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Artculos y SustantivosArticles and Nouns
Artculos determinados (the) e indeterminados (a, an). A
diferencia del indeterminado, el artculodeterminado se usa para
personas o cosas concretas.
the (de / di)- el, la, lo, los, las.
theboy- elnio
theboys- losnios
theapple- lamanzana
thegirl- lania
thegirls - lasnias
thebuses- losautobuses
a (i / e) - un, una. (se usa cuando la palabra siguiente es una
consonante)
aboy- unnio
agirl- unania
aman- unhombre
awoman- unamujer
aactory- unafbrica
ahouse- unacasa
an (an) - un, una. (se usa cuando la palabra siguiente comien!a
con vocal o con consonantes mudas)
anapple- unamanzana anengineer- uningeniero
anumbrella- unparaguas anelephant- unelefante
anhour- unahora
anhonor- unhonor
"a #nica e$cepci%n a esta regla son las palabras &ue
empie!an con 'u' y sta se pronuncia 'i#'
auniversity- unauniversidad
aunion- unsindicato auniorm- ununiforme
auniverse- ununiverso
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lural del SustantivoPlural of the Noun
n ingl!s, la ma"ora de las palabras se pluralizan agregando una
#s# al singular, pero veremos $uetambi!n ha" otras formas.
"a mayora agrega 's' al Singular
Singularlural
boy (boi)- nio boys (bis)- nios
girl (gurl)- nia girls(gurls)- nias
car (car)- auto cars(cars)- autos
plane (plin)- avi%n planes(plins)- aviones
boat (but)- barco boats(buts)- barcos
*ay palabras con plurales irregulares
Singularlural
man (man)- hombre men (men)- hombres
woman (wman)- mujer women (wumen)- mujeres
person (prson)- persona people (ppl)- personas
child (child)- nio children (chldren)- nios
tooth (tz)- diente, muela teeth (tiz)- dientes, muelas
oot (ft)- pie eet (fit)- pies
louse (lus)- piojo lice (lis)- piojos
mouse (mus)- rat%n mice (mis)- ratones
o$ (ks)- bue" o$en (ksen)- bue"es
goose (gsss)- ganso geese (guis)- gansos
*ay sustantivos &ue son siempre plurales
trousers (trusers)- pantalones
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pants (pnts)- pantalones
pa+amas (padchmas)- pijama
drawers (drers)- calzoncillos
clothes (clus)- ropa
scissors (ssors)- tijeras
glasess (glses)- anteojos
goods (gds)- mercancas stairs (strs)- escaleras
thans (znks)- gracias
savings (sivings)- ahorros scales (skils)- balanza
pincers (pncers)- pinzas shorts (shrts)- pantalones cortos
shears (shers)- tijeras para podar twee!ers (tuisers)- pinzas de
depilar
binoculars (binkiulars)- prismticos
measles (msls)- sarampi%n
mumps (mmps)- paperas
Algunos sustantivos tienen la misma orma en el plural y en el
singular
sheep(ship)- oveja & ovejas ish(fsh)- pez & peces
owl(ful)- ave de corral & aves de corral deer(dir)- ciervo
& ciervos
moose(mus)- alce & alces species(spshis)- especie &
especies
aircrat(ercraft)- avi%n & aviones
means(mins)- medio & medios
uando terminan en ' s/!/$/sh' o 'ch', agregan 'es' para ormar el
plural
Singularlural
dress (drs)- vestido dresses(drsis)- vestidos
bus (bs)- autob's buses(bsis)- autobuses
bu!! (bss)- zumbido bu!!es(bssis)- zumbidos
church (chrch)- iglesia churches(chrchis)- iglesias
beach (bich)- pla"a beaches(bichis)- pla"asdish (dish)- plato
dishes(dshis)- platos
brush (brsh)- cepillo brushes(brshis)- cepillos
bo$ (bx)- caja bo$es(bxis)- cajas
o$ (fox)- zorro o$es(fxis)- zorros
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uando los sustantivos terminan en 'o' hay dos maneras
