formations of the district are alluvium, Laterite, and Gondwana. In the eastern part of the district, recent alluvium occurs in patches, which is mainly composed of sand, and sub-ordinate clay. Laterites are mainly of in-situ origin and have been formed by sub-aerial erosion of underlying basalts under favourable climatic conditions. Laterites provide a productive ground water reservoir due to their very porous and permeable nature. The most significant Barakar coal measures of Gondwana formation occurs in western part of the districts. Rajmahal traps having a large thickness of basaltic lava flows occur in the major part of the district.

31. Soil: The soils of Dhanbad, Dumka and Jamtara districts are mostly residual type. High temperature and high rainfall have led to the formation of lateritic type soils from rocks of Archean metamorphic complex exposed in the greater part of the district and also from the lower Gondwana rocks. Texturally the soils of the districts are classified into four: (i) stony and gravelly soils,low-grade soils having a large admixture of cobbles, pebbles and gravels generally found at the base of the hills;(ii) sandy soils, found generally near the river and streambeds. They contain more than 60 percent sand and poor in plant nutrients;(iii) loamy soils, consist mostly detritus of decomposed rocks and vegetable matter and contain between 30 to 60 percent sand; and (iv) clayey soils,sticky when wet and very hard and difficult to break when dry. They are very fertile but yield in such soils improve with addition of sand, lime, coarse bulky manures etc.

32. The major soil type of Pakur and Sahebganj district is the Rajmahal type soil which is derived from basaltic lava. These soils are black in colour, very fertile, and restricted to Rajmahal lava areas. The other soil type of the district is red soil, eroded scarp soil, foothill soils, Tal soil, and alluvial soil. The red soils are light to medium and are red to yellow or light grey in colour. The eroded scarp soil occurs in transverse section of dissected, descending scarp land at various altitude of upland. The yellowish red foothill soils occur in the eastern fringe of the district. The clayey loam type alluvial soil occurs near Sahebganj plain.

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3. Natural Hazards

33. According to Seismic Zone Map of India, project area lies in seismic Zone III, denoting moderate damage risk zone. The study area’s rolling terrain does not have major flood problem. Overtopping of existing road due to flood was not reported. However, flash floods occurred in 11 districts including some parts of project districts, but not in the project area in the year 2004. Sahebganj district was hit by flood in the year 2008 also. Drought is the very frequent in Jharkhand. All the districts of Jharkhand are drought-prone. Statistics show increased frequency of drought years in Jharkhand in last decade. Severe heat waves were recorded in the years 2004, 2005, and2010.Highest maximum and minimum temperatures are reported in the recent years in Jharkhand. Forest fires constitute a major threat, as the forests of the state are mostly dry deciduous. However, forests of the project area have not witnessed any fire in the past.

4. Climate

34. The state falls under the Tropical Monsoon climatic region. The climate of Jharkhand can be divided into three distinct seasons; winter, summer, and monsoon. Winter commences from late November to end of February and characterized by heavy dew, thick fog and associated cold wave when mercury drops down to as low as 30C to 40C. Summer extends from March to middle of June when the maximum temperature reaches upto 400C. The rainy season commences from the middle of June and continues till the end of September. The district receives a larger share of the annual rainfall mainly by the south west monsoon during the rainy season and from the retreating monsoon during the inter monsoon period. Average rainfall of the state is 1300 mm.

35. Relative humidity is the lowest during the summer when it is as low as 30% in the afternoon. In the night humidity is relatively high. Light north westerlies prevail during the winter and summer months. Towards the end of the summer season wind begins to blow more and more from directions between northeast and south-east. These winds strengthen predominantly during monsoon. Dust storms occur occasionally in April and May. Rainfall in the last four years in the project districts has been summarised in Table 7.

Table 7: Annual rainfall in the Project Districts in Last Four Years S. No Project District 2008 2009 2010 2011

1 Dumka 1265.2 1677.1 1215.4 819.3

2 Jamtara 1166.6 1327.0 1286.2 1088.1

3 Deoghar 985.4 1347.7 935.2 1197.1

4 Sahebganj 1564.2 1507.5 1199.2 798.4

5 Pakur 1444.8 2099.2 1893.4 1890.2

6 Dhanbad 1470.1 1241.0 1002.8 1483.3 Source - Directorate of Statistics & Evaluation, Jharkhand

5. Air Quality

36. The ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at 6 six locations in 2008 during initial IEE preparation to establish baseline condition along the project corridor. All values conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards applicable during that time except SPM and RPM which exceeded at most of the locations. This may be attributed to use of low-grade fuel, low maintenance of vehicles, and also the poor road conditions including use of unpaved shoulders by the vehicles. Most importantly, monitoring was carried along road near most congested locations to represent the worst case scenario. Moreover, most of the congested

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locations are either bypassed or realigned. Widening and improvement of the existing road will ease congestion which will result in better dispersion of pollutants.

37. Recent data on air quality being monitored by the contractors as part of EMoP compliance ascertained all parameters meet the prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in November 2009. Concentration of PM2.5 was not monitored by contractors of package-II and Package-III. They have been directed by the CSC to follow the recent notifications. Results of air quality monitoring establish that mitigations adopted to control air pollution are effective. Table 8 provides air quality data in the project area during construction stage.

Table8: Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area

S. No Parameters Locations

PM 10 µg/m3

PM 2.5 µg/m3

Sox µg/m3

NOx µg/m3

NAAQS Limit 100 60 80 80

Package-I

1. Gorga(Crusher& WMM Site) 69 41 18.9 22.5

2. Shankerdih(HM & Batching Plant) 63 38 18.4 21.7

3. Pabia(Crusher & WMM Site) 74 44 19.7 22.9

4. Dacchin Bahl(Batching Plant) 59 35 17.9 21.2

Package-II

1. Murgabani(Near Security Room) 96.60 ----- <10 24.50

2. Murga Bani (NearWeigh Bridge) 91.84 ----- <10 23.30

3. Murga Bani (Near Plant) 79.50 ----- 12 27.00

4. Kendutand(Near Security Room) 93.50 ----- <10 16.30

5. Kendutand(Near Staff Room) 84.76 ----- 11 18.80

6. Kendutand(Near Central Lab) 86.58 ----- <10 15.42

Package-III

1. Near Weigh Bridge 77.42 ----- 31.02 27.54

2. Near Batching Plant 76.90 ----- 27.92 25.17

3. Near Crusher 69.25 ----- 25.37 22.28

Package-IV

1. Near Crusher 74 38 18.7 26.8

2. Near Batching Plant 68 31 16.4 19.9

3. Near Office 54 23 12.7 14.6

Source: Air Quality Monitoring Conducted by Contractors in March 2013 by Approved Laboratories

6. Noise Level

38. Noise monitoring was conducted both during day and night time at 7 most congested locations in 2008 during IEE preparation to assess the noise level in worst case scenario. The results indicate that the noise level exceeds at all the locations than the prescribed ambient noise standards for commercial as well as residential zones. Increased noise level may be attributed to low maintenance of vehicles, frequent honking due to congestion, and poor condition of the road. It is anticipated that noise level will decrease significantly after road expansion and improvement work enabling decongestion at existing built up areas.

39. Noise levels are periodically being monitored by the contractors of all construction packages during day time at all construction sites, near HMP, crushers and camp offices. The results indicate that noise level near construction sites are well within permissible exposure in case of continuous noise for work zone area as per model rules of Factory Act, 1948 (Appendix

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9-B). This indicates effective implementation of mitigations adopted by the contractors. Results of noise monitoring are given in Table 9.

Table9: Noise Level in the Project Area

S. No Locations Leq - Max in dB (A)

Leq – Min dB (A)

Leq - Mean in dB (A)

Package-I

1. Gorga(Crusher & WMM Site) 69.90 63.70 66.80

2. Shankerdih(HM & Batching Plant) 66.70 61.50 64.10

3. Pabia(Crusher & WMM Site) 65.30 58.80 62.05

4. Dacchin Bahl(Batching Plant) 67.60 61.10 64.35

Package-II

1. Murgabani(Near Security Room) Noise LeveLeq –Max and Leq- Min was not

62.3

2. Murga Bani (Near Weigh Bridge) 57.0

3. Murga Bani (Near Plant) 56.5

4. Kendutand(Near Security Room) 63.6

5. Kendutand(Near Staff Room) 67.6

Package-III

1. Near Weigh Bridge 80.60 67.40 73.29

2. Near Batching Plant 79.80 70.70 77.01

3. Near Crusher 82.10 71.80 75.32

Package-IV

1. Near Crusher 72

2. Near Batching Plant 63

3. Near Office 52

Source: Monitoring conducted by Contractors through approved agencies as part of EMoP Compliance

7. Waterways/Water Bodies

40. Project road crosses several perennial rivers like Barakar river at km 30.1 and Ajay River at km. 10.5 on Jamtara bypass in Package-I, Ajay river at Km 5.8, Seena River at Km 28.4, Brahmani River at Km 60.3 and Mayurakshi River at Km 69.2 in Package-II, Gumaru at km 27.6 and Bansloi at km 51.1 in Package-III and Gumani at km 1.5 and Morang at km 21.25 in package-IV. Besides, there are a large number of seasonal rivers/stream/nallahs being crossed by the project road. A number of ponds, hand pumps and wells are also located on either side of the project road within the proposed ROW. Details of all waterways/water bodies have been appended as Appendix 2.

8. Surface Water Quality

41. Surface water quality of the project area monitored in 2008 during IEE preparation conforms the CPCB standard except turbidity which exceeds at all locations. Analysis of the DO, BOD and COD shows that there were no organic load present in the water and no waste disposal was observed in the project area. Details of the Sampling locations and the result of tests are given in Table 10. Surface water quality monitored during construction stage is also within permissible limit w.r.t Tolerance Limits for Inland Surface Waters (as per IS:2296)

Table10: Surface water Quality in the Project Area S. No Parameters and Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Standard

1. pH 7.80 7.25 6.88 6.82 7.91 7.16 6-9

17

S. No Parameters and Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 Standard

2. Conductivity ( mhos/cm) 96 186 95 66 202 129 1000-2250

3. Total Suspended Solids(mg/l) 128 99 120 81 141 196 500-2100

4. Turbidity (NTU) 64 75 196 45 95 190 5-10

5. Total Hardness (mg/l) 24 56 22 10 60 20 300

6. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 6.1 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 4-6

7. Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/l) <1 <1 2.0 1.0 <1 4.0 2-3

8. Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) 12 8 9 6 20 30 ----

9. Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO3) 60 30 BDL BDL 100 18 ----

10. Sulphate (mg/l) 6 11 7 4 13 8 400-1000

11 Chlorides(mg/l) 10 12 8 9 14 10 250-600

12. Nitrate (mg/l) 0.368 0.584 0.34 0.42 0.54 0.510 20-50

S1- Pond at Village Panchkuthia, S2- River Gumani at Barhet, S3 - River Bansloi at Amrapara S4- Pond at Village Fatehpur, S5- River Ajay near Jamtara, S6- River Barakar at Km 30.00

9. Groundwater

42. Occurrence and Yield: Groundwater in Dhanbad district occurs in unconfined condition in the weathered zones at willow depths in most of the litho units in the Achaeans and in the Gondwanas. Groundwater occurs under confined to semi-confined condition where the fractures are deep seated and are unconnected with the top weathered zone. Yield of the tube well is poor to moderate (1-20 m /hr). Depth to water table varies from 8-10m during pre-monsoon and 4-6m in post-monsoon. In Jamtara district, groundwater is restricted to fractures, joints and fissures. Yield prospect is below 10m3/hr. Water table in pre and post monsoon is 5.45 to 9.43 m bgl and 2.41 to 3.80 m bgl respectively. The ground water in Pakur and Sahebganj districts occur under water table condition in weathered, jointed and fractured basaltic zone. The water bearing zone occurring between depths of 15-40 m are either interflow weathered shear zones or directly connected to willow aquifer in widely spaced joints and fractures. Below the depth of 40 m, where the fracture porosity is insignificant, the weathered flow contacts are completely cut-off from lower aquifer giving rise to confining conditions. Yield prospect is poor to moderate (1.08 to 30.00 m3/hr).

43. Groundwater Quality: Results of ground water quality in the project area during 2008 largely conforms the drinking water standard except turbidity and total hardness which exceeded the desirable limit at some locations but well within maximum permissible limit (IS 10500-1991).Recent analysis done for groundwater quality in each camp office of all construction packages meets the drinking water standard. This was also ascertained by the study carried out by Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) inall the project districts. Recent results of ground water quality in each construction packages are presented in Table 11.

Table 11: Groundwater Quality in the Project Area S. No Parameters and Unit Pkg-I Pkg-II Pkg-IV Pkg-III Standard

1 Color (Hazen Units) 1.8 1.7 <1 <1 5-25

2 Odour UO UO UO UO UO

3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable

4 pH 7.8 7.9 6.85 6.86 5-8.5

5 Total Dissolved Solids(mg/l) 217 162 180 127 500-2000

6 Turbidity (NTU) 3.9 4.7 0.1 0.34 5-10

7 Total Hardness (mg/l) 44 53 116.28 40.80 300-600

8 Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO3) 58 46 147.2 62.50 200-600

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Fig 2: Land Utilisation Pattern in Jharkhand

S. No Parameters and Unit Pkg-I Pkg-II Pkg-IV Pkg-III Standard

9 Fluoride (mg/l) Nil 0.14 Nil 1-1.5

10 Sulphate (mg/l) 12.8 13.4 <2 1.24 200-400

11 Chlorides(mg/l) 10.6 9.8 11.74 6.34 250-1000

12 Residual Free Chlorine Nil <0.1 - 0.2

13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.27 0.26 0.14 0.10 0.3-1.0

14 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 48.3 36.5 37.54 11.45 75-200 Source: Monitoring Conducted by Contractors through Approved Agencies UO: Unobjectionable

10. Landuse/Land Cover

44. Most of the geographical area of the state is available for utilisation. Major portion of the land use is under agriculture. Total cultivable land is 29.00 lakh ha. (36.36%), 9.62 lakh ha. (12.07%) is other than current fallow. The net sown area is 15.04 lakh ha. (18.87%). The most important crops are paddy, maize wheat and vegetable followed by pulse and oils seeds. Plantation and sericulture programs have been taken up seriously. The area of 3.36 lakh ha. (4.21%) is under agriculture wasteland. More than 28 % of the land is under forest cover (Fig 2),

where incidentally concentration of tribal population is also found.

45. Land use of the study area (10 km buffer) replicates the land use pattern of the state dominated by agriculture/open land followed by forest land, barren land and settlement areas. Rest is shared by water bodies and miscellaneous land use. Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture. Chainage wise land use along the project road is presented in Table 3.11. There are also few public / private establishments along the project road. The general “Land Use Pattern” of the state is given in Table 12 below.

Table 12: Chainage wise Land use pattern along project road Chainage Km.

Land use/land cover From To

Package I

0.0 7.0 Predominantly Agricultural area

7.0 8.0 Mixed (agricultural and forests)

8.0 20.0 Mixed land use (residential, agricultural and open land)

20.0 31.0 Mixed with (agricultural, residential and forest )

31.0 45.0 Mixed land use with agricultural, residential and open land)

45.0 49.0 Mixed (Residential, Forest and Agricultural)

49.0 76.0 Mixed land use with agricultural, residential and open land)

Package II 0.0 4.0 Residential and Commercial Area

4.0 7.0 Agricultural and open land

7.0 8.0 Built up / residential area

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Chainage Km. Land use/land cover

From To

8.0 32.0 Mixed land use with agricultural, residential and open land)

32.0 34.0 Mixed with forest and agricultural

34.0 53.0 Mixed land use with agricultural, residential and open land)

53.0 56.0 Mixed (Forest and Agricultural)

56.0 70.0 Mixed land use with agricultural, residential and open land)

70.0 71.0 Mixed (Forest and Agricultural)

71.0 76.0 Agricultural and residential /built up area

Package III 0.0 4.0 Residential and Commercial Area

4.0 15.0 Mix land use (built up, agricultural, barren)

16.0 19.0 Agricultural and built up

19.0 20.0 Agricultural and forests

20.0 25.0 Mixed land use (agricultural and barren land)

25.0 35.0 Mixed (Agricultural and forest )

35.0 37.0 Residential

37.0 50.0 Mixed (Forest and Agricultural)

50.0 54.0 Built up and residential

54.0 64.0 Agricultural and residential

64.0 68.0 Built up area and open land

68.0 73.0 Agricultural and forests

73.0 75.0 Residential and commercial areas

75.0 85.0 Agricultural and forests

85.0 87.0 Agricultural

87.0 88.0 Built-up Area and residential

88.0 94.0 Agricultural and open land

94.0 97.0 Mixed (Agricultural, residential and open land)

97.0 99.0 Residential and Built up areas

Package IV

0.0 2.0 Residential and settlement areas

2.0 7.0 Mix land use (built up, agricultural, barren)

7.0 13.0 Agricultural and barren land

13.0 16.0 Forests and Agricultural land

16.0 37.0 Mixed land use (agricultural, open, and thin settlement)

37.0 40.0 Agricultural and open land

40.0 48.0 Forest areas with pockets of agricultural fields

48.0 50.0 Mixed (settlement, agricultural and open land) Source: Strip Plan and Ground Physical Survey

B. Ecological Resources

1. State Profile

46. Forest Resources: The state ranks 10th among all the states and union territories as regards to abundance of area under forest. The recorded forest area in the state is 23,605 sq. km, which is 29.61% to its total geographical area. As per the legal classification, there are three types of forests in the state: reserved, protected, and unclassified8 covering 4,387 Sq. km (18.59%), 19,185 sq. km (81.28%) and 33 sq. km (0.14%) respectively.

