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8/6/2019 Inhalational History of Anesthesiology 3
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/inhalational-history-of-anesthesiology-3 1/23
INHALATIONAL AGENTS
Dr. Vishal
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Humphry Davy and Nitrous Oxide
� Began experiments at the
Pneumatic Institute in
Bristol in 1799.
� Discovered that nitrous
oxide could relieve
headaches and
toothaches.
Image Courtesy of the Wood Library-Museum
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Anesthesiologists. All rights reserved.
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Henry Hill Hickman(1800-1830)
� 1st ever research directed
towards pain free surgery.
� Discovered that animals
could be rendered
insensible for an
operation.
� Unfortunately used wronggas ! CO2
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Horace Wells(1815-1848)
� Dentist in Hartford,
Connecticut.
� Needed a way to stop pain
to install dentures.
� Attended an exhibition
Of chemist COLTON in
10th dec. 1844 featuring
inhalations of nitrous
Horace Wells in 1844
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Eureka!
� There he saw a gentlemen
cut his leg on a table
painlessly.� Tried it out on himself for
the removal of a molar.
� ³Painless´ dentistry was
born!
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Anesthesiologists. All rights reserved.
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Horace Wells at Harvard...The famous failure !!!
� Tried to publicly
demonstrate nitrous oxide
anesthesia at Harvard inlate 1844.
� The patient groaned.
� The crowd laughed,
yelled ³humbug´ anddrove Wells out of
Boston.
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Anesthesiologists. All rights reserved.
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Charles Jackson and Ether
� Charles T. Jackson,
professor of chemistry at
Harvard, suggested thatether might have
anesthetic properties.
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W.T.G. Morton and Anesthesia
� Took Jackson¶s
suggestion and began to
use ether.
� Anesthetized bugs,
worms, his dog, Nig, and
even attempted a fish.
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The First Successful Public
Demonstration of AnesthesiaOctober 16, 1846 � Triumph !!!
� Morton brought
³Letheon´ to theoperating theater at
Harvard.
� Named ether as ³letheon´
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The Ether Controversy
� Morton tried to patent
³Letheon´ to make
money.
� Wells claimed that he had
invented anesthesia, as
did Jackson.
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The Death of Wells (1848)
� Frustrated with morton¶s
success.
� Became increasingly
psychotic.
� Lacerated his femoral
artery under anesthesia in
1848.
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The Death of Morton
� Spent the next 22 years
seeking compensation for
his discovery.
� Died of ³brain
congestion´ on July 15,
1868 in New York City.
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The Death of Jackson
� Continued to fight
Morton for years.
� Committed to an insane
asylum where he died in
1880.
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FLOURINATED ANAESTHETICS
� Fluorination offered stable, volatile hydrocarbons
� These agents were foundto be less inflammable
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The 1st ever Flourinated agent-
FLUROXENE !!
� In early 1930 John Krantz took ethyl vinyl ether n
produced tri flouro ethyl vinyl ether-----
FLUROXENE
� Was eventually withdrawn because of concerns of
toxicity
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FLOURINATED ANAESTHETICS
� Halothane was invented
by Charles Suckling in1951 while attempting
to prepare the
ideal anesthetic gas.
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� METHOXYFLOURANE, ENFLURANE AND
ISOFLURANE---were introduced later about 30
years ago
� DESFLURANE--One of the last anaesthetic gas
synthesized
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SEVOFLURANE
� Was synthesized more than 40 years ago
� As it is unstable with sodalime was notintroduced until late 1980
� Since sevoflurane,
no additional anaesthetic
agents have been added
� Also used in animals
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Future anesthetics-XENON
� Under investigation for several years
� Is expensive
� Like N2O requires high concentration for
anaesthesia
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INVENTION OF MAC
� Near about 1960s Edmund Eger correlated
end tidal (alveolar) concentration with themovement response to supramaximal
nociceptive stimulus and in this way concept
of MAC was born.
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