-Si la 'o' es precedida por una consonante, las palabras agregan
'es'.(hay muchas e$epciones a esta regla)
Singularlural
potato(potitou)- papa potatoes(potitous)- papas
tomato(tomitou)- tomate tomatoes(tomitous)- tomates
hero(jrou)- h!roe heroes(jrous)- h!roes
echo(kou)- eco echoes(kous)- ecos
torpedo(torpdou)- torpedo torpedoes(torpdous)- torpedos
-Si la 'o' es precedida por una vocal, agregan 's'
Singularlural
rodeo(rudio)- rodeo rodeos(rudios)- rodeospatio(ptio)- patio
trasero patios(ptios)- patios
uando los sustantivos terminan en 'y', hay dos maneras
-Si la ' y' es precedida por una consonante, la ' y' cambia por
'ies'
Singularlural
city(cti)- ciudad cities(ctis)- ciudades
lady(lidi)- seora ladies(lidis)- seoras
story(stri)- historia stories(stris)- historiasly(fli)- mosca
lies(flis)- moscas
country(cntri)- pas countries(cntris)- paises
-Si la 'y' es precedida por una vocal, agregan una 's'
Singularlural
boy(bi)- chico boys(bis)- chicos
day(di)- da days(dis)- das
Algunos &ue con terminaci%n en ' ' o 'e', cambian por
'ves'
Singularlural
life(lif)- vida lives(livs)- vidas
wife(uif)- esposa wives(uivs)- esposas
nife(nif)- cuchillo nives(nivs)- cuchillos
thief(zif)- ladr%n thieves(zivs)- ladrones
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half(jf)- mitad halves(jvs)- mitades
calf(cf)- ternero calves(cvs)- terneros
elf(lf)- duende elves(lvs)- duendes
shelf(shlf)- estante shelves(shlvs)- estantes
loaf(luf)- hogaza de pan loaves(luvs)- hogazas de pan
wolf(wlf)- lobo wolves(wlvs)- lobossheaf(shif)- fajo
sheaves(shivs)- fajos
leaf(lif)- hoja leaves(livs)- hojas
uando terminan en 'is', cambian por 'es'
Singularlural
thesis(zses)- tesis theses(zsis)- tesis
analysis(anlises)- anlisis analyses(anlisis)- anlisis
crisis(crises)- crisis crises(crisis)- crisis
oasis(ouises)- oasis oases(ouisis)- oasis
hypothesis(jaipzeses)- hip%tesis hypotheses(jaipzisis)-
hip%tesis
diagnosis(daiagnuses)- diagn%sis diagnoses(daiagnusis)-
diagn%sis
uando terminan en 'us', cambian us por 'i'
Singularlural
cactus(cctos)- cacto cacti(cctai)- cactos
nucleus(niklios)- n'cleo nuclei(nuklii)- n'cleos
ocus(fukes)- foco, centro oci(fusi)- focos,
centrosstimulus(stmiulas)- estmulo stimuli(stmiuli)- estmulos
syllabus(slabas)- programa de estudios syllabi(slabai)-
programas de estudio
uando terminan en 'on', cambian por 'a'
Singularlural
criterion(craitrion)- criterio criteria(craitria)- criterios
phenomenon(fenmenon)- fen%meno phenomena(fenmena)- fen%menos
Ad+etivos eterminativosDeterminers
stos adjetivos se utilizan para precisar, determinar a $u!
sustantivo&s nos estamos refiriendo. orejemplo this, those,
ever", each, either, neither.
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this (dis) - este, esta, esto (singular)that (dat) - ese, esa,
eso* a$uel, a$uella&o (singular)these (dis) - estos, estas
(plural)those (dus) - esos, esas* a$uellas&os (plural)
all (l) - todo&a, todos&asevery (vri) - cada
(significando todos)each (ch) - cada (tomados en particular)both
(buz) - ambos, los doseither (der o ider) - cual$uiera (de dos),
ambos* ninguno (al negar)neither (nder o nider) - ninguno de los
dos, ni el uno ni el otro
another (ander) - otro&aother (der) - otro&a,
otros&asthe other (di der) - el otro, la otra, los otros, las
otras
this (dis)- este, esta, esto (singular)
Thiscar, here, is mine.
ste auto, a$u, es mo. do not understand this.