8Reserved Forest: an area notified under the provision of Indian Forest Act having full degree of protection. In

Reserved Forests, all activities are prohibited unless permitted. Protected Forest: an area notified under the

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47. Floral Species: The forest vegetation of the state varies from rich sal forest to miscellaneous forests and sparsely covered grassland. Shorea robusta (Sal) dominates with 55% of the total growing stalk. Main species of Jharkhand forests are Sal (Shorea robusta), Asan (Terminalia tomentosa), Gamhar (Gmelina arborea), Bijasal (Pterocarpus marsupium), Karam (Adina cordifolia), Salai (Boswellia serrata), Khair (Acacia catechu), Dhawra (Anogeissus latifolia, Semul (Bombaxceiba), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Mahua (Madhuca Indica), and Palash (Beutea monosperma).

48. Faunal Species: The forest of Jharkhand harbour rich and varied wildlife. Some of the important animals are Indian elephant (Elephas maximus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Bison (Bos gaurus), Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes), Sloth Bear (Lelur susursinus), Common Langur (Presbytis entellus), Monkey (Rhesus macaque), Wild dog (Cuon alpines), Cheetal (Axis axis), Sambhar (Cervus unicolor), Nilgai (Boselaphus tragecamelus), Wild boar(Sus scrofa), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntijak), and Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena). Besides a large variety of avifauna, reptiles and amphibians are also found.

49. Protected area Network: Jharkhand has 1 National Park and 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries under protected area network. None of these protected areas are located within 10 km radius of the project.

2. Forest in the Project Districts

50. Project districts other than Pakur and Sahebganj have very less forest cover compared to state. Sahebganj has highest forest area with 29.99% followed by Pakur (18.01%), Dumka (10.25%), Dhanbad (6.84%),and Deoghar (6.82%). Proportion of open forest is highest followed by moderately dense forest. Very dense forest is negligible in most of the project districts. Forest cover in different canopy classes is given in Table 13.

Table 13: Forest Cover in Project Districts

S. No District Geographical

Area (sq. km

Very Dense Forest

Moderately Dense Forest

Open Forest

Total Forest Area (sq. Km)

% to Total Area

1 Dhanbad 2996 0 50 155 205 6.84

2 Dumka 6212 0 314 323 637 10.25

3 Deoghar 2479 0 84 85 169 6.82

4 Pakur 1571 3 172 108 283 18.01

5 Sahebganj 1834 21 336 193 550 29.99 Source: Forest Survey of India; state of Forest, 2011

3. Forest Locations along the Project Corridor

51. Length: Some stretches of project corridor passes through protected forest patches with an aggregate length of 32.645 km of which 6.555 km is under package-I, 5.27 km in Package- II, 13.62 km in package III, and 7.20 Km in Package-IV. Areawise:25.587 ha in Package-I; 12.421 ha, Package-II; 23.587 ha in Package-III; and 6.415 ha in Package-IV. The locations of these forests are presented in Map 2.

provision of Indian Forest Act having limited degree protection. In Protected Forests, all activities are permitted unless prohibited. Unclassified Forest: Area recorded as forest but not included in reserved or protected forests

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Map 2: Package wise Location of Forest along the Project Corridor

52. Length of road passing through forest area in each contract package and project district is given in Table 14.

Table 14: Chainage wise Road Length Passing through Forest Areas

District Packages Chainage Length in km

District Packages Chainage Length in

km

Dhanbad

Package-

(I)

7.200 to 7.400 0.200

Pakur

Package-

(III)

44.960 to 45.080 0.120

15.480 to 16.050 0.570 45. 840 to 46.250 0.410

18.265 to 18.560 0.295 47.000 to 47.156 0.155

22.040 to 22.360 0.320 48.100 to 48.790 0.690

23.920 to 23.980 0.060 48.970 to 49.285 0.315

23.980 to 25.500 1.520 49.570 to 49.650 0.080

26.380 to 26.730 0.350 55.952 to 56.087 0.135

27.620 to 27.740 0.120 61.958 to 62.336 0.378

28.400 to 28.600 0.200

64.340 to 64.380 0.040

64.995 to 65.055 0.060

Jamtara

35.270 to 35.850 0.580 66.460 to 65.740 0.280

42.560 to 44.220 1.660 67.933 to 68.333 0.400

52.750 to 52.850 0.100 68.425 to 69 .025 0.600

54.750 to 55.000 0.250 69.165 to 69.565 0.400

62.270 to 62.600 0.330

69.605 to 69.645 0.040

75.220 to 75.450 0.230

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District Packages Chainage Length in km

District Packages Chainage Length in

km

Total 6.555 75.585 to 76.530 0.945

Jamtara

Package-

(II)

10.600 to 10.900 0.300 77.340 to 77.520 0.175

27.970 to 28.400 0.430 81.090 to 81.640 0.550

31.600 to 31.870 0.270 85.780 to 85.957 0.177

33.730 to 33.910 0.180

86.516 to 86.772 0.256

Total (E+F) 13.620

Dumka

50.300 to 50.450 0.150 Sahebganj

Package-

(IV)

12.570 to 15.720 0.150

52.610 to 54.610 2.000 13.340 to 13.490 0.150

55.350 55.430 0.080 14.040 to 14.290 0.250

55.510 56.000 0.490 14.850 to 15.600 0.750

57.000 57.320 0.320 37.350 to 43.250 5.900

61.800 62.850 1.050 Total 7.200

Total 5.270

Length of Forest in Package I= 6.555 Km

Length of Forest in Package II=5.270 Km

Length of Forest in Package III=13.620 Km

Length of Forest in Package-IV= 7.200 Km

Grand Total= 32.645 Km.

Forest Clearance has been issued by MoEF vide F. No.8-51/2010-FC on 18.10.2013

Dumka

Package-

(III)

5.800 to 6.100 0.300

24.950 to 25.200 0.250

26.293 to 26.353 0.060

26.451 to 26.585 0.134

26.853 to 27.227 0.374

27.267 to 27.496 0.229

27.536 to 27.694 0.158

27.970 to 28.187 0.217

29.251 to 29.625 0.374

29.763 to 30.451 0.688

30.700 to 31.200 0.500

31.300 to 31.420 0.120

31.600 to 34.200 2.600

36.900 to 37. 90 1.000

40.000 to 40.180 0.180

Source: Forest Division Offices of Project Districts, 2010

53. Type and Area: Project corridor passes through forestlands of five territorial forest divisions, namely: Dhanbad Jamtara, Dumka, Pakur and Sahebganj. Total forestland involved for diversion for the purpose of road widening and improvement is 68.01 ha. Table 15 provides detail of different types of forest land and its area involved in different forest divisions.

Table15: Details of Forest Land Diversion

S. No Forest Division Reserved Forest

Area (ha) Protected Forest

Area (ha) Unclassified

Area (ha) Total

Area (ha)

1 Dhanbad 6.261 8.333 2.967 17.561

2 Jamtara Nil 5.316 3.87 9.186

3 Pakur Nil 4.0131 3.00687 7.01997

4 Dumka 1.15 24.347 2.332 27.829

5 Sahebganj nil 2.887 3.528 6.415

Total 7.411 44.8961 15.70387 68.01097 Source: Divisional Forest offices of Dhanbad, Jamtara, Pakur, Dumka and Sahebganj during verification for forest diversion proposal, 2010

54. Roadside Tree: The road side plantation is mixed type and natural regeneration is seen. Common species found along road are Pipal, Palas, Krench, Sharifa, Surshti, Kathal, Sisam, Mango, Mahua, Bamboo, Alkinia, Tari, Sagwan, Bargad, Jamun,Babul,Simar, Imli, and Papita.

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A total of 38,364; 15,100 in forest areas, and 23,534 trees in non-forest areas, were initially identified within the proposed ROW. However, tree cutting is reduced my more than 50% to 11,043 (excluding forest areas) by restricting improvements along the toe line of the formation width. Package wise list of affected trees in forest and non-forest area are summarised in Table 16.

Table 16: Details of Affected Trees in Forest and Non Forest Area

S. No. Package

Trees in Forest Area Trees in Non Forest Area

Girth up to 60 cm

Girth above 30cm

Total Girth upto

60 cm Girth above

30cm Total

1 Package I 162 209 371 1,064 1,502 2,566

2 Package II 51 443 494 629 2,153 2,782

3 Package III 6,694 4,896 11,590 3,362 9,519 12,881

4 Package IV 1,271 1,374 2,645 266 5,039 5,305

Total 8,178 6,922 15,100 5,321 18,213 23,534 Source: Joint verification by Forest Department with RCD, 2010

4. Wildlife/Elephant Movement in the Project Area

55. During appraisal of the forest diversion proposal for the project, Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) at MoEF, New Delhi, indicated the presence of movement of elephant population in the project area. FAC recommended that the State Government undertakes a study to find appropriate measures to safeguard the movement of elephants and avoid or mitigate the impacts of the proposed highway on long-term conservation of elephant population in this part. The study was conducted by Dr. R. K. Singh, Wildlife Expert appointed by Chief Wildlife Warden of Jharkhand. Methodology adopted to identify potential locations for elephant crossings was mainly based on:

(i) Review of existing literature (ii) Consultation with forest/wildlife experts (iii) Interviews of Local villagers (iv) Study of landscape level concerns of elephant population & key movement

corridors (v) Identification of potential habitats along and near the proposed highway, as key

refuge areas for elephants and assess their extent and habitat quality and (vi) Collection of data on elephant-human conflict and spatio-temporal shift of

elephant

56. Elephant and their Movement Pattern: It is reported that until 1993, there were no mention of elephants in Dhanbad, Jamtara, Dumka, Pakur and Sahebganj Districts. However, during the study there were reports of movement of between 11-20 elephants in these districts. Consultations with elephant experts suggests that these are non-native resident population of this region but a small splinter group whose movement pattern are mainly driven by people’s chasing away from their area. It is also suggested that these elephants actually belong to either Saranda (Singhbhum) population or West Bengal population.

57. Local villagers along the corridor were consulted to record their knowledge about the elephant population and other behaviours. Most respondents suggested the herd size of the elephants found in the project area ranges between 17 and 22,and a couple of respondents also indicated the presence of male loner in the project area. Importantly, most of the respondents reported presence of good numbers of young ones in the herd. Villagers also corroborated with

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the observations of experts that these elephants are recent migrants to this area, as most of the respondents indicated that they saw the elephants first time in this area and only in the last decade. Also, most reported that they saw the elephants crossing the roads often. Outcome consultation is given in Table 17.

Table 17: Information’s Provided by Local Villagers about Elephant Movement

Pkg. No.

Village Age of Respondent

Elephant Sightings Herd Composition Saw Elephant

Road Crossing?

First Time

Area Comes from?

Area Goes to?

Key Months

Total Tusker Young/

Suckling

I

Fatehpur 55 1972 Sukhna Khardi Nov -Dec.

18 2 4 Yes

Badbad 35 2009 Barakatani Gorga Nov. - Dec.

22 Yes

Badbad 65 2011 Badbad Godady Nov. - Dec.

17 Yes

Mohaidl 70 2008 Bisbadi Vatakar Nov. - Dec.

17-18

Patuveda 35 2010 Kirtadi Karamada Nov. - Dec.

22 2 4 Yes

II

Rashunatior 40 2000 Hariharpur Gundaritahn Sep-Dec. 22 1 3 Yes

Renunagar 65 2001 Nothia Badalpur Sep-Dec. 22 1 Yes

Chakamda 23 2000 Pokharia Sataki Nov. - Dec.

19-20 2 3

Chakamda 40 2003 Bharposa Taravad, Sataul

Nov. - Dec.

19 1 4 Yes

III

Headkoria 40 2005 Rousaiiya Salkipahari Sep.-Jan. 18 2 3 Yes

Aamtala 26 2002 Rampur Jalai Pahari Sep-Dec. 22 1 2 Yes

Nakati Forest

30 2012 Nakati Jalai Pahari Aug.-Jan. 21 2 4

IV Tetaria 40 2012 Durgatola Tetaria

Nov. - Dec.

1 Yes

Pahoadpur 30 2006 Jaharada Banyi Aug.-Jan. 1 Source: Consultation held during Assessment of Elephant Movement along the Proposed Govindpur-Sahebganj Highway by Dr. R. K Singh and Dr. A. M. Dixit in 2013.

58. Key Findings of the Elephant Movement Assessment Study: The elephant movement in the study region are often controlled by their encounter with human settlements, provoking chase by villagers to avoid the damages of their crops and property. As a result, the elephants are not able to follow or chart their normal movement course. Thus, the movement patterns of elephants are erratic in nature and difficult to predict their route.

59. People reported that elephant crossing the roads generally use the riverine courses. But, none had corroborated about their using of under-passage of existing culverts or low rise bridges. Also, the frequency of elephant movement in the project area was higher during the months of September to December- the paddy cropping season.

60. Based on understanding of distribution of forest patches along the road length, human-elephant conflicts derived from elephant compensation information, and field observations including consultations with experts and local villagers, a total of 14 sites were identified for intervention which could facilitate the elephants to cross the highway. Out of these 14 locations,4 key locations were identified from where the frequency of elephant crossing is high.

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These four crossing are located in Pakur, Sahebganj, and Dumka district. In package terms, each civil works package will have one elephant crossing point.Of these 4 key crossing points, 3were considered critical that links regular movement path or permanent corridor of elephants (Map 3) providing opportunity for permanent occupation or access to neighbouring forest patches.

Map 3: Potential Habitat and Corridor for Long Term Conservation of Elephants

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C. Economic Development

61. Jharkhand is one of the poorest states in India with a sharp contrast between rural and urban poverty. The incidence of poverty at the State level is 44 % compared with 26 % for all-India. UNDP’s recent Human Development Report (HDR) for 2010 uses a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) that has been devised by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHDI) uses variables that are based on access to education, health, electricity, sanitation, drinking water, cooking fuel and assets. This shows that 77% of Jharkhand’s population is poor, rural poverty was 49% 1999-00 and urban value is only 23 %. The State has made considerable progress in reducing poverty. In 2004-05 per capita income was Rs. 20,848/year which has increased to Rs. 34,096 in 2011-12. The agricultural economy of the Jharkhand state is characterized by dependence on nature, low investment, low productivity, mono cropping with paddy as the dominant crop, inadequate irrigation facilities and small and marginal holdings. The dependence of agriculture on the vagaries of the rain can be gauged from the fact that as much as 92% of the total cultivated area is un-irrigated. .

1. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

62. Agriculture: Agriculture forms the backbone of the national economy and despite resolute industrialization in the last five decades; agriculture holds a place of pride in Jharkhand State. Besides the strong mineral base, the mainstay of economy is agriculture and allied activities. About80% of its population residing in 32,620 villages depend mainly on agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood The State’s total geographical area is 79.7 hectares. Total cultivable land is 29.00 lakh ha. (36.36%). 9.62 lakh ha. (12.07%) is other than current fallow. The net sown area is 15.04 lakh ha. (18.87%). The most important crops are paddy, maize wheat and vegetable followed by pulse and oils seeds. Plantation and sericulture programs have been taken up seriously.

63. The total area occupied by various plantation and horticulture crop in the state is about 2.57 lakh hectares with an estimated total production of 37.85 lakh tones. There are three diary plants at Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Ranchi and 13 milk-chilling plants in different districts of the State.

64. The State has potential for fisheries by enhancement of ponds, irrigation reservoirs, and rivers. The important fishes commonly found in the region’s plain and river basins are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeio calbase, Cirrihinus mirigale, L. Bata, W.attu, B. bagrius, Heteropneuptus fonilis, Notopterus nontopterus, and C. striatus,etc Density of fish production is 1,600 Kg. /ha. against national avg. of 2150 kg./ha. Per Capita availability of fish is 14 gm against the national average of 24 gm. The fish production is low because most of the tanks are small, seasonal, rainfed, old and having low carrying capacity for fish culture. Big ponds have become willow due to silting and weed infestation.

2. Industries and Mineral Resources

65. Industries: Because of its large mineral reserves, mining and mineral extraction is the major industry in the state. The manufacturing industry accounted for the largest share of investments (61.8 per cent), followed by electricity (32.7 per cent).An Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has been notified at Adityapur, adjoining Jamshedpur, for the automotive industry. A private sector consortium has been selected for developing the SEZ. The major growth drivers of engineering industry in Jharkhand are availability of raw material (iron and steel, aluminium, copper and other metals and non-metals), power, water and industrial labour. A number of

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heavy-engineering companies located in the state produce equipment and provide turn-key and consulting services to the existing metal and mining. There is ample scope for development and promotion of artisan-based activity such as manufacturing cane and bamboo products metal ware, stone carving, handlooms, wood works, and leaf plate making activities.

66. Minerals: The State of Jharkhand has an enormous potential for exploitation of coal, mica, and other minerals particularly in Singhbhum, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Ranchi, Hazaribagh, and Koderma. The State accounts for 32.09 per cent of India’s coal reserves, 25.94 per cent of copper, 31.84 per cent of iron ore, 90 percent of pyrite and 57.47 percent of graphite and huge deposits of other minerals. Because of its large mineral reserves, mining and mineral extraction is the major industry in the state. Mining and quarrying activities contribute over 11 per cent to the state’s GSDP and support downstream industries. Jharkhand’s extensive mineral resources make mining, metals and related sectors, a naturally strong sector of the state. Several other industrial areas have been developed in the state based on the location of mineral reserves and related down-stream industries.

3. Infrastructure Facility

67. Roads: Jharkhand has a road network of around 33,000 kms comprising of 1,844 kms of national highways, 6880 kms of State Highways and PWD Roads including Major District roads (including urban roads)and 24300 kms of rural roads including classified rural roads and minor district roads. Jharkhand has less than 20 kms of roads per 100 sq.km. Only 36% of villages are connected by all weather-roads and less than 25% villages with metalled roads which are significantly deficient compared to corresponding figures of India.

68. Railway: The total railway-route length in Jharkhand is 1,955 km. The rail density is 26.7 km per 1,000 sq km. The state has extensive goods-handling facilities available at Ranchi, Bokaro, Dhanbad, and Jamshedpur stations. The proposed dedicated freight corridor (Eastern corridor-extension to Kolkata; under the Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India) will pass through the state and is expected to benefit the industry significantly.

69. Aviation: A domestic airport is located in the state capital, Ranchi. Direct links are available from Ranchi to prominent cities such as Delhi, Patna, Kolkata and Mumbai. Jamshedpur, Dumka, Bokaro, Giridih, Deoghar, Hazaribagh, Daltonganj and Noamundi also have airstrips. Chartered flights are available between the steel city of Jamshedpur and Kolkata.Department of Civil Aviation of the state government plans to acquire land to develop 12 airstrips in Chatra, Simdega, Lohardaga, Godda, Pakur, Latehar, Sahebganj, Jamtara, Saraikela, Garhwa, Koderma and Khunti district.

70. Power: As of March 2010, Jharkhand had a total installed power generation capacity of 1,942.9 MW, which comprised 1,324.1 MW under state utilities, 360.0 MW under the private sector and 258.8 MW under central utilities. Backed by large coal reserves in the state, about 90 per cent of the installed power capacity in the state is coal-based thermal power (1,737.8 MW).Besides, the state has 200.1 MW of installed hydropower capacity and 4.1 MW from renewable sources. In 2009, the Central Government handed over the construction of the 4,000 MW, ultra-mega power project (UMPP) at Tilaiya to the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group after completing the competitive bidding process.

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D. Social and Cultural Resources

71. Demography: According to the 2011 Census, the state has a population of over 32.97 million consisting of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females. The sex ratio is 947 females to 1000 males. Of the total 28 percent is tribal while 12 percent belong to scheduled castes. The population density of the state is 414 persons per sq km; it varies from as low as 148 per sq km in Gumla district to as high as 1167 per sq km in Dhanbad district. Decadal growth rate during 2001-2011 was 22.34. Total area of Jharkhand is 79,716 sq. km. Density of Jharkhand is 414 per sq km which is higher than national average 382 per sq km. Sex ratio in Jharkhand is 948 i.e. for each 1000 male, which is below national average of 940 as per census 2011. Facts and figures about demography of the project district is Summarized below in Table 18.

Table18: Demography of the Project Districts Indicators Dhanbad Jamtara Dumka Deoghar Pakur Sahebganj

Area Sq. Km 2,040 1,811 4,404 2,477 1,811 2,063

Actual Population 2,684,487 791,042 1,321,096 1,492,073 900,422 1,150,567

Male 1,405,956 404,830 669,240 775,022 452,661 589,391

Female 1,278,531 386,212 651,856 717,051 447,761 561,176

Population Growth 11.99% 21.12% 19.39% 28.03% 28.33% 24.01%

Density/km2 1,316 437 300 602 497 558

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 909 954 974 925 989 952

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 916 954 957 950 975 960

Average Literacy 74.52 64.59 62.54 64.85 48.82 52.04

Male Literacy 83.81 76.46 75.17 76.85 57.06 60.34

Female Literacy 64.29 52.15 49.60 51.80 40.52 43.31

Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 13.91% 16.56% 16.12% 17.99% 19.73% 19.29%

Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 13.86% 16.56% 16.26% 17.76% 19.87% 19.21%

Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 13.96% 16.56% 15.97% 18.24% 19.58% 19.38% Source: Census of India, 2011

72. Educational Facility: The literacy rate in the state is about 67%. The state has 25,379 primary schools, 13,418 upper primary schools, 2,425secondary schools, 66 govt. colleges, 46 affiliated colleges, and 6 universities. Started in March 2009, the Central University has started offering courses in mass communication, business administration, mathematics and English. The University Grants Commission (UGC) granted recognition to the Kolhan University (Chaibasa) in 2009-2010. Birla Institute of Technology (Ranchi), National Institute of Technology (Jamshedpur) and Indian School of Mines (Dhanbad) are among well-known engineering colleges of the country. The Xavier Labour Relations Institutes in Jamshedpur is one of the premier business schools in India. The state has five research institutes of repute involved in fields of iron and steel, mining and metallurgy.

73. Health Infrastructure: Jharkhand has 330 primary health centers (PHCs), 3,958 sub-centers, 24 district-level hospitals, 10 sub-division hospitals, and three medical college hospitals. The broad objectives of the state’s Department of Health include enhancing maternal-and child-healthcare, stabilizing population growth and improving nutritional status. s. The Jharkhand Government has drafted a policy for establishment of super-specialty hospitals, medical and nursing colleges, and paramedical institutes. The State Government is constructing a 500 bed hospital at Ranchi and proposes to construct hospitals at district, divisional and sub-divisional headquarters.

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74. Tourism: Jharkhand has a good potential for tourism development. In order to boost tourism, various tourist and religious places such as Neta Rajarappa, Parasnath, Tarapeeth, Deoghar, Basukinath etc. are proposed to be connected by a two lane road. Some of the important tourist attractors in the State are Betla National Park, Daltonganj, Zoological Garden, Ormajhi, Ranchi, Hazaribagh National Park, Hazaribagh, Mahuadaur National Park, Ranchi, and Topchachi National Park, Topchachi, Dhanbad and many more. The state also has waterfalls i.e. Hundru Fall, Johna Fall, Dassam Fall, Panch Garh fall, Hirni Falls and important religious places like Ranchi hill and pahari mandir, Jagannathpur temple, Sun Temple, Amreshwar Dham.

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V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

75. Road improvement projects are likely to bring several changes in the local environment both beneficial and adverse. This section of IEE identifies nature, extent and magnitude of all such likely changes vis-a-vis project activities for all stage of project cycle i.e. pre-construction, construction and operation. Beneficial impacts are mostly long-term and permanent whereas adverse impacts are localized and temporary in nature and are likely to occur mostly during construction stage.

A. Potential Beneficial Impacts

76. The immediate benefits of road construction and improvement will come in the form of direct employment opportunities during construction for the roadside communities and specially those who are engaged as wage labourers, petty contractors and suppliers of raw materials.

77. During operation stage, road-side economic activities supporting transport like gasoline stations, automotive repair shops, lodging, and restaurants will increase due to increased number of vehicles. Increase in agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centers where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Project area is rich in mineral reserves. Project will accelerate the industrial activities and induced development significantly. Other generic benefits of road improvement projects are: (i) reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and frequency of transport (iii) access to quality health care facilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) improve the quality of life of rural tribal population (v) better investment climate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people.

B. Potential Adverse Impacts

78. Major anticipated impacts arising from the project road improvement are: (i) acquisition of 532 ha of private and 68.01ha of forest land, (ii) cutting of 23,534 trees, (iii) disfiguration of topography and change in landuse in proposed 3 bypass sections, (iv) borrowing and quarrying, (iv) impact on water bodies due to bridge construction activities and partial acquisition in some cases, (v) disruption in movement of elephants, and (vi) blasting in few sections. Except for land acquisition, all impacts are reversible, temporary, localised in nature, and can be easily mitigated/minimized/avoided by effective implementation of environment management plan (EMP).

79. No significant impact is anticipated due to inclusion of new Govindpur bypass since it mostly passes through agricultural land. Acquisition of forest land is not involved. No loss of residential/commercial asset is envisaged. However, few seasonal ponds/stagnant water bodies are partially impacted. Adequate mitigations have been proposed to compensate/avoid impact on water bodies either due to partial loss or potential risk of pollution/siltation. RCD has agreed to incorporate suggestions made by local people during consultations like adding new culverts, and side drains.

C. Pre-construction Impacts and its Mitigation Measures

80. Alignment: Alignment was finalised after due consideration to social, environment, and technical viabilities. Widening and improvement mostly followed existing alignment with provision of 2 bypasses in highly congested Jamtara and Dumka Town. Alignment was reviewed during project implementation and necessary modifications were made. A new bypass

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totalling 6.230 km has been included to avoid large scale impact on commercial and residential structures at Govindpur junction, the start point of project road.

81. Land and Assets: Total land requirement is approximately 532 ha affecting 3,525 residential and commercial private structures, 8,651 title and non-title households, and 414 common property resources. However, significant part of the agricultural land likely to be acquired is mono-cropped and/or un-irrigated and depends mainly on monsoon. Adequate compensation and rehabilitation assistance has been extended to affected households. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended by social development/resettlement expert will be implemented. Summary loss of land and assets is given in Table 19.

Table 19: Summary of Resettlement Impact S. No Impacts Construction Packages Total

IV III II I

1 Private land acquisition (ha) 102.4 132.4 144.6 152.8 532.211

2 Private structures affected 684 1,005 999 837 3,525

3 Total Households affected 1,532 2,058 2,472 2,589 8,651

4 Vulnerable households affected 1,085 1,784 1,234 1,756 5,859

6 Total number of CPRs affected 88 123 91 112 414 Source: RCD and Implementing NGOs, 2013

82. Diversion of Forest Land: Diversion of forest land is 68.01 ha. Most of them are protected forest having low vegetation density. No loss of any rare, threatened or endangered species of flora is envisaged. These forests largely not support habitat for any precious wild life. Forest clearance for diversion of forest land from MoEF has been obtained. Compensatory afforestation will be taken up as per clearance conditions.

83. Tree Cutting: Proposed to restrict tree cutting to formation width. To the extent possible, road has been aligned on other side of dense vegetation/mature trees. Tree cutting permission for felling of 11043 trees also has been secured. However, tree cutting will be restricted to toe line of the formation width. Compensatory plantation is likely to be initiated soon by the forest department.

84. Elephant Movement: After indication made by the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) of MoEF during forest clearance process about elephant movement in the region, a study was accomplished by wildlife expert appointed by Chief Wildlife Warden. Study concludes that a total of 14 sites were identified for intervention to facilitate elephants to cross the highway. Out of these 14 locations, 4 key locations were identified from where the possibilities of elephant crossing may be more. These four potential crossing locations are found one each in Dhanbad and Sahebganj and two in Dumka district. In Package terms, they are located one each in all the four packages. Of these four locations, three critical locations have potentials for linking with regular movement path or corridor of elephants at larger landscape and provide some opportunity for them to permanently occupy or use the neighbouring forest patches located on both sides of the road.

85. Since the elephant movement in the project area are quite erratic, as a ‘precautionary principle’ followings measures could be undertaken in view of projected increase in traffic load which could facilitate the elephants to cross the road.

(i) Change in design of existing major bridges (hereunder to be referred as Underpass) to make them wildlife friendly (Table20).

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(ii) Creation of barrier/funnel effect by erecting railway poles as fences or creating pucca elephant proof trench or sharp edged stone pitched embankment to force the elephants to use major bridges as underpass.

(iii) Creation of rumble strip on stretches which are passing through longer forest patches.

(iv) Change the pipe culvert into box culvert if located in places having good forest patches on both side with larger and continuous patch size to save the smaller wild animals from road accidents

Table 20: Current status of Civil Structure with Suggested Modification S. No. Road

Package Chainage

(in km) Existing Structure Suggested Improvement in

existing Structure/Cost in INR

1 Package-I (Map 4)

7.235 Old existing bridge having 4-spans of 6.0m with 5.50m Carriageway width and wall type stone masonry piers.

Replacement of the existing bridge with High Level R.C.C. Bridge having 12m total width of deck slab with crash barrier, Minimum three spans of 20m each with RCC circular piers and 8.0m clearance from bed level. (Cost INR : 5.0 Crore)

2 24.2-25.6 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 2.5m having side slope 1:2 with provision of turfing

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 5.0 Lakhs)

3 26.2-26.5 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 2.5m having side slope 1:2 with provision of turfing

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 2.0 Lakhs)

4 42.5-44.4 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 4.5m having side slope 1:2.

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 10.0 Lakhs)

5 Package-II (Map 5)

28.0-28.4 Existing bridge having 4-spans of 24.65m with 7.50m Carriageway width with footpath and RCC wall/Circular type piers and 5m clear height from bed level (This bridge is falling in non-forest area of project road.)

Existing Bridge is under construction, the height of which is required to be increased from 5.0 m to 7.0m height by retrofitting the constructed foundations and substructures to render it structurally adequate. (Cost INR : 50.0 Lakhs)

6 50-52 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 3.0m having side slope 1:2 with provision of turfing

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 4.0 Lakhs)

7 52.6-54.6 Two lane Road having Check board pattern rumble strip,

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S. No. Road Package

Chainage (in km)

Existing Structure Suggested Improvement in existing Structure/Cost in INR

height of Road level from ground 1 to 4.5m having side slope 1:2.

informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 4.0 Lakhs)

8 Package-III (Map 6)

5.8-6.1 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 4.5m having side slope 1:2.

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 4.5 Lakhs)

9 27.2-27.4 Existing bridge having 3-spans of 16.65m with 7.50m Carriageway width and RCC wall type piers, clear height is 10m.

Found suitable for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : NIL)

10 29.10 Existing Hume Pipe Culvert (Size: 2x1.0) having embankment height is 2.5m and Side slope 1:2.

The Hume pipe culvert to be changed into box culvert to allow wild animals to cross through. (Cost INR : 10.0 Lakhs)

11 30.0-35.0 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 2.5m having side slope 1:2.

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 12.0 Lakhs)

12 72.2-86.7 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 2.5m having side slope 1:2.

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 13.0 Lakhs)

13 Package-4 (Map-7)

39.8 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 2.5m having side slope 1:2.

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 2.0 Lakhs)

14 37.3-43.3 Two lane Road having height of Road level from ground 1 to 3.5m having side slope 1:2.

Check board pattern rumble strip, informatory /cautionary sign boards for speed limits up to 30 Kmph on both sides with gentle side slope 1:4 and turfing for easy movement of Elephant. (Cost INR : 15.0 Lakhs)

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Map 4: Sites identified for intervention along with terrain type, forest area and human-

elephant conflict places in Package-I

Location 4 (Ch. 42.5 – 44.4)

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Map 5: Sites identified for intervention along with terrain type, forest area and human-elephant conflict places in Package-II

Location 5 (Ch. 28.0 -28.4

Location 6 (Ch.50.0 – 52.0)

Location 7 (Ch.52.6 – 54.6)

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Map 6: Sites identified for intervention along with terrain type, forest area and human-

elephant conflict places in Package-III

Location 8 (Ch. 5.8 -6.1)

Location 9 (Ch. 27.2-27.4)

Location 10 (Ch. 29.10)

Location 11 (Ch. 30.0–35.0)

Location 12 (Ch. 72.2–86.7)

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Map 7: Sites identified for intervention along with terrain type, forest area and human-elephant conflict places in Package-IV

Location 14 (Ch. 39.8)

Location 13 (Ch. 37.3-43.3)

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86. Waterways/Water Bodies: To avoid siltation induced water quality deterioration and reduced flow to the downstream user, construction of culverts and bridges will be preferably done during lean flow period. Retaining walls have been proposed for protection of water bodies along the project road. To compensate the loss of some ponds, most of the borrow areas are proposed to be converted into ponds. Further, to augment the groundwater condition in the region, rain water harvesting structures will be installed to comply with the conditions of environmental clearance.

87. Construction Material Sourcing: Most of the borrow areas have been identified at non-agricultural barren land. All borrow areas will be operated as per IRC guidelines (IRC-10:1961). This will augment the water requirement of the local people for domestic purposes. Quarry material will be procured from existing licensed quarries. Opening and operation of new quarry, if needed will follow consent conditions of Pollution Control Board.

88. Air, Noise and Vibration: Crushers, and asphalt mixing sites have been sited away from habitated and forested areas. Earth, fine aggregates, and cement will be transported with covered trucks. Regular sprinkling of water is proposed near construction sites. Time regulation will be imposed near blasting sites and construction near sensitive receptors and residential areas. No crusher will be operated near these locations.

D. Construction Stage Impacts

1. Elephant Movement

89. The construction in the areas of potential elephant’s crossings should be avoided during months of frequent sightings (Table 17). This will reduce any disturbance to elephants due to construction activities.

2. Topography and Geology

90. Most of the project road passing through plain/rolling terrain; there is no substantial cut-and-fill operations required. The surplus soil from cut operations, which is unsuitable for selected sub grade, will be used to reinstate the borrow areas. Topography along the road will change a little on account of cutting, filling, and construction of project related structures The overall impact on the physiography of the area will be limited along the RoW and therefore the impacts are categorized as low. Likely impact on the geological resources will occur from the extraction of materials (borrow of earth, granular sub base and aggregates for base courses and bridges). Boulders will be procured from the authorized suppliers and prevalent rules will be followed for borrowing of soil, sand and aggregates.

Mitigation Measures

(i) Sources/sites of construction material sites have been identified within the immediate vicinity of the road. No new quarry has been proposed for the Project requirements. Only licensed quarries will be used as sources of coarse and fine aggregates.