+o entiendo esto.
Thishouse is too small or me.
sta casa es demasiado pe$uea para m.
Thisis my boo.
!ste es mi libro.
that (dat) - ese, esa, eso0 a&uel, a&uella/o
(singular)
Thatcar, there, is yours.
se auto, ah, es tu"o. do not remember that.
+o recuerdo eso.
Thathouse was comortable.sa casa era c%moda.
lied thatboo.
e gustaba ese libro.
these (dis)- estos, estas
Theseare my things.
!stas son mis cosas. Thesearticles are damaged.
stos productos estn daados.
do not now thesepeople.
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+o conozco estas personas Thesesentences are easy.
stas oraciones son fciles.
those (dus)- esos, esas0 a&uellas/os
Thoseare your things.
!sas son tus cosas.
miss thosedays.trao esos dias.
love thosepeople.Amo a esas personas.
do not believe in thoseideas.+o creo en esas ideas.
all (l)- todo/a, todos/as.
Allnations have a territory.
odas las naciones tienen un territorio.
Allthe amilies were present there.
odas las familias estaban presente all.
*e has drun allthe wine.
!l se ha tomado todo el vino. 1ho are allthose people2
/0ui!nes son todas esas personas1
every (vri)- cada (signiicando todos)
go there everyday.
2o" all cada da todos los das. Everylanguage has its
grammar.
odos los idiomas tienen su gramtica.
She goes to the gym everywee.
lla va al g"m todas las semanas.
*e goes to the dentist everysi$ months.
l va al dentista cada seis meses.
each (ch)- cada (tomados en particular)
Eachday is dierent or me.
3ada da es diferente para m.
Eachperson has a dierent idea.
3adapersona tiene una idea diferente.
Eachprovince has its capital city.3ada provincia tiene su ciudad
capital.
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3hey paid three dollars each.agaron tres d%lares por persona
(cada uno).
both (bu)- ambos, los dos
3ae this with bothhands.oma esto con ambas manos.
!otho 4ohn5s brothers wor there.
Ambos hermanos de 4ohn trabajan all. lie botho these boos.
e gustan estos dos libros. 6n bothsides o the river.
A ambos lados del ro.
either (der o "ider)- cual&uiera (de dos), ambos0 ninguno
(al negar)
7ou can tae eitherway.uedes tomar cual$uiera de los dos
caminos.
3here are trees on eitherside o the street.
5a" rboles a ambos lados de la calle.
do not lie eitherboo.
+o me gusta ninguno de los dos libros. have not seen
eitherilm.
+o he visto ninguna de las dos pelculas.
neither (nder o n"ider)- ninguno de los dos, ni el uno ni el
otro
have seen neitherilm.
+o he visto niguna de las dos pelculas.
Neithero my parents lives here.
+inguno de mis padres vive a$u. Neithero them nows the
answer.
+inguno de ellos (dos) sabe la respuesta. Neitherhouse is or
rent.
+inguna de las dos casas est en al$uiler.
another (ander)- otro0 otra
3hey bought anotherhouse.llos compraron otra casa.
o you need anothercopy2
/+ecesitas otra copia1
1e need anotherthree hours.+ecesitamos otras tres horas.
*e stayed there or anotherew days.
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l se $ued% all por algunos das ms.
other (der)- otro/sthe other (di der)- el otro / los otros
have many otherproblems.
engo muchos otros problemas. o you have any othershoes2
/ienes otros zapatos1 will paint the otherside o the wall.
intar! el otro lado del muro. The otherpeople were resting.
6as otras personas estaban descansando.
ronombres ersonales en nglsPersonal Pronouns
6os pronombres personales en ingl!s son tambi!n conocidos como
pronombres personales sujetos onominales. 7on a$uellos $ue refieren
a las personas gramaticales. 7on 8, "ou, he, she, it, 9e, "ou,
the".A$u encontrars ejemplos traducidos al espaol.