(ii) The CSC will ensure that the quarries have all appropriate licenses and an approved quarry development plan before taking the materials. It will be ensured the boulders and fine aggregates will be procured from the authorized or licensed suppliers only.

(iii) Cut materials should be used to widen the road or disposed in environmentally acceptable manner.

(iv) Cut slopes should be re-vegetated immediately after widening activities

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(v) Borrow areas, if required should be rehabilitated and brought back as far as possible to their previous appearance. Some borrows will be converted into ponds to compensate loss of water bodies. This will also enhance the local aesthetics

(vi) Cut off material should be used to widen the road or disposed of at proper disposal sites

(vii) Provision and allocation of proper waste disposal bins and sites are required. Supply of cooking gas should be provided by the contractor to eliminate the use of fire wood.

3. Climate and Air Quality

91. The present air quality of the area is good, except at congested areas where air quality is higher than the permissible limits. All the locations where air monitoring has been carried out, it are found that the concentration of particulate matters is high (both suspended as well as respirable). Construction activities and traffic flow may further increase these levels. Smoothening of riding surface and traffic flow will minimize these impacts. However, during construction phase this level will increase and cause public nuisance. To minimize impacts, construction activities like site clearance, earth filling, material loading and unloading though the impacts are expected to be localized, and temporary and confined to the construction areas only.

92. The specific locations affected by the air pollutant during construction are working areas, construction plant sites, quarries, and construction machinery and construction vehicles. Activities which generate air pollutants are: (i) dust generation from the construction zone during different stages of the construction such as clearing and grubbing, materials dumping, drying of materials, brushing of the surface;(ii) dust generation from the access roads to the soil borrow areas, aggregate quarries construction plants and construction camp sites; (iv) operation of the construction plants such as hot mix plants, Crushers, WMM plants and concrete batching plants; and (iv) material storage, transportation and handling (loading/unloading) of different construction materials such as sand, earth from borrow pits and aggregates.

Mitigation Measures

93. Some of the pollution control measures have been incorporated in the design stage of the project itself such as new bypass alignments, relieving of congestion in built-up stretches at critical sections, improving road geometry, widening of road to smooth the traffic flow. The specific measures to control air pollution during construction are: (i) Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials are covered. (ii) Loading and unloading of construction materials in covered area or provisions of water

fogging around these locations. (iii) Storage areas are located downwind of the habitation area. (iv) Water will be sprayed on earthworks periodically (v) Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment. Vehicular pollution check will be

made mandatory. (vi) Hot mix plants are located at least 1.5 km from the nearest habitation, school, hospital,

archaeological site, forest, rivers, streams and lakes, 500 m from ponds, and national highway, 250 m from state highway, unless otherwise required by statutory requirements after securing a No-Objection Certificate (NOC) from the SPCB. Hot mix plant will be fitted with stack of adequate height as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases.

(vii) Bitumen emulsion and bitumen heaters should be used to extent feasible. (viii) Only crushers licensed by PCB will be used. (ix) LPG should be used as fuel source in construction camps instead of wood.

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(x) Regular water sprinkling of unpaved haulage roads9. (xi) Mask and other PPE will be provided to the construction workers (xii) Diesel Generating (DG) sets will be fitted with adequate height as per regulations

(Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 KVA.Low sulphur diesel will be used in DG sets as well as machineries.

(xiii) Contractor should submit a dust suppression and control programme to the RCD prior to construction.

4. Noise and Vibration

94. Noise pollution is not a significant problem in most of the project area except at some congested places where noise monitoring results shows higher values compared with standards of CPCB. At Govindpur, Jamtara, Dumka, Sahebganj junctions it is more than the permissible limits both day and night times. Increase in noise due to construction activities (land clearing, site preparation, material movement, establishment of camps /site offices) are expected. The impacts of noise exposure on the community residing near the work zones will be significant and intensity of the exposure to different receptors will also vary widely. These impacts are temporary nature as the construction site moves along different road stretches. Due to modern construction activities, most of the activities are being carried out by machinery. For these operations the noise levels will increase during the construction period. The machinery involved in the construction operation are; dozer, roller, grader, paver, tractors, brooms/ rotary brushing, tippers, generators, excavators etc. produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source) . Although this level of noise is higher than permissible limit, it will occur intermittently and temporary. This noise level will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. There is a large number of noise sensitive locations (Appendix 3) especially schools close to the alignment. Most of the school are being relocated at safer distance from road. Adequate mitigations have been proposed for the remaining structures near the road.

95. Blasting is required at few locations in Package-I and Package-IV. Although these locations are away from habitation and the following mitigations have been recommended.

Mitigation Measures (i) Blasting will be restricted to daytime only. Blasting should be carried out as per “The

Explosive Act, 1884 and the rules, 1983” pertaining to procurement, transport, storage, handling and use of explosives.

(ii) Blasting schedules will be carried out as per pre-announced scheduled which will be displayed in advance in areas where residents may be affected by the blasting operations.

(iii) Red danger flags will be displayed prominently in all directions during the blasting operations. The flags will be planted 200 m and 500 m from the blasting site in all directions for blasting at.

(iv) People, except those who actually light the fuse, will be prohibited from entering this area, and all persons including workmen will be excluded from the flagged area at least 10 minutes before the firing, a warning siren being sounded for the purpose.

(v) The Contractor will notify each public utility body having services in proximity to the site of the work of his intention to use explosives.

9Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% 98%

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(vi) The Contractor will adequately compensate in a timely manner for any damage to property/services and life caused by their blasting”

(vii) All equipment will be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise. Noise level will be one of the considerations in equipment selection which will favour lower sound power levels. Construction equipment and machinery will be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

(viii) Stationary noise making equipment will be placed along un-inhabited stretches. (ix) Timing of noisy construction activities will be regulated near sensitive receptors.

Maximum construction activities will be undertaken during night time and weekends when there are minimal activities by the sensitive receptor, concurrent noisy operations may be separated to reduce the total noise generated, and if possible re-route traffic during construction to avoid the accumulation of noise beyond standards.

(x) If the above mentioned schemes prove to be inadequate, the provision of temporary noise barrier will be made near identified sensitive locations or near the noise source during construction.

(xi) Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines.

(xii) Noise monitoring will be carried out to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation (xiii) Develop a mechanism to record and respond to complaints on noise

5. Impact on Land and Soil

96. Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use: As part of the proposed improvements, three bypasses at Govindpur, Jamtara and Dumka with a total length of 23.85 km are being constructed. Part of these 3 bypasses and other small realignment sections are passing through productive agricultural lands. In these areas, top soil will not be used in the road embankment formation except in side slopes where turfing is proposed. In addition to these fresh land requirements, there are stretches along the corridors where acquisition of agricultural land are unavoidable due to non-availability of sufficient right of way to accommodate the proposed cross-sections.

97. Some temporary loss of topsoil may also be envisaged during construction stage, if construction plant, offices, workers camps, stockyards, and borrow areas are located on fertile areas and if haul roads and traffic detours during construction are routed through agricultural land.

Mitigation Measures

98. Efforts have been made to minimize the use of the soil from good agricultural soil areas. The soil excavated from the roadside will be used for the construction of embankments and sub-grade construction. The borrow areas, construction camp locations, traffic detours during the construction and other construction sites will avoid agricultural lands to minimize loss of productive soils. To conserve the productive topsoil in affected areas, the following mitigation measures will be adopted: (i) The topsoil will be stripped to a maximum of 1.5m depth and stored in stockpiles. At

least 10% of the temporarily acquired area will be earmarked for storing topsoil. (ii) The stockpile will be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to

horizontal), and the height of the pile will be restricted to 2m. (iii) Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept

to a minimum and stock pile will be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin.

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(iv) It will be ensured that the topsoil will not be trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles.

(v) To prevent any compaction of soil in the adjoining productive lands, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will be restricted to project corridor as far as possible.

(vi) The stored topsoil will be utilized for; covering all disturbed areas including for the redevelopment of borrow areas after filling and dressing of the slopes of road embankment.

99. Soil Erosion/Silt Runoff: Slopes of the project roads are relatively stable as the embankments of the roads are not high compared to the adjacent lands. Soil erosion may take place near cutting areas, at steep and un-compacted embankment slope, bridge locations and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect like siltation, embankment damage, drainage problem etc. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation.

Mitigation Measures

(i) Bank protection measures will be taken at erosion prone areas. (ii) Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls. (iii) Retaining walls and breast walls have been included in the design to check erosion. (iv) Covering the slope surface with grass and bushes, by simple planting of grass roots and

saplings; (v) In conditions where simple planting and seeding is not effective, the slopes are covered

with open mesh of natural fibres such as coir or jute, or of geo-synthetics, followed by planting of grass and bushes. This is often termed slope reinforcement method of vegetation; and,

(vi) Where slopes are of highly erodible materials or other adverse conditions prevail, the vulnerable slope surface is covered with protective surfacing. Stone or brick pitching are most commonly used in India for this purpose.

(vii) Side slopes of the embankment will not be steeper than 2H: 1V. Turfing of embankment slopes will be done along the stretch.

(viii) IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control will be taken into consideration.

100. Borrow Areas and Quarries: Extraction of the soil from borrow area and boulders/ aggregates/ granular sub base from the river beds can result in some direct and indirect impacts on the local and regional environment. Impacts may be positive or negative and vary from case to case. Borrow areas may cause some adverse impacts if left un-rehabilitated. It may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution.

Mitigation Measures

(i) Borrow areas will not be located near habitation and forest areas. The edges of borrow sites will be no closer than 3 metres from any fence line or boundary.

(ii) Adequate clearance will be provided for the construction of catch drains. Borrow sites will have adequate drainage outlets unless the relevant landowner has agreed that the borrow area is to create a permanent tank or dam. Written clearance from the land owner/village head will be obtained before leaving a site

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(iii) Obtain environmental clearance from SEIAA for opening of any new borrow area and renewal of quarries.

(iv) Borrow pits will be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil will be preserved and depth will be restricted to 1.5 m to comply IRC guidelines.

(v) Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed.

(vi) The depths in borrow pits to be regulated as per IRC guidelines. Borrow areas will be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil.

(vii) Transportation of fine aggregates and earth material by covered trucks. (viii) Sprinkling of water near loading/downloading and stockpile locations. (ix) The contractor will evolve site-specific redevelopment plans for each borrow area, which

will be implemented after the approval of the Supervision Consultant. (x) Monitoring of rehabilitation plan of borrow areas by the CSC. (xi) Opening of new quarries only after NOC from Mines Department and PCB. (xii) Monitoring of compliance conditions of NOC, consent to establish and operate.

101. Compaction and Contamination of Soil: Soil of the haulage roads and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries and equipment, and due to sitting of construction camps and workshops. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery.

102. Soil may also get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Sub-soil contamination may also be attributed to: scarified bitumen wastes, operation of the emulsion sprayer and laying of hot mix, storage and stock yards of bitumen and emulsion, excess production of hot mix and rejected materials

Mitigation Measures

(i) Fuel and lubricants will be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area will be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils.

(ii) Unavoidable waste will be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” will be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

(iii) Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will be restricted to the designated haulage route.

(iv) Approach roads will be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil.

(v) The productive land will be reclaimed after construction activity. (vi) Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility will be provided at

construction camp.

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(vii) Landfills of contaminated soils with the bitumen, oil and chemicals will be avoided and as far as possible, these materials will be buried in the construction of slopes or shoulders.

(viii) Domestic solid waste at construction camp will be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. Non-biodegradable waste will be buried in nearby waste land.

6. Loss of Water Bodies/Sources

103. There will be several impacts to water resources due to the activities during the construction stage. The impacts are due to relocation of hand pumps, wells, filling of small parts of water ponds, use of water for the construction and construction facility operations and accident spills during operation stage. According to the survey conducted on site, it is estimated that about 121 ponds, large number of hand pumps, and wells are likely to be affected due to the proposed widening.

Mitigation Measures

(i) All efforts have been taken in while finalising the alignment to minimise the impact on ponds/other water sources.

(ii) Out of 223 borrow areas, most of them are proposed to be converted in ponds. This area will be much larger than loss due to widening.

(iii) All hand pumps and wells are proposed for relocation at suitable locations in consultation with local community.

(iv) These measures will significantly augment the ground water/surface water availability in the area.

7. Siltation and Deterioration in Surface Water Quality

104. Since large numbers of water bodies exist within corridor of impact, the widening and strengthening of project road will impact surface water quality in the area. The monitored level of turbidity in river water is high and construction activities will further increase this level and results in sediment deposit. Sometimes contamination of surface water may take place due to accidental spills of construction materials, oil, grease, fuel, and paint. Degradation of water quality is also possible due to accidental discharges into watercourses from drainage of workers camps and from spillages from vehicle parking and/or fuel and lubricant storage areas.

105. During construction phase, care would be exercised to control silt so that the water available in the ponds and wells especially those located very near to the ROW may not be contaminated.

Mitigation Measure

(i) Construction works near waterways/water bodies will not be undertaken during the monsoon season

(ii) Retaining walls and breast walls have been proposed to prevent erosion (iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the

water bodies; (iv) No construction camp within 500m of any water body (v) Locate all parking, repair and fuel and hazardous material storage area away from any

water body. Vehicle parking and maintenance areas will have waterproof floors from which drainage is collected and treated to legal standards.

(vi) Refuel vehicles only in dedicated areas with waterproof floors from which drainage flows to an oil/water separator before discharge

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(vii) Collect all waste oil, store in sealed damage-proof containers and dispose it to recyclers. (viii) All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate

response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. (ix) temporary retention ponds, interception drains, and silt traps are installed to prevent silt

laden water from entering adjacent water bodies/waterways; (x) The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be modified and

rechannelized to prevent entry of contaminants. 8. Hydrology and Drainage

106. Large number of river/streams/nallahs drains the project area. Although most of them are seasonal in nature water logging/flood situation may arise due to construction of road embankment which may act as impediment to flow of water to its outfall in absence of adequate cross drainage/side drain. Water logging along the road will also have ill effects on the stability of embankment especially in the area of willow water table. As per hydrological study conducted by the Detail Design Team, riverbanks of main rivers are largely firm, stable and well defined. Meandering has not been noticed in recent past. Diversion of water channels during construction of cross drainage structures or otherwise is not envisaged. Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the river bank for land disposal.

Mitigation Measures

(i) Adequate cross drainage structures will be provided to avoid natural flow of water. Additional balancing culverts will be provided in flood prone areas. The embankment height will be designed consistent with the existing topography of the region.

(ii) Effective drainage system will be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area.

(iii) The design of drainage system such as surface and sub-surface drainage will be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads will be discharged through longitudinal drains, designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. If necessary, the walls of the drains will be designed to retain the adjoining earth.

(iv) The design discharge will be evaluated for flood of 50-year return period for calculation of waterway and design of foundations. Proposed water way will not be reduced from existing one. Linear waterways of the most of the major rivers are bank to bank. Therefore, proposed bridge length will be bank to bank.

9. Impact on Groundwater

107. Water for construction purpose will be sourced mainly through river sources. Suitable arrangement for drinking in the campsite will be managed by contractor without affecting availability to local community. The area is not classified as critical semi-critical or overexploited by CGWB. However, drinking water uncontrolled abstraction can deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp.

Mitigation Measures

(i) Requisite permission will be obtained for abstraction of groundwater.

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(ii) The contractor will make arrangements for water required for construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.

(iii) Water harvesting structures are proposed in compliance to the conditions laid in specific conditions of environmental clearance.

10. Impact due to Construction Debris/Waste

108. Debris can be generated by dismantling of pavement, though involved only for few kilometres as realignment is envisaged for major sections. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section.

Mitigation measures (i) The existing bitumen surface can be utilized for paving of cross roads, access roads,

and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc.

(ii) All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage and the like will be the property of the EA and will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping.

(iii) Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed at pre-designated disposal locations to the satisfaction of CSC. The bituminous wastes will be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner.

(iv) Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. Following consideration will be made during selection of dumping sites.

(v) 1.5 km from habitation and forest areasand 500 m from ponds. (vi) Dumping sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc, and (vii) Public perception and consent from the village council has to be obtained before

finalizing the location. (viii) Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by

good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use.

11. Ecological Resources

109. Terrestrial: There are no national parks, wildlife sanctuaries or any other similar eco-sensitive areas in the project area. Wild Asian elephants are known to move across several sections of the project road. Project road, passes through forest for a length of 32.645 kms. 11,073 trees are likely to be affected. The cutting of trees will impact the local environment but will be compensated through panting of large number of trees along the road that will improve the local climatic conditions in long term. No loss of any rare/threatened endangered species is envisaged. Risk of forest fire cannot be ruled out due to uncontrolled burning of grasses/shrubs for clearance of ROW, fuel accumulation due to accidental spillage or improper storage of explosives.

Mitigation Measures

(i) Requisite permission from Forest Department has already been secured for cutting of roadside trees. Compensatory plantation as per prevailing guidelines of State’s Forest Department on 1:2 basis. Besides, additional plantation will be done on areas exposed

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after site clearance. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department.

(ii) For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway will conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21-2009. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements will also conform to the above standard. Use of pesticides will be restricted.

(iii) Immediate removal of fuel accumulations near forest areas; (iv) Clearance of vegetation will not be done by burning along forested/thickly vegetated

areas. (v) Planting and management of fire-resistant species adjacent to and within ROW. (vi) Provision of fire lines to avoid further spread over of fire.

110. Aquatic Ecology: Temporary sedimentation and water quality deterioration is expected from the project during the construction stage. Improvement of existing embankments particularly along the waterways may increase silt while accidental spill of materials, chemicals, and fuels will deteriorate receiving water quality. Siltation will be avoided by measures suggested above in impact on surface water resource section.

12. Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers

111. Poor sitting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment like: (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking, (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality, (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste, and (iv) poor sanitation may result to transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. This include the possible spread of sexually transmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug.

Mitigation measures (i) No productive land should be utilised for construction camp. All sites must be graded,

ditched and rendered free from depressions to avoid water stagnation. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers will be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies.

(ii) All construction camps will be provided sanitary toilet with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains will be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches will be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed in a hygienic manner. LPG cylinders will be provided as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting.

(iii) At every workplace, the Contractor will ensure that a readily available first-aid unit. Workplaces away from regular hospitals will have indoor health units. Suitable transport will be provided to approach the nearest hospital. At every workplace an ambulance containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff will be provided.

(iv) The Contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk.

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(v) The Contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers. The Contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community.

(vi) Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. Regular health check-up and immunization camps will also be organized for the workers and nearby population.

13. Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community

112. The following safety aspects will be observed: (i) safety of construction workers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists, (iii) safety to cattle, (iv) safety of local community, (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage, and (v) conduct of safety audit. Impact and mitigations due to blasting operation as already been detailed in Noise and Vibration section.

Mitigation measures

(i) During the construction phase, contractors will be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during: (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and hazardous materials and inflammable substances, (iii) welding, and (iv) electrical works etc.

(ii) Contractor will arrange all PPEs for workers, first aid and firefighting equipment at construction sites. An emergency plan will be prepared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard.

(iii) To avoid disruption of the existing traffic due to construction activities, comprehensive traffic management plan will be drawn up by the concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones will be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55.

(iv) After construction is completed in a particular zone, it will be opened for normal operation. All diversions/access roads should be closed before start of normal operation.

(v) Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry type’s overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, empty bitumen drums, barricades, and flagmen will be used to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures adopted during construction. The audit will cover manpower and their safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, materials storage and handling, construction procedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services.

14. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic

113. Disruption of access to infrastructure or social resource due to construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost to the public in terms of longer travel period due to diversion or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated.

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Mitigation measures (i) The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two weeks

before the construction starts that will result to obstruction. This Plan will recommend for approval, the safe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others.

(ii) For widening of existing carriageway and part of it will be used for passage of traffic, paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements:

(iii) At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times (iv) The surface used by the through traffic will be firm bituminous compacted surface free of

defect (v) The maximum continuous length over which construction under traffic may take place is

limited to 750 meters. (vi) Construction activity will be restricted to only one side of the existing road. (vii) On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing

carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. These paved diversions will comply with standards on junctions and temporary cross drainage.

114. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles will be done through existing major roads to the extent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised vehicle can also be used for its further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas.

15. Transports and Storage of Materials

115. The construction material primarily will consist of aggregate, sand, cement, bitumen, and lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipment. These will be primarily stored temporarily at construction camps. The oils, fuels and chemicals will be stored on concreted platform with spills collection pits. The cement will be stored under cover. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 150 M away from the habitat. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different sections above.

E. Operation Stage Impacts and Mitigation Measures

116. Road aesthetics will be improved after tree plantation, landscaping of embankment slopes, improving the road cross sections providing more bus bays, side drains installation of safety signages, crash barriers, and road markings. The aesthetics will further be improved due to the enhancements/creation of new ponds as a rehabilitation measures for borrow areas. However, due to lack of proper maintenance may deteriorate the road condition over the years resulting into numerous problems such as rise in accidents, disruption of transportation services, tree survival, and functioning of side drains. RCD will allocate adequate resources and logistics to ensure that the road is being maintained and intended benefits are generated thereof.

117. Soil Erosion and its Cumulative Impacts: The consequences of soil erosions are far wider than repair and maintenance of the road. Along the project road, the inflow of water into ponds during rains causes erosion of the embankment besides seepage of water into embankment and sub-grade resulting in softening of the sub grade. This may also increase siltation in water bodies. Project design includes provisions of retaining walls/retaining walls for the protection. Regular checks will be made to ensure its effectiveness.

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118. Human-Wild Asian Elephant. The projected increase in vehicular traffic will also increase the risk of collision with elephants. Several mitigation measures prescribed by the MoEF in conjunction to the issuance of the forest clearance will reduce if not totally avoid collisions. Further, the RCD will support jurisdictional forest departments to monitor the affectivity and adequacy of these mitigation measures.

119. Air Pollution: Likely rise in traffic after road improvement may cause air and noise pollution in the vicinity of the project. Vehicular emission will be the principal source of pollution during operation stage. The project road is located predominantly in open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion dynamics of gaseous pollutants. Vegetation acts as sink to air pollutants. Pollution resistant species such as Bargad (Ficus bengalhensis), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mango (Mangifera indica), Shesham (Dalbergia sissoo), and Ashok (Sarca indica), will be planted along the road side. Further, the improved road condition will facilitate free flow of traffic thereby reducing the emission level significantly.

120. Noise Pollution: Noise level is likely to increase due to increased traffic. The road side plantation coupled with traffic management and good riding conditions will be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions will be enforced near sensitive locations. The effectiveness of noise mitigation should be monitored and if need be, solid noise barrier will be placed.

121. Water Pollution: Accidental oil spillage, washing of vehicles, used engine oils can contaminate the nearby water bodies. Expansion joints and drainage spouts are choked due to silt and vegetation growth. In order to prevent water pollution; communities should not allow drivers washing their vehicles near the streams and ponds. Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt will be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions will be regularly conducted.

122. Ribbon Development/Encroachment of ROW: Increase in economic activities results in ribbon development along highways. This may cause congestion to road users and increase in accident. RCD will explore options like avenue plantation and/or fencing and initiating regulatory provisions to stop encroachment of ROW.

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VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

123. Meaningful consultations were carried out during detailed design, IEE preparation and design and continued during project implementation. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination, and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan.

124. Consultations with local community have been done during IEE updating along the modified alignment (Govindpur by-pass) to receive comments/views on its benefits and losses. This updated IEE also incorporates extensive consultations carried by wild life expert during assessment of elephant movement along the project corridor.

A. Objectives of the Public Consultations

125. Public consultations were held early and throughout the project development stage to allow the incorporation of relevant views of the stakeholders in the final project design, mitigation measures, implementation issues, and enhance the distribution of benefits. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design and implementation. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project design stage. Consultations provide affected public a platform to ensure incorporation of their concerns in the decision making process and foster co-operation among officers of RCD, the community and the stakeholders to achieve a cordial working relationship for smooth implementation of the project. It inculcates the sense of belongingness in the public about the project.

126. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinions was sought particularly in identifying and mitigating any potential adverse impact.

B. Methodology

127. Consultation with the stakeholders, beneficiaries, and community leaders were carried out using standard structured questionnaires as well as unstructured questionnaires. Questionnaire survey/ discussions were designed to obtain background information and details of general environmental issues that concern people in the project area. In addition, environmental issues were discussed with relevant organizations, government officials, beneficiaries, community leaders and experts. In addition, personal discussions with officials, on site discussion with affected stakeholders, and reconnaissance visits have also been made to the project area.

C. Project Stakeholders

128. All types of stakeholders were identified to ensure as wide coverage as possible.

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Residents, shopkeepers and businesspeople who live and work along the road specially the project affected persons

All type of road users/commuters

Executing Agency, Construction Supervision Consultant and Implementing NGOs

Other government institutions whose remit includes areas or issues affected by the project (state environment and forest department, Pollution Control Board (PCB), Irrigation Department, Public Health Engineering (PHED) Department

Wild Life Experts/Researchers

The beneficiary community in general

D. Consultation with Government Departments

129. Various officials consulted during IEE preparation in 2007 include RCD, PWD Officials, Forest Officers, Environmental Officers from pollution control board, statistical officer etc. during. After design modifications and identification of elephant population during later stage of project implementation, wildlife and forest officials were consulted by the wildlife experts in May 2013in order to understand various issues related with elephants (like herd size and composition, movement pattern etc.) and proposed highway (like alignment, proposed structures etc.).RCD officials at HQ and field levels were consulted for technical details related to modified alignment during September 2013.The list of officials contacted during IEE updation and elephant movement assessment along is presented in Table 21.

Table 21: Summary of Consultation Held with Government Departments. Person Designation Issues Discussed

Ms. Rajbala Verma Principal Secretary, Road Construction Department

Need and importance of the IEE updation

Dr. A. K. Malhotra PCCF, Jharkhand State Study methodology for undertaking the present study in light of MoEF directions.

Mr. O.P. Bimal Director PIC, ADB Road Project

Collected technical data of project. Design modification in for already constructed structures. Mr.Narmadeshwar Sahay Deputy Director, PIC, ADB

Road Project Mr. Kameshwar Singh

Assistant Director, PIC, ADB Project RCD

Obtain recent technical data, status of forest clearance tree cutting and other hindrance affecting physical progress. Status of all clearance/permits. Updated list of affected common property resources etc.

Mr. Prabhat Kumar Assistant Director, PIU, Package I and II

Mr. Surendra Kumar Assistant Director, PIU, Package III

Mr. Sanjay Kumar Assistant Director, PIU, Package IV

Mr. S. K. Sharma RCCF, Dumka Elephant population, their spatial and temporal distribution, incidence of human-elephant conflict, movement pattern, chasing techniques etc.

Mr. S. C. Rai DFO, Dhanbad Mr. R. K. Rai DFO, Jamtara Mr. S. K. Suman DFO, Dumka Mr. R. P. Singh DFO, Pakur Mr. Soren DFO, Sahibganj

Dr. Sushant Choudhury Elephant Ecologist, WII, Dehradun

Similar case studies on elephant movement, widely used structures by elephants for crossing road/railway in different landscape. Long term conservation issues and specific mitigation measures for the project

Dr. Ajay Desai Elephant Ecologist, IUCN-Elephant Specialist Group

Mr. Aditya Singh Independent Researcher, Elephant & Road, Noida

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E. Consultations with Local People/Beneficiaries

130. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the project, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to all aspects of the environment which may have direct or indirect impact on local people. Table 22 summarises the details of consultation with local people. Key Issues discussed are:

Awareness and extent of the project and development components;

Benefits of the project for the economic and social upliftment of community;

Labour availability in the project area or requirement of outside labour involvement;

Local disturbances due to project construction work;

Necessity of tree felling etc. at project sites;

Impact on water bodies, water logging and drainage problem if any;

Environment and health

Flora and fauna of the project area

Socio-economic standing of the local people and

Table 22: Details of consultation with Local People Date Venue / Place Participants Remarks

Package I

24.09.2013 Pathuria, Kusmatand, Kumardih and Kharni villages along modified alignment (Govindpur bypass).

Total-37 Participants Consultations focused on likely impacts due to proposed bypass at Govindpur

18-12-2007 and 19-12-2007

Village – Borio Village – Pokharia Village – Narayanpur Village – Jamtara

Total – 25 participants Local villagers, affected persons, shop owners, farmers, community leaders,

Views of about 4-5 persons per village were recorded.

Package II

19-12-2007 and 20-12-2007

Village – Tehari Para Villages – Bagdaha more Village – Fatehpur Village – Vijaypur

Total – 20 participants Local villagers, affected persons, shop owners, farmers, community leaders,

Views of about 4–5 persons per village were recorded.

Package III

19-12-2007 and 22-12-2007

Village – Hawrahdih Villages – Shivpahad Chawk Village – Littipada Village – Amrapada Village – Gopikandar

Total – 20 participants Local villagers, affected persons, shop owners, farmers, community leaders,

Views of about 4–5 persons per village were recorded.

Package IV

23-12-2007 and 24-12-2007

Village – Barhet Villages – Phulbhanga Village – Hathmara Village – Sahebganj

Total – 15 participants Local villagers, affected persons, shop owners, farmers, community leaders,

Views of about 3–4 persons per village were recorded.

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F. Results of Consultations with Local People Held

131. During IEE Preparation, 2007: Most of the people interviewed strongly support the project. The people living in the entire project area expect that the proposed project will facilitate better transport, employment, tourism, economic development in the region. Construction camps may, however, put stress on local resources and the infrastructure in nearby communities. In addition, local people raised construction-process related grievances with the workers. This sometimes leads to aggression between residents and migrant workers. To prevent such problems, the contractor should provide the construction camps with facilities such as proper housing, health care clinics, proper drinking water and timely payment. The use of local labourers during the construction will, of course, increase benefits to local peoples and minimise these problems. Wherever possible, such people should be employed. It is envisaged from the interview survey that there is increased environmental awareness among the people. Majority of the persons were in the opinion that environmental conditions of the area are good. However, some of them feel that the water quality is being deteriorated. .

132. During IEE updation after Design Modification, 2013: Consultation was held at Pathuria, Kusmatand and Kumardih and Kharni villages along modified alignment (Govindpur bypass). Local community welcomed the decision of bypass designed through their villages and perceived several benefits like faster connectivity to district headquarter of Dhanbad and NH-2, increased economic activities and appreciation in value of land etc. But at the same time they apprehended that the risk of accident will increase due to faster traffic movement. They also think that proposed high embankment road will diminish the community interaction among people living on either side of the alignment. Main demand and suggestions made by the participants are; (i) provision of side drains (iii) provision of adequate culverts (iii) provision of vehicular/cattle underpasses and (iv) road safety measures and improvement in gradient of approach roads joining the main highway. Design considerations have been made to incorporate all suggestions of the local people.

133. During Wildlife Assessment: Local people were consulted all along the corridor to obtain information about wildlife movement with focus near forest areas. Key informant’s interview was held at 14 such locations where elephant movement was anticipated based on the wildlife expert’s experience and review of existing literature. Most of the respondents suggested the herd size of the elephants found in the project area is ranged between 17 and 22; although a couple of respondents also indicated the presence of male loner in the project area. Importantly, most of the respondents reported presence of good numbers of young ones in the herd. Villagers also corroborated with the observations of experts that these elephants are recent migrants to this area, as most of the respondents indicated that they saw the elephants first time in this area, sometime in last decade or so. People reported that elephant crossing the roads generally use the riverine courses. But, none had corroborated about their using of under-passage of existing culverts or low rise bridges. Also, the frequency of elephant movement in the project area was higher during the months of September to December- the paddy cropping season

G. Disclosure

134. This updated IEE report will be made available in the office of RCD. The same will be posted on its website. The reports will also be available to interested parties on request from office of RCD. Based on ADB requirements, documents to be posted on its website are this

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updated IEE reflecting significant changes in the project during design, revised EMP, and periodic environmental monitoring reports.

Photo Illustration of Consultations held during Different Stages of Project

Consultations with Affected Persons during Detailed design

Consultations Held during Design Review and Assessment for Elephant Movement along Project Corridor

Consultations after Design Modification along Govindpur Bypass held during IEE updation

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VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environment Management Plan

135. Environmental Management plan set out clearly and unambiguously the likely negative impacts of construction and/or operation of the project, the action that is required to avoid or mitigate each impact and the responsibility for taking each action. Responsibility is made legally binding when actions are subsequently specified in contracts.

136. An updated Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been formulated incorporating mitigations measures necessitated due to unanticipated impacts emerged during project implementation - identification of elephant population along the project road and a new bypass in Package-I at Govindpur.

137. The updated EMP includes all recommendation contained in the wildlife assessment of the MoEF, except for the replacement of the existing bridge at chainage 7.235 of Package I requiring INR 5.0 crore which will be implemented subject to availability of funds to the RCD. Within this project, all rumble strips, cautionary signs, 1:4 embankment slope, hume pipe to box culvert conversion, and turfing will be implemented.

138. The EMP (Appendix 4) also ensures that the positive impacts are conserved and enhanced. It addition, it provides measures for institutional strengthening and effectiveness assessment through defined monitoring plan, reporting and corrective & preventive action planning. More specifically the objectives of the EMP are:

(i) To ensure compliance with Asian Development Bank’s applicable safeguard policies, and regulatory requirements of Jharkhand and the Government of India;

(ii) To formulate avoidance, mitigation and compensation measures for anticipated adverse environmental impacts during construction and maintenance and ensure that environmentally sound, sustainable and good practices are adopted;

(iii) To stipulate monitoring and institutional requirements for ensuring safeguard compliance; and

(iv) The project road should be environmentally sustainable.

B. Environment Monitoring Program

139. Monitoring and evaluation are critical activities in implementation of the Project. Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to plan nd provides necessary feedback for project management to ensure project objectives are met and on schedule. The reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the environmental mitigation measures are implemented. The broad objectives are:

(i) To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP. (ii) To evaluate the adequacy of environmental assessment. (iii) To suggest on-going improvements in management plan based on the

monitoring and to devise fresh monitoring on the basis of the improved EMP. (iv) To enhance environmental quality through proper implementation of suggested

mitigation measures. (v) To meet the requirements of the existing environmental regulatory framework

and community obligations.

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140. Updated Environmental Monitoring Plan includes monitoring for effectiveness of mitigation measures taken to facilitate elephant crossings.

1. Performance Indicators

141. The significant physical, biological and social components affecting the environment at critical locations serve as wider/overall performance indicators. However, the following specific environmental parameters can be quantitatively measured and compared over a period of time and are, therefore, selected as specific Performance Indicators (PIs) for monitoring because of their regulatory importance and the availability of standardized procedures and relevant expertise. A comprehensive monitoring plan for all performance indicators has been prepared for all stages appended as Appendix 5. This includes parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits, cost and responsibility for implementation and supervision. Performance indicators requiring quantitative measurements are:

(i) Air Quality with respect to PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx and SO2 at selected location. (ii) Water Quality with reference to DO, BOD, Oil and grease, COD, Suspended

Solids and Turbidity, Alkalinity rivers/streams and water bodies at selected points.