(i) - "oyou (i) - t' & ustedhe (j) - !lshe (sh) - ellait
(it) - !l &ello & ella (objeto)we (u) - nosotros &
nosotrasyou (i) - ustedes & vosotrosthey (di) - ellos &
ellas
("i)- yo
#am a teacher.(:o) so" un profesor.
#live in Argentina.(:o) vivo en Argentina.
you (i$)- t# / usted
%ouare not a teacher.(') no eres profesor.
http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#youhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#youhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#youhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#ithttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#ithttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#ithttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#wehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#wehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#wehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#you2http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#you2http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#you2http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#theyhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#theyhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#theyhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#theyhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#Ihttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#youhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#youhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#youhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#hehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#shehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#ithttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#ithttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#ithttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#wehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#wehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#wehttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#you2http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#you2http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#you2http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#theyhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#theyhttp://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/pronouns/pronouns-personal.php?week=01&res=122#they
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7/22/2019 Ingles Sherton
10/12
%oudon5t live in Argentina.(') no vives en Argentina.
he (&)- l
8ill is married.;ill est casado.
'ehas two children.(l) tiene dos hijos.
she (sh)- ella
9ary is not married.ar" no est casada.
hedoesn5t have any children.(lla) no tiene hijos.
it (it)- l /ello / ella (ob+eto)
#tis late already.s tarde "a. (referido a la hora)
have a house.#tis big. engo una casa. (lla) es grande.
we (u)- nosotros / nosotras
eare here to learn.(+osotros) estamos a$u para aprender.
ewant to learn soon. (+osotros) $ueremos aprender pronto.
you (i$)- ustedes / vosotros
%ouare students.(2osotros&
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7/22/2019 Ingles Sherton
11/12
resentPresent
l tiempo resent (presente) responde a la pregunta =hat happens1
> /0u! pasa1 o =hat ishappening1 > /0u! est pasando1. 7e
forma 7ujeto ? verbo en presente (8 9or@). 7ujeto ?
am&are&is ?verbo en progresivo (8 am 9or@ing).
;. resent
! work8 am 9or@ing
. ast perect! had worked8 had been 9or@ing
?. @uture! will work8 9ill be 9or@ing
. @uture perect! will have worked8 9ill have been 9or@ing
B. @uture (going to)! am going to work8 am going to be
9or@ing
C. @uture perect (going to)! am going to have worked8 am going
to have been 9or@ing
D. @uture in past
! was going to work8 9as going to be 9or@ing
;E. @uture perect in past
! was going to have worked8 9as going to have been 9or@ing
;;. onditional
! would work8 9ould be 9or@ing
;. 9odals F have
! (can" could" ###) have worked8 (can, could, ...) have
been9or@ing
;?. mperative=or@6etBs 9or@$imple %enses- 3ontinuous enses
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7/22/2019 Ingles Sherton
12/12
resent Simple
1hat happens2- /0u! pasa1 wor- rabajo
3he sun risesin the :ast and sets in the 1est.
l sol sale por el este " se pone por el oeste. 9r. 4acson*oesto
wor by ta$i every day.
l 7r. 4ac@son va en tai a trabajar todos los das.
1e sometimes dineat eter5s.
A veces cenamos en lo de eter.
always +a,e u-beore B a.m.
e despierto siempre a las CDD a.m. 1hen it rains, animals
findshelter under trees.
3uando llueve, los animales se refugian debajo de los rboles
Ge$ does not livein hicago.Ee no vive en 3hicago.
3hey are vegetarians so they do not eatmeat.7on vegetarianos por
lo $ue no comen carne.
*ow oten doyou ta,eyour dog or a wal2
/3ada cunto sacas a pasear a tu perro1
Does8etsys-ea,:nglish2
/;ets" habla ingl!s1
resent ontinuous
1hat is happening2- /0u! est pasando1 am woring- sto"
trabajando
7ou are readin*a sentence now.