(iii) Noise levels at sensitive receptors (schools, hospitals, community/religious places).

(iv) Survival rates of trees planted as compensatory plantation to compensate for lost forestlands and compensatory plantation raised for removal of roadside trees.

142. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring: Ambient air quality parameters recommended for monitoring road development projects are PM2.5, PM10, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). These are to be monitored, right from the commencement of construction activity at selected locations of plants and machinery, crushers on sites, excavation works etc. Data should be generated once in a season excluding monsoon in accordance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as per CPCB recent notification of 2009 (Appendix 6).

143. Water Quality Monitoring: The physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of water quality relevant to road development projects are pH, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD. The location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are given in the Environmental Monitoring Plan. The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out at locations identified along the project road during construction and operation phase. The Indian Standard Specifications – IS10500: 1991 is given in Appendix 7. Surface water quality will be monitored as per fresh water classification of CPCB (Appendix 8).

144. Noise Level Monitoring: The measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at sensitive receptors and construction sites along the project roads. The Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1989 or the standards by State Pollution Control Board if such standards are stringent than those of the CPCB are to be complied. The CPCB standards are given in Appendix 9. Sound pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-four hour basis. Noise should be recorded at “A” weighted frequency using a “slow time response mode” of the measuring instrument.

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145. Success of Re-vegetation: Compensatory plantation will be taken up in lieu of tree cutting@1:2 basis. These compensatory plantations will have to be monitored by the implementing agency with the help of the Forest Department. Such monitoring will be conducted through random samples. Such sampling should cover at least 5% of the area planted up. 75% survival rate will be ensured.

C. Institutional Arrangement

1. Responsible Authorities/Agencies for Implementation

146. The RCD as the Executing Agency (EA) is responsible for implementing the overall EMP. Implementation of EMP involve the following parties: (i) Project Implementation Cell (PIC) established within RCD at HQ level for the project, (ii) Project Implementation Unit (PIU) at field level headed by executive engineer and supported by Assistant Director in each construction packages, (iii) contractors, (iv) contractor supervision consultants (CSCs), and (v) the Project Director of the PIC. The contractors are responsible to implement all mitigation measures during the construction period to mitigate all environmental impacts associated with the construction activities. The CSCs is responsible to give day to day supervision to the contractor for implementing the EMP and reporting the implementation of EMP of each package to PIC on monthly basis through PIU. The PIC that is assisted by environmental officer reviews the CSCs’ reports on implementation of EMP and coordinate with other relevant Government agencies or local authorities to take necessary actions if any environmental impacts could not be mitigated as it was planned in the EMP or if any additional mitigation measures are required. The PIC reports the implementation of all EMP of each package to the Director (ADB cell) of RCD. The duties and responsibilities of each agency are described in following paragraphs.

2. Duties and Responsibilities of Authorities/Agencies

147. Project Implementation Cell (PIC): The Director (ADB Cell) is the overall responsible person for environmental management. PIC will undertake following tasks through its designated environment officer:

(i) Review environmental reports of consultants (ii) Ensure that the project design and specification adequately reflect the

Environmental Management Plan (iii) Co-ordinate and obtain the requisite clearances (Environmental / Forests) for the

project (iv) Review and approve the Contractor’s Implementation Plan with Supervision

Consultant for the environmental measures, as per the EMP (v) Liaise with the various Central and State Government agencies on environmental

and other regulatory matters as well as follow up reporting on implementing EMP (vi) Assist the supervision consultant in establishing dialogue with the affected

communities and ensure that the environmental concerns and suggestions are incorporated and implemented in the project

(vii) Review the environmental performance of the project through an assessment of the periodic environmental monitoring reports submitted by the Supervision Consultants

(viii) Provide support and assistance to the Government Agencies and the ADB to supervise the implementation of the EMP during the construction as well as operation stage of the project

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(ix) Report to the Director (ADB Cell) on the environmental aspects pertaining to the project

(x) Prepare periodic (monthly, quarterly and annual) reports for dissemination with-in-the RCD and for the Asian Development Bank etc.

(xi) Participate in periodic training of RCD’s staff on environmental issues (xii) Any other relevant work as and when required (xiii) To follow ADBs environmental safeguard policies/framework and Govt. of India

notification/rules/regulation and various Acts enacted for the control and prevention of adverse impacts on environment for smooth functioning of the project cycle.

148. Responsibilities of PIU: For individual civil packages’ implementation, four Project Implementation Unit/s (PIUs) have been established. Each PIU is headed by an Executive Engineer supported by Assistant Director. Key responsibilities includes: (i) participating in State and District level meetings to facilitate LA and R&R activities (ii) periodic appraisal of progress and reporting to the HQ on monthly basis, (iii) facilitating the contractor to obtain necessary permissions/ approvals and its submission to head quarter and further to ADB (iv) Directly interact with project affected persons and record their views and grievances and transmit the same to HQ (vi) settle grievances if any at field level.

149. Supervision Consultant: The CSC has an environmental specialist in the project team. The prime duties of this Environmental Specialist is to monitor the implementation of the EMP by the Contractors and to ensure that the day-to-day construction activities are carried out in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner. The principal duties are:

(i) Supervise the implementation of the EMP by the Contractor (ii) Hold regular consultation meetings with RCD and Contractor (iii) Organize periodic environmental training programs and workshops for the staff of

the Contractors, Construction Supervision Consultants and the RCD (iv) Develop guidelines of good practices to assist the contractors in implementing

the EMP (v) Monitor the periodic environmental monitoring (air, noise, water, etc.) programs

to ensure compliance with the statutory requirements. (vi) Prepare and submit regular environmental monitoring and implementation

progress reports

150. Contractor: The Contractor is responsible for the physical implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in the Environmental Management Plans (EMP) associated with the construction activities. Contractors engage approved monitoring agencies for pollution monitoring and its analysis. The contractors have one dedicated staff as a focal point who interacts with CSC environment counterpart and submit the monthly report for its onward submission to executing agency.

2. Organisational Structure of PIC

151. At project level, RCD has established a separate Project Implementation Cell (PIC) within department for successful implementation of the project. All the project activities including civil works, goods, services, studies, procurement and training are administered through the Cell. Figure 8 shows the organization structure of the PIC.

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152. The Cell is headed by Director (ADB Cell). He is overall responsible for timely implementation of the project. He is assisted by LAO cum Grievance Redressal and Information Officer; Advisor Finance (ADB); Executive Engineer (ADB Cell); Joint Director (ADB Cell) cum Dy. Secretary (Management Cell), RCD; and Dy. Director cum Coordinating Officer (ADB Cell). Besides this, there are Assistant Director (ADB Cell) and support staff for smooth functioning of the Cell.

153. The LAO cum Grievance Redressal officer is being supported by the environmental officer, who is the focal point within PIC to coordinate environmental concerns of the project, including the implementation of EMP, and undertaking environmental monitoring as well as preparing environmental monitoring report through contractors and supervised by CSC.

154. At the division level a Task Force has been formed under the Chairmanship of Deputy Commissioners to look after the cases related to forest clearance and land acquisitions. Divisional forest officers and executive engineer are the members of this task force. At HQ, monitoring is being done by a senior Deputy Collector rank officer (undersecretary to Government of Jharkhand) who is designated as LAO-cum-Grievance redressal and Information Officer within the ADB Cell

61

Fig 8: Proposed Institutional Arrangement for Environment Management

D. Grievance Redressal Mechanism

155. The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Social and Environmental Cell BSRDCL Head Quarter. The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome will also form part of quarterly report to ADB. The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up

Asst. Director, Civil Works Package I, II, III and IV

SECRETARY

RCD, Govt. of Jharkhand

Engineer-in-Chief, RCD

LAO-cum-GREVANCE REDRESSAL

and INFORMATION OFFICER (Sr.

Dy. Collector rank officer with powers

of Director Land Reform for the project)

Director (ADB Cell)

cum

Special Officer Communication (S.O.C.)

Joint Director (ADB Cell)-cum-

Dy. Secretary (Management

Cell), RCD

Internal Auditor

Executive Engineer (Drawing and Disbursement)

Senior Finance and Account.

Officer.

Cashier Support Staff

Asian Development Bank

Supervision Consultants

Dy. Director-cum-

Coordinating Officer

(ADB Cell)

Asian Development Bank

Asst. Director (Procurement)

Asst. Director (Environment)

62

related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Social and Environmental Cell BSRDCL Head Quarter. The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome will also form part of quarterly report to ADB

E. Environment Management Budget

156. An environmental management budget was prepared for each construction package during IEE conducted in 2008. EMP and EMoP were included in Bill of Quantities (BOQ). There is no new item included in this updated IEE except swapping of some parameters of air quality in view of recent amendments made under Environmental Protection Act. Hence separate budget is not included with this updated IEE. RCD has to borne all cost towards forest clearance, compensatory afforestation and compliance to forest clearance and environmental clearance conditions which are not included in BOQ like installation of water harvesting structures and mitigation measures recommended for facilitating elephant movement. RCD has asked the cost estimates for these items which are under preparation by the contractors.

63

VIII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

157. This updated Initial environmental examination ascertains that proposed change in project profile with inclusion of a new bypass of 6.230 km at Govindpur is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts and hence sustain the earlier classification of Category B. The IEE also addresses the issue of elephant population and its movement in the project area as indicated by the Forest Advisory Group during forest clearance process. Findings left with conclusions that the movement of the elephant in the project area is erratic. There is no defined path of the elephants along/across the project road. Measures suggested by the wild life expert team and also recommended by MoEF will facilitate the safe passage of elephant’s at all potential crossing locations.

158. Significant impacts arising from the road improvement project are (i) acquisition of 532 ha of private and 68.01ha of forest land for which forest clearance has already been granted (ii) cutting of 11043 trees (iii) disfiguration of topography and change in landuse in proposed 3 bypass sections (iv) borrowing and quarrying (iv) impact on water bodies due to bridge construction activities and partial acquisition in some cases (v) disruption in movement of elephants and (vi) blasting in few sections. No significant impact is anticipated due to inclusion of Govindpur bypass. Nature of impact is mostly similar as identified in earlier IEE. It passes mainly through open agricultural land. No forest land is involved. Except land acquisition, all other impacts are reversible, temporary, localised in nature and can be easily mitigated/minimised/avoided by effective implementation of Environment Management Plan.

159. .In general, the project received immense support from local people. The local people appreciated that improved connectivity will bear out several socio-economic positive benefits resulting to improved quality of life. The updated initial environmental examination of the project ascertains that the project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

64 Appendix 1

RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is

to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and

Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief

Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous

Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d)

gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. project siting is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

Cultural heritage site x

No cultural heritage site is located within the road ROW or vicinity

Protected area

x

There are 12 designated protected areas in the state. None of them is in the vicinity or within 10 km radius. However, project road passes through forest patches for 32.645 kms.

Wetland x No designated wetland in the project area.

Mangrove x No mangrove area is located in the project site

Estuarine x Not applicable

Buffer zone of protected area x No

Special area for protecting Biodiversity

x No special biodiversity area is located within the project area.

B. potential environmental impacts will the project cause…

Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?

x

Topography of project road is predominantly plain/rolling except little section in Package IV which is hilly. Minor cut and fill in this section is involved. No encroachment of historical places. However, some temples / shrines / exist along the project road may get impacted.

JSRP (Govindpur-Jamtara-Dumka-Barhet-Sahebganj)

Roads and Highways

ROADS AND

HIGHWAYS

Appendix 1 65

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Quarry material will be procured from existing licensed quarries. Opening and operation of new quarry, if needed will follow consent conditions of State Pollution Control Board.

Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

x

No National Parks, wildlife sanctuaries or similar eco-sensitive areas along the project road However, The proposed road is passing through forest areas for a total length of 32.645 km. Out of which 6.555 km is under package-I, 5.27 km in package-II, 13.62 Km in package III and 7.20 Km in package-IV. Elephant movement along the project road is anticipated in following sections: Km. 7.235, Km.24.2-25.6, Km.26.2-26.5 , Km. 42.5-44.4, Km. 28.0-28.4, Km. 50-52, Km. 52.6-54.6, Km. 5.8-6.1, Km. 27.2-27.4, Km. 29.10, Km. 30.0-35.0, Km. 72.2-86.7, Km. 39.8, Km. 37.3-43 Their movement pattern in the project area is erratic. There is no defined path along/across the project road. Measures suggested by the wild life expert team will facilitate the safe passage of elephant’s at all potential crossing locations.

Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?

x

Project road intersects following perennial rivers in different civil packages:

Pkg-I: Khudia River at Km 1.400 Barakar river at km 30.1 Ajay River on Jamtara bypass

Pkg-II: Ajay River at Km 5.7 Seena River at Km 26.4 Brahmani River at Km 60.3 Mayurakshi River at Km 69.2

Pkg-III: Gumaru River at km 27.6 Bansloi River at km 51.1

Pkg-IV: Gumani River at km 1.5 Morah River at km 22.25

Besides, there are also large no of seasonal rivers and streams. 2-lane bridges are already construction on some major rivers. Bridge construction on perennial rivers will be done during lean flow period. In some cases these minor channels may be diverted for a very short period and will be bring back to its original course immediately after construction.

Partial loss of some seasonal ponds is also envisaged. Large numbers of borrow areas are proposed to be converted into ponds. Adequate measures like retaining walls/breast walls have been proposed to avoid/reduce siltation in the water bodies/ponds close to the alignment.

66 Appendix 1

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

x

Adequate sanitary facilities and drainage in the workers camps will help to avoid this possibility. as the construction activity in this project will not contain any harmful ingredients, no impact on surface water quality is anticipated.

Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing?

x

Air pollution level is likely to be increased for short duration during construction period. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc. use of environment friendly equipments/machineries will help to reduce air pollution.

Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation?

x

Workers may get exposed to dust and noise during construction activities. However the exposure levels are likely to be short and insignificant. Workers will be provided requisite PPEs to minimise such exposure and associated harmful occupational health effects.

Traffic on roads is expected to be low and as such, no occupational health hazard is anticipated during operation phase.

Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

x

Blasting may be required at few places. However, there no habitation near potential blasting sites. Blasting will be done as per Indian Explosive Act in controlled manner considering potential impact on community.

Ambient noise level is expected to increase in the range of 80-90 db (a) due to various construction activities, maintenance workshops, and earthmoving equipment. Although this level of noise exceeds national standards, their occurrence will be intermittent and co-terminus with the project construction.

All stationary noise making equipment will be installed with acoustic enclosures. Timings of noise construction activities will be regulated near sensitive receptors.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

x Pls, refer RP

Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people living in right-of-way?

x

Pls, refer RP

Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, indigenous peoples or other vulnerable groups?

x

To be minimal

Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory

x

Deterioration in ambient air quality will be localised and temporarily during construction activity. The project area is largely located in open areas. Extensive plantation along the

Appendix 1 67

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

problems and stress? highway and improved road conditions will improve the air quality of the area.

Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

x

Suitable traffic management plan will be designed and implement by the contractor to prevent any hazardous driving condition in above situations.

Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations?

x

Proper provisions for sanitation, health care and solid waste disposal facilities will be available in the contract documents to avoid such possibility. workers will be made aware about communicable diseases

Creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents?

x

No such condition is anticipated. Most of borrow areas are likely to be converted into ponds. Fish culture will be promoted in these ponds which will naturally restrict mosquito breeding.

Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials?

x

Adequate safety measures will be adopted to avoid such conditions.

Increased noise and air pollution resulting from traffic volume?

x

Increase in noise and air pollution is expected during construction phase. Adequate mitigation measures will be adopted to minimise them.

During operation phase, the main source of noise and air will be traffic. Improved road conditions, extensive plantation will help reduce the noise and air impact. Moreover, the alignment mostly passes through open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission.

If measures suggested for noise sensitive receptors prove inadequate, solid noise barrier will be placed.

Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?

x

This is expected from accidental spillage. Adequate safety provisions have been proposed to avoid such situation.

Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

x Most of the workers will be from local areas and hence such conflict is not anticipated.

Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

x

Workers will be mostly from local villages. Worker from remote places will be provided with adequate facility. The ratio of local and outside workers will be such balanced that there is minimum burden on existing social infrastructures and services.

Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel

x

IEE has outlined such anticipated risks and recommended necessary mitigative measures to avoid them.

68 Appendix 1

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

and other chemicals during construction and operation?

Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

x

Adequate measures have been adopted to mitigate such risks.

Adequate awareness will be created amongst people and workers through information disclosure, safety signage and public consultation about safety aspects.

Based on the above assessment the project is categorized as ‘B’ as per SPS, 2009

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No REMARKS

Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes

X

Project area is located in moderate damage risk zone w.r.t seismicity (Zone III). All civil structures have been designed as per relevant IS Codes corresponding to seismic zones. The study area being predominantly rolling does not have flood problem. However, flash floods occurred in 11 districts including some parts of project districts, but not in the project area in the year 2004. Sahebganj district was hit by flood in the year 2008 also Project Area is not vulnerable to cyclone However, strong wind is observed infrequently due to invasion of tropical cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal during retreating monsoon in eastern part of Sahebganj district

Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (eg. increased erosion or landslides could increase maintenance costs, permafrost melting or increased soil moisture content could affect sub-grade).

X All provisions as per IRC codes have been

made in the road design to avoid erosion and damage to sub grade based on historical climatic data.

Appendix 1 69

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (eg. high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

X Increase in marginalisation is not envisaged.

Project will cause upliftment of socio-economic conditions including reduction of migration. Detailed baseline socio-economic standing and likely impacts has been described in PSA and RP.

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by encouraging settlement in areas that will be more affected by floods in the future, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

X Displaced persons are being resettled at nearby

places which are in moderate earthquake and low flood zone.

70 Appendix 2

LIST OF WATERWAYS/WATER BODIES

Package-I Chainage Left Side Distance (m) Offset (m) Right Side Distance (m) Offset (m)

0-1 Pond 800 Inside ROW

1-2 Khudia River 400 Crossing

2-3 Pond 400 Inside ROW

Pond 800 Inside ROW

3-4 Pond 300 Inside ROW

Pond 500 Inside Row

6-7 Stream

7-8 stream 600

8-9 Well 150 10

9-10 Pond 450 6

Pond (50m) 600 5-8

10-11 Pond (50m) 900 7

12-13 Pond (100m) 200 5

Pond 950 6

13-14 Pond (100m) 250 5-10

Pond 975 3

14-15 Pond 0 1

Pond 950 4

15-16 Pond 300 13

Pond (50m) 800 12-13

Pond (200m) 800 3-4

16-17 Pond (100m) 800 3

18-19 Pond 950 3

19-20 Stream 125

20-21 Pond 775 7

22-23 Pond 100 1

Pond 400 3

23-24 Pond 100 3 Pond 350 2

Stream Crossing 600

27-28 Pond 625 4

Stream 700

30-31 Barakar River 625

42-43 Pond 1000 5

Pond 700 3

Pond 900 3

50-51 Pond 675 5

51-52 Pond 600 2

52-53 Pond 925 7

53-54 Pond 775 5

54-55 Stream 425

55-56 Pond 100 2

57-58 Pond 75 10

58-59 Stream 500

59-60 Pond 300 5

61-62 Pond 925 3

62-63 Pond 200 5 Pond 250 2

70-71 Pond 250 4 Pond 900 5

72-73 Pond 750 10

Appendix 2 71

Package-II

Chainage

Km wise Left Side Distance (m)

Offset

(m) Right Side Distance (m) Offset (m)

1-2 Pond 40 6

5-6

Ajay River

Crossing 810

6-7 Pond 800 6

7-8 Pond 475 6

8-9 Pond 200 3

9-10 Pond 900 8

18-19 Pond 700 9

22-23 Pond 410 7

23-24 Pond 450 12

25-26 Big Pond 775 3

26-27 Pond 300 5 Pond 350 6

27-28 Pond 300 5 Pond 200 7

29-30 SilaRiver (50m) 0

31-32 Pond (75m) 300 3-9

33-34 Pond 450 7

35-36 Pond 25 10

Pond 850 3

36-37 Pond 220 3

42-43 Pond 225 3

45-46 Pond 150 5

49-50

River Crossing-

perennial 525

50-51 Pond 75 2.5

53-54 Pond 800 6

54-55 Pond (75m) 325 10-12

56-57 Pond 450 4

61-62 Brahmani River

64-65 Pond 150 9

70-71 River 425

74-75 Waste Pond 825 6

Package-III Chainage

Km Left Side

Distance

(m) Offset (m) Right Side Distance (m) Offset (m)

2-3 Pond 300 10

4-5 Stream Crossing-np 325 30 5

6-7 Stream Crossing-np 125

14-15 Stream Crossing 850

River Crossing 950

17-18 Stream Crossing 875

20-21 Pond (100m) 600 4-5

21-22 Pond 975 4

24-25

Bara River Crossing-

stream 300

27-28

Gumaru River

Crossing perennial 675

30-31 Stream Crossing 75

72 Appendix 2

Chainage

Km Left Side

Distance

(m) Offset (m) Right Side Distance (m) Offset (m)

Pond (75m) 75 5

Pond (125m) 600 4-5

35-36 Stream perennial Pond 625 5

41-42 Pond 750 6

46-47 Stream Crossing 125

51-52 Bansloi River 100

52-53 Stream Crossing 800

54-55 Nalah Crossing 650

55-56

59-60 Stream Crossing 475

60-61 Pond 150 5

Boundary of School 150 10 650 5

61-62

Stream Crossing

stagnant 475

Nalah Crossing 900

63-64 Pond 575 9 700 6-7

64-65 Pond 850 5

Pond 850 10

65-66 Nalah Crossing 225

Pond 1000 9

75-76 Pond 650 4.5

76-77 Nalah Crossing 200

81-82

Stream Crossing-

perennial 650

84-85 Nalah Crossing 825

86-87 Pond 150 3

89-90 River 225

90-91 Nalah Crossing 750

93-94 Pond 75 10

Pond 400 8

Pond 275 11

Pond 665 10

94-95 Pond 375 5

95-96 Pond 25 10

97-98 Pond 850 7

98-99 Pond 550 5

Pond 775 2

99-100 Pond 475 11

Pond (50m) 600 3-4

100-101 Pond 125 5

Well 850 10 Pond 500 8

Pond 875 4

Pond 1000 6

Appendix 2 73

Package-IV Chainage

Km wise Left Side Distance Offset Right Side Distance Offset

0-1 Pond 175 8

1-2 GumaniRiver 510

3-4 Pond 900 9

Well 990 8

4-5 Pond 70 3

Pond 600 6

Pond 600 3

Pond 875 3

5-6 Big Pond 480 8

Pond 850 6

6-7 Pond 375 7-8

8-9 Pond 650 6

9-10 Pond 100 5

12-13 Pond 600 12

13-14 Pond 540 5

Pond 675 6

17-18 Pond 850 5

19-20 Pond 575 8

21-22 Pond 515 10

22-23

Morang /

BadkaPulRiver 250

25-26 Pond 720 4.5

26-27 Pond 80 5

Big Pond 320 3

27-28 Pond 675 6

28-29 Pond 700 10

29-30 Pond 800 8

33-34 Pond 125 3

Big Pond 100 8-10

74 Appendix 3

LIST OF NOISE SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD

Package-I

Sl.No Side Name of Village Name /Type Extent of Impact

1 L Latani Chabutara of Govt.School Fully

2 R Badbad Prathmik School Partial

3 R Mairanawatand Rajkiykrit Middle School Fully

4 L Chunnudih Ekal School Fully

5 L Manjhladih Middle School Fully

6 L Chirudih Library Building Fully

7 R Dighari Utkramit Middle School Fully

8 R Narayanpur Rajkiykrit Middle School Partial

9 L Koridih Utkramit Middle School Fully

10 R Loharangi Utkramit Middle School Partial

11 L Bariyarpur Utkramit Middle School Fully

12 R Mohanpur Prathmik Swasthy Kendra Fully

13 L Pabia Boundry wall of Prathmik

Swasthy Kendra Partial

14 L Dharampur Utkramit Middle School Fully

15 R Dakshin Bahal Utkramit Middle School Fully

Package-II

Sl. No Side Name of Village Name /Type Extent of Impact

1 L Palajori Sawasth Upkendra Fully

2 R chapuriya Middle School Fully

3 L Darpuja Saksharta Bhawan Fully

4

L Anghutiya

Midle School Fully

5 School Building Fully

6 School building Fully

7 R Ranighaghar Madhya Vidyalay Partial

8 L Nishchit Pur Madhya Vidyay Partial

9 R Amlachatar Rajkiya Madhaya Vidyalay Fully

Package-III

Sl. No. Location Side(L/R) Name /Type Extent of impact

1 Dumka Town RHS Gov. Girls School Partially

2 Chapuriya LHS Literacy Buliding Fully

3 Madhuban LHS Upper Primary School Fully

4 Kheri Bari LHS Primary School Fully

5 ChatterChuan RHS School Fully

6 Fatehpur R Middle School Fully

7 Paderkola R R M S, Paderkola Fully

8 Surajbera L R M S, Surajbera Fully

9 Kadwa R High School Hostel Fully

10 Kadwa L Primary School Fully

11 Paderbathan R Primary School Fully

12 Kadma L Madarsa School Fully

13 Gopladih R Middle School Fully

Appendix 3 75

(Package-III) S. NO

Village Side (Left or Right)

Name /Type Extent of Impact (Partial/full)

1 Babupur L Primery School Full

2 Kadma L Middle School Full

3 Sewaiya R School Boundery Wall Full

4 Banjhi R High School No need for Relocation

5 Banjhi R Liberary Full

6 Adro R I.T.I. B . Wall No need for Relocation

7 Adro R School Boundery Wall Full

76 Appendix 4

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental Issues

/ Component Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location

Mitigation Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

1. Pre-construction Phase

1. Finalization of road alignment and widening options including bypass alignment

Take adequate consultation with local people to avoid sensitive areas.

Avoid excessive cut and fill and road should be aligned to follow natural topography.

Minimize requirement of forestland for road construction

Complete actions to seek permits for diversion of forest land for non forest uses (road construction) as per the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

Obtain all requisite statutory clearances/NOCs/permits

Avoid or minimize tree felling, acquisition of agricultural land, shifting of shrines/temples, disturbance to community ponds, community resources, burial grounds, etc. to the extent possible through evolving alternate widening options.

Throughout the project road Bypass alignments at Pkg I-Govindpur Pkg II- Jamtara and Dumka

Part of project cost

Design Consultant / RCD

RCD

2. Land and Property Losses / Acquisition

Social Impact Assessment and Resettlement Studies undertaken for project.

Complete all necessary land and property acquisition procedures prior to the commencement of any related work.

Adhere to the Land Acquisition procedures in accordance to RAP’s Entitlement Framework.

Compensation as per project Resettlement Plan

For acquisition of forest land (about 68.01 hectares of forest

land to be acquired), compensatory afforestation as per Forest Conservation Act, 1980 will be undertaken against forest land acquisition on double amount of land.

Throughout project road corridor Locations of forest areas along the project road alignment (32.645 km)

Free land to be made available by RCD.

RCD / Design Consultant

RCD / Supervision Consultant

3. Elephant Movement in the Project Area

construction has been on-going since 2010, there has been no activities in the elephant crossings and nearby habitats

Specific study accomplished by wildlife experts appointed by CWLW and has been accepted by MoEF.

RCD to construct several new structures/modify existing structures; provide safety installations, signage etc. as per recommendations made by wildlife experts. (For details pls refer Table 20)

RCD has agreed to implement all recommendations made by wild life expert

Km. 7.235, Km.24.2-25.6, Km.26.2-26.5 , Km. 42.5-44.4, Km. 28.0-28.4, Km. 50-52, Km. 52.6-54.6, Km. 5.8-6.1, Km. 27.2-27.4, Km. 29.10, Km. 30.0-35.0, Km. 72.2-86.7, Km. 39.8, Km. 37.3-43

For indicative cost, Pls refer Table 20

RCD / in consultation with wild life wing of forest department

RCD / Supervision Consultant

4. New Govindpur Bypass

Included to avoid large scale demolition of residential and commercial structures at Govindpur chawk.

Finalised alignment does not pass through any forest stretch. No tree cutting is involved

Package-I near Govindpur on NH-2 (Km0.00 to Km 6.230)

Included in variation to BOQ

Contractor Supervision Consultant/RCD

Appendix 4 77

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

Insignificant impact on structures

3 underpasses are proposed to cater vehicle/cattle/pedestrian crossing

Provision of adequate CD structures and side drains

For partial loss to 3 seasonal ponds/water bodies, borrow areas to be converted into ponds. Moreover, these are not used by communities for any domestic use.

2. Construction Phase

1. Removal of Vegetation and Land Clearing activities

The road land width requiring clearing will be clearly demarcated on ground as per alignment plan.

During land clearing operations, top soil will be collected, preserved, and reused as a base for turfing of embankment slopes or development of barren areas along road side.

Trees falling within roadway width and other vegetative cover are to be removed. Compensatory afforestation as per requirements of forest department (1:2 in Jharkhand) will be

undertaken for loss of trees.

Cultural properties like small temples/ shrines) coming within the road land width, will be shifted to adjacent areas in consultation with local community leaders.

During clearing operations, any treasure trove, slabs with epigraphical evidence or edicts, sculptural or any material found and appear to have historical importance, it should be brought to the notice of Department of Archaeology, Government of Jharkhand and instructions of Department, if any, must be followed.

All public utilities like power transmission cables, telephone cables, water/sewerage lines, drains, tube wells etc. falling within road land width will be inventoried, and arrange for relocation /shifting to adjacent areas in consultation with the respective agencies/ authorities.

Establish and maintain interaction with local community to ensure that no social resentment sets in due to operations.

Throughout Project road corridor Locations of the Forest Areas (about 32.645 km length passing through forest areas)

Contractor Cost For relocation of utilities Govt. will bear the cost Part of Administrative Cost

Contractor / RCD

Supervision Consultant / Forest Department / RCD

3. Establishment of temporary site office and material storage areas

The temporary office and storage area for construction works will be located away from human settlement areas (minimum 500 m) and forest areas (minimum 1 km).

The office and storage areas will preferably be located on barren/waste lands and conversion of agricultural/cultivable lands for office and storage areas will not be allowed under any circumstances.

All fuel oil/lubricants loading, unloading and storage areas

At identified location with prior approval of supervision consultant

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

78 Appendix 4

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

will be paved (impermeable), and have separate storm water collection system with facility for separation of oil/lubricants prior to discharge.

The temporary office and storage area will be provided with adequate water supply, sanitation, septic tank/soak pit of adequate capacity so that it functions properly for the entire duration of its use.

After completion of construction works, the site will be restored to its previous state by undertaking clean up operations.

4. Establishment of construction camp sites

The construction campsites will be located away from any local human settlement areas and preferably located on lands, which are barren/waste lands.

The camps will be located, at a minimum, 1 km from forest areas to deter trespassing of construction labour.

The campsites will be provided with adequate water supply, sanitation and all requisite infrastructure facilities. This would minimize dependence on outside resources, presently being used by local populace and minimize undesirable social friction thereof.

The camps will have septic tank/soak pit of adequate capacity so that it can function properly for the entire duration of its use.

Construction camps will be provided with kerosene/LPG to avid dependence on firewood for cooking to the extent possible.

After completion of construction works, location of campsites will be restored to its previous state by undertaking clean up operations.

At identified camp location with prior approval of supervision consultant

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

5. Extraction and mobilization of construction materials i.e. boulders, aggregates, earth and water for construction

Stone aggregates will be sourced only from licensed existing quarries. RCD has identified quarries.

No new crushers will be established and existing licensed crushers will be used.

Ensure stone quarries and crushing units have pollution control system, occupational safety procedures/practices in place and regular inspection will be carried to ensure compliance. This will be a pre-condition for sourcing of materials from quarries/crushing plants.

Earth borrow areas identified in design report will be reassessed for its environmental sensitivity and ensure it is not an ecologically sensitive areas. Permits are to be

At identified quarries and borrow area location with prior approval of supervision consultant

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

Appendix 4 79

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

obtained from authorities and all permit conditions are complied.

The borrow areas are to be demarcated with signboards and operational areas are to be access controlled.

Topsoil from borrow areas (first 30cm) are to be preserved and used for redevelopment of borrow areas as per IRC provisions or as a base for turfing along embankment slopes.

The borrow areas as an option may be converted into ponds wherever possible, which can be used for storage of rainwater for domestic use.

Conversion of agricultural lands for borrowing earth is to be discouraged to the use possible unless warranted by local conditions. In such cases, written consent will be obtained from the land owners.

Fly ash will be used in all road construction works, which are within the 100 km from thermal power stations. Design consultant has identified sources of flyash and incorporated in the design as per IRC specifications.

Water for construction works will not be drawn from sources, which serve routine needs of local people.

In case water is sourced from existing private tube wells, well owner will be informed about the quantity and duration for which water drawls will be carried out and possible implications. Written consent for use of groundwater will be obtained.

In case new tube wells are to be constructed, required permits are to be obtained from the Ground Water Department and permit conditions, if any are to be complied.

In any case, care will be taken not to source all requirements from one single source and no two sources (in case of tube wells) will be less than 500 m from each other.

6. Transportation of construction materials

Existing tracks/roads are to be used for hauling of materials to extent possible.

The alignment of haul roads (in case of new ones) will be finalized to avoid agricultural lands to the extent possible. In unavoidable circumstances, suitable compensation will be paid to people, whose land will be temporarily acquired for the duration of operations. The compensation will cover for loss of income for the duration of acquisition and land restoration.

Prior to alignment of new haul roads, topsoil will be preserved or at least will be used for any other useful

Along haul roads with prior approval of supervision consultant

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

80 Appendix 4

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

purposes like using in turfing of embankment rather than allowing its loss by construction activities.

Dust suppression along transportation links is to be ensured by deploying water tankers with sprinkling system are to be deployed along haul roads.

The vehicles deployed for material transportation will be spillage proof to avoid or minimize the spillage of the material during transportation. Transportation links are to be inspected daily to clear accidental spillage, if any.

Precaution will be taken to avoid inconvenience to the local community due to movement of materials.

7. Temporarily traffic diversion

Wherever require prepare appropriate traffic diversion plans (in specific stretches as per progress of construction work) and implemented to avoid inconvenience due to construction works to present road users.

The traffic diversion signs should be bold and clearly visible particularly at night.

Diversion schemes are required to ensure smooth traffic flow, minimize accidents to road users during construction works.

All along the project road. Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

8. Cut and Fill operations

Finalization of alignment plan and profile will consider options to minimize excessive cuts or fills. The design will follow the relevant IRC specifications.

The cut and fill quantities required for profile correction will be balanced to the extent possible, to avoid dependence on earth from borrow areas.

In both cases of cut and fill, top soil will be preserved and reused for turfing of embankment slopes or redevelopment of borrow areas or any other areas in the vicinity of roads.

Under no circumstances, top soil will be allowed to be used as a fill material in road construction activities.

Near cut and fill sites. Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant on plan and profile

Supervision Consultant / RCD

9. Preparation of embankments and road base

The road construction works will raise, extend and enlarge existing road carriageway all along the alignment. Therefore, mitigation measures to contain erosion and drainage problems are essential.

The engineering measures for countering soil erosion, slope protection, drainage wherever required will be considered and implemented as per relevant IRC specification.

Measures like selection of less 80inimize material for embankment construction, compaction, adequate embankment slopes and turfing will be considered as per

All along the project road At locations of embankments

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant on plan and profile

Supervision Consultant / RCD

Appendix 4 81

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

IRC specifications.

10. Construction of bridges / culverts

The road construction will also require construction of several cross drainage structures, across streams/rivers flowing across the road.

Refer to hydrological studies to ensure that construction of drainage structures is not likely to alter drainage pattern, and discharge capacities of drainage structures are designed to facilitate smooth passage of water and heading up or flooding is avoided even in flood season.

Schedule the construction works to dry season so that impacts on water quality of stream/river is 81 Inimize or avoided.

Precaution will be exercised to prevent oil/lubricant/ hydrocarbon contamination of channel bed during construction works. Spillage, if any, will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces.

Ensure all construction wastes are removed from work site and stream /river beds are to be cleaned up after completion of construction but prior to onset of monsoon.

Locations of bridges/culverts along the project road

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant on plan and profile

Supervision Consultant / RCD

11. Plantation of trees Tree planting operations will be commenced immediately after completion of embankment compaction.

Tree plantation along the road will be undertaken as per permit conditions issued by the Department of Forests, prior to tree felling.

The species will be suitable for local climate and easily available. The concerned Divisional Forest Officer can be consulted for selection of species and technical guidance, if required.

Proper care will be taken to increase survival rate of saplings like regular watering, pruning, provision of tree guards, manure for better nourishment, etc. including timely replacement of perished saplings.

All along the project road / at identified location

part of administrative cost

Contractor / local Forest department

Supervision Consultant / Forest Department

12. Establishment and operations of hot mix plants, laying of bitumen

Hot mix plants will be established at least 500 m away from human settlements and preferably located on leeward side of most dominant wind direction.

NOC to establish and operate are to be obtained from State Pollution Control Board and all permit conditions are to be implemented/ complied.

The hot mix plants will be set up on barren/waste lands and conversion of agricultural/cultivable lands for this purpose will not be allowed under any circumstances.

At identified hot mix plant locations with prior approval of supervision consultant

Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

82 Appendix 4

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

All operational areas like storage, handling, loading, unloading areas will be paved, and have separate storm water collection system with facility for separation of oil/lubricants prior to discharge.

The storm water from storage area will not be directly discharged into any, nearby water courses/drains.

The hot mix pants will be provided with adequate water supply, sanitation, septic tank/soak pit of adequate capacity so that it functions properly for the entire duration of its use.

After completion of construction works, the site will be restored to its previous state by undertaking clean up operations.

Hot mix plants will have required measures for control of dust, air, and noise pollution as per regulatory limits of State Pollution Control Board measures.

Appropriate traffic diversion schemes will be implemented during bitumen paving is under progress and all works will be planned and swiftly completed to avoid inconvenience to road users.

13. Mobilization of construction machineries and vehicles

All diesel run equipment/vehicles/ deployed for construction activities will be regularly maintained for smooth operation, a measure contributing to air quality and noise.

Vehicles/equipment will be periodically subjected for emission tests and will have valid Pollution Under Control certificates.

All vehicles deployed for material movement will be spill proof to the extent possible. In any case, all material movement routes will be inspected daily twice to clear off any accidental spills.

At identified locations Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant/ RCD

14. Occupational Health and safety hazards at work and camp sites

All personnel at work sites will be provided with protective gears like helmets, boots, etc. so that injuries to personnel are avoided or minimized.

Children and pregnant women will not be allowed to work under any circumstances.

No personnel will be allowed to work at site for more than 10 hours per day (8-hour makes one work shift).

Workforce, likely to be exposed to noise levels beyond regulatory stipulated limits, will be provided with protective gears like hear plugs etc and regularly rotated.

Dust suppression measures like sprinkling of water will be ensured at all operations areas.

At identified locations Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant/ RCD

Appendix 4 83

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

The construction camps will have health care facilities for adults, pregnant women and children.

All construction personnel will be subjected to routine vaccinations and other preventive/healthcare measures.

The work and campsites will have suitable facilities for handling any emergency situation like fire, explosion, etc.

All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations. All required permits for storage of inflammable/hazardous materials are to be obtained.

The personnel in charge of such areas will be properly trained, licensed and with sufficient experience.

The operational areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization.

15. Cleaning work sites and waste disposal

All operational areas under road construction works like work sites, office/storage area, work force camps, and borrow areas, will be cleaned up and restored to its previous state soon after operations are complete.

All construction waste will be disposed in approved areas. Local district authorities will be consulted to determine disposal site and implement any conditions imposed while issuing permits.

All along the project road Contractor cost

Contractor with approval of supervision consultant

Supervision Consultant / RCD

16. Compliance to clearance conditions

Ensure compliance of generic and specific conditions of environmental clearance

Ensure compliance of forest clearance conditions

Ensure compliance of conditions consent to establish and operate and

In all construction packages Contractor cost. Unspecified item which appears in clearance conditions will be paid by RCD

Contractor Supervision Consultant / RCD

17. Elephant Movement

Select construction period in the potential elephant movement areas when they are away from project area on seasonal migration

Along potential sites identified by wildlife expert

No cost involved

Contractor Supervision Consultant / RCD

3. Operation Phase

1. Contamination from accidental spills

The accident sites will be cleared immediately.

The soiled dearth will be scraped into small lined confined pits nearby with ROW

All along the project road Maintenance cost

RCD / Contractor

RCD

2. Air Pollution Vehicular air pollution will be managed enforcing the vehicle emission rules.

All along the project road Maintenance cost

Transport Department/

RCD

84 Appendix 4

Environmental Issues / Component

Remedial Measures / Actions Approximate Location Mitigation

Cost (INRs.)

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

Road side tree plantation will be maintained.

Public awareness will be generated.

SPCB/ RCD

3. Noise Pollution No horn signs for sensitive area (dense forests, school and religious structures) will be put up.

Public awareness program will be conducted.

At selected locations Contractor cost

Contractor RCD

4. Water Pollution The drainage system will be cleaned periodically as per operation and maintenance manual.

Washing of vehicles will be prohibited and signs will be put up.

At selected locations Maintenance cost

Contractor RCD

5. Safety Measures The traffic management plan will be developed along congested locations.

Traffic control measures, including speed limits, will be enforced strictly.

Encroachment and squatting within the ROW will be controlled.

No schools or hospitals will be allowed to be established within ROW.

At selected locations Maintenance cost

Contractor / RCD

RCD

6. Success of vegetation

Co-ordinate with forest department to ensure 75% of the survival rate of plants

Plantation site Included in CA cost

Forest dept/RCD

RCD

7. Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures for elephant movement

Presently elephants occupy the forest areas near the Masanjor reservoir which provide enough food, water and shelter during non crop depredation seasons. The movements of elephants might change after the opening of this road due to increase in traffic load. Therefore, it is recommended that proper record to be maintained by regular monitoring of elephant movements nearby this area for one year from the opening of road. If it is observed that elephants establish a defined movement path through crossing the road then underpass needs to be constructed appropriate location between chainage no. 50-52.

In future, if road undergo for four lane widening then fresh assessment of elephant movement may be required to construct a appropriate civil structure at appropriate stretches.

Km 50-52

Whenever future expansion is decided

to be assessed if required

RCD by an independent wildlife expert

RCD

Note: RCD: Road Construction Department, SPCB: State Pollution Control Board; IRC: Indian Road Congress; RAP: Resettlement Action Plan; ROW: Right of

Way; NOC: No Objection Certificate

Appendix 5 85

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental Features

Aspect to be Monitored Time and Frequency of Monitoring Location Responsible party

Implementation Supervision

i) Air and Noise As per Appendix 6

Leq - Noise levels on dB (A) scale as per Appendix 9

Before starting of any construction activities. At selected settlement locations along the project road and construction sites/HMP/Crushers

Supervision Consultant

RCD

Once in every section while construction is ongoing.

Once after completion of construction activities.

ii) Water Quality Concentration of sediments and presence of construction debris.

Before starting of construction activities. Major water bodies / streams and ponds along the project road alignment

Supervision Consultant

RCD

During construction activities in the vicinity of each water body.

Once after completion of construction activities.

Drinking water- Appendix 7

Surface Water –Appendix 8

Same as above.

Length of line drainage structures constructed and strengthened.

During construction activities in the vicinity of each water body.

Full length of project road

Supervision Consultant

RCD

Length of damaged or missing line drains.

Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project road

Supervision Consultant

RCD

Once after completion of construction activities.

Total number, type and lengths of cross drainage structures including bridges constructed or strengthened

Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project road

Supervision Consultant

RCD

Once a year during construction activities.

Once after completion of all construction activities.

Number of weak cross drainage structures.

Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project road

Supervision Consultant

RCD

Once after completion of construction activities.

iii) Tree Plantation Survival rate of plants Once every season during construction

Once in a year during operation phase for 2 years

Location of compensatory afforestation all along the project road.

Supervision Consultant / RCD

RCD

iv) Wild life Movement

Effectiveness of mitigations proposed for Elephant Passage

Once in a year for 3 years during Sep-Nov Refer Table 20 RCD through Independent wildlife expert

RCD with support from forest department

RCD = Road Construction Department

86 Appendix 6

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section -3-Subsection (i)

* Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval.

** 24-hourly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values will be complied with 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

Pollutant Concentration in ambient Air

Average Industrial, Residential and other rural area

Ecologically Sensitive Area

(Notified by Central

Government)

Methods of Measurement

SO2 ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

50

80

20

80

- Improved West and Geake - Ultraviolet Fluorescence

NOx ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

40

80

30

80

- Modified Jacob and Hochheiser - Chemiluminescence

PM10 ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

60

100

60

100

- Gravimetric - TEOM - Beta Attenuation

PM2.5 ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

40

60

40

60

- Gravimetric - TEOM - Beta Attenuation

Ozone (O3) ug/m

3

8 Hours**

1 Hour**

100

180

100

180

- UV Photometric - Chemiluminescence - Chemical Method

Lead ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

0.50

1.0

0.50

1.0

- AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

- ED-XRF using Teflon filter

CO ug/m3

8 Hours**

1 Hour**

2000

4000

2000

4000

- Non Dispersive Infra Red Spectroscopy

NH3 ug/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

100

400

100

400

- Chemiluminescence - Indophenol blue method

Benzene (C6H6) ug/m

3

Annual* 05 05 - Gas Chromatography based

Continuous Analyzer - Adsorption followed by GC Analysis

Benzo Pyrene-Particulate Phase only

ug/m3

Annual* 01 01

- Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis

Arsenic ng/m3 Annual* 06 06

- AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

Nickel ng/m3 Annual* 20 20

- AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper

Appendix 7 87

Drinking Water Quality Standards (as per IS: 10500-1991)

Sl. No.

Parameter and Unit Desirable Limit Permissible Limit

in Absence of Alternate Source

1. Colour (Hazen units) 5 25

2. Odour Unobjectionable -

3. Taste Agreeable -

4. Turbidity (NTU) 5 10

5. pH 5-8.5 No relaxation

6. Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL) nil -

7. Pathogenic Organisms or Virus nil -

8. TDS (mg/L) 500 2000

9. Mineral Oil (mg/L) 0.01 0.03

10. Free Residual Chlorine (mg/L) 0.2 -

11. Cyanide (mg/L as CN) 0.05 No relaxation

12. Phenol (mg/L C6H5OH) 0.001 0.002

13. Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 300 600

14. Total Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) 200 600

15. Chloride (mg/L as Cl) 250 1000

16. Sulphate (mg/L as SO4) 200 400

17. Nitrate (mg/L as NO3) 45 100

18. Fluoride (mg/L as F) 1 1.5

19. Calcium (mg/L as Ca) 75 200

20. Magnesium (mg/L as Mg) 30 100

21. Copper (mg/L as Cu) 0.05 1.5

22. Iron (mg/L as Fe) 0.3 1

23. Manganese (mg/L as Mn) 0.1 0.3

24. Zinc (mg/L as Zn) 5 15

25. Boron (mg/L as B) 1 5

26. Aluminium (mg/L as AL) 0.03 0.2

27. Arsenic (mg/L as As) 0.05 No relaxation

28. Mercury (mg/L as Hg) 0.001 No relaxation

29. Lead (mg/L as Pb) 0.05 No relaxation

30. Cadmium (mg/L as Cd) 0.01 No relaxation

31. Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr) 0.05 No relaxation

32. Selenium (mg/L as Se) 0.01 No relaxation

33. Anionic Detergents (mg/L MBAS) 0.2 1

34. PAH (mg/L) nil -

35. Pesticides (g/L) Absent 0.001

36. Alpha Emitters (10-6c/mL) nil 0.0001

37. Beta Emitters (10-6c/mL) nil 0.001

88 Appendix 8

Tolerance Limits for Inland Surface Waters (as per IS:2296)

SN Parameter and Unit Class-A Class-B Class-C Class-D Class-E

1. Colour (Hazen Units) 10 300 300 - -

2. Odour Unobjectionable

3. Taste Tasteless - - - -

4. pH (max) (min:6.5) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5

5. Conductivity (25oC) (mhos/cm) - - - 1000 2250

6. DO (mg/L)(min) 6 5 4 4 -

7. BOD (3 days at 27oC) (mg/L) 2 3 3 - -

8. Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL) 50 500 5000 - -

9. TDS (mg/L) 500 - 1500 - 2100

10. Oil and Grease (mg/L) - - 0.1 0.1 -

11. Mineral Oil (mg/L) 0.01 - - - -

12. Free Carbon Dioxide (mg/L CO2) - - - 6 -

13. Free Ammonia (mg/L as N) - - - 1.2 -

14. Cyanide (mg/L as CN) 0.05 0.05 0.05 - -

15. Phenol (mg/L C6H5OH) 0.002 0.005 0.005 - -

16. Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 300 - - - -

17. Chloride (mg/L as Cl) 250 - 600 - 600

18. Sulphate (mg/L as SO4) 400 - 400 - 1000

19. Nitrate (mg/L as NO3) 20 - 50 - -

20. Fluoride (mg/L as F) 1.5 1.5 1.5 - -

21. Calcium (mg/L as Ca) 80 - - - -

22. Magnesium (mg/L as Mg) 24.4 - - - -

23. Copper (mg/L as Cu) 1.5 - 1.5 - -

24. Iron (mg/L as Fe) 0.3 - 50 - -

25. Manganese (mg/L as Mn) 0.5 - - - -

26. Zinc (mg/L as Zn) 15 - 15 - -

27. Boron (mg/L as B) - - - - 2

28. Barium (mg/L as Ba) 1 - - - -

29. Silver (mg/L as Ag) 0.05 - - - -

30. Arsenic (mg/L as As) 0.05 0.2 0.2 - -

31. Mercury (mg/L as Hg) 0.001 - - - -

32. Lead (mg/L as Pb) 0.1 - 0.1 - -

33. Cadmium (mg/L as Cd) 0.01 - 0.01 - -

34. Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr) 0.05 0.05 0.05 - -

35. Selenium (mg/L as Se) 0.01 - 0.05 - -

36. Anionic Detergents (mg/L MBAS) 0.2 1 1 - -

37. PAH (mg/L) 0.2 - - - -

38. Pesticides (g/L) Absent - - - -

39. Insecticides (mg/L) - - Absent - -

40. Alpha Emitters (10-6c/mL) 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

41. Beta Emitters (10-6c/mL) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

42. Percent Sodium (%) - - - - 60

43. Sodium Absorption Ratio - - - - 26

Class-A: Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection. Class-B: Outdoor bathing. Class-C: Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection. Class-D: Fish culture and wild life propagation. Class-E: Irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal.

Appendix 9-A 89

National Ambient Noise Standards

Area Code Category of Zones Limits of Leq in dB(A)

Day time* Night time*

A Industrial 75 70

B Commercial 65 55

C Residential 55 45

D Silence Zone ** 50 40

Gazette Notification dated 26th December 1989. It is based on the weighted equivalent noise level (Leq).

* Day time is from 6 am to 9 pm whereas night time is from 9 pm to 6 am

** Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicles horns, loud speakers and bursting of cracking are banned in these zones

These noise standards have been given the status of statutory norms vide Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control)

Rules, 2000. However, these rules have changed the periods for ‘Day Time’ and ‘Night Time’ to 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and

10 p.m. to 6 am respectively.

90 Appendix 9-B

Permissible Exposure in Case of Continuous Noise for Work Zone Area [as per Model Rules of Factories Act, 1948]

Total Time of Exposure (continuous or a number of short term exposures) per day, in hr

Permissible Sound Pressure Level in dB(A)

8 90

6 92

4 95

3 97

2 100

1 102

1&1/2 105

1/2 107

1/4 110

1/8 115

Notes: 1.No exposure in excess of 115 dB (A) is to be permitted. 2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower figure as indicated in column 1, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate basis.