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Ingestion Pathway ExerciseA Discussion on FEMA Expectations of Demonstration of the Criteria
Greg VossFEMA Region VII Technical Hazards Branch
NEMA IPX TrainingFebruary 2019We’re contaminated.
EAT MORCHIKIN!
Incident Response Phases• Early Phase
• Can last from hours to days until the release has stopped
• Plume exercise
• Intermediate Phase
• Can last from a week to months
• Relocation, Re‐entry, Return, Ingestion Pathway
• Overlaps Early and Late Phases
• Late Phase
• Can last from months to years
• Recovery
Intermediate Goals• Identify areas exceeding relocation PAG’s from flyover or field team
data (soil samples) – Dose Assessment• Define Restricted Zone and Relocation areas • Relocate population from areas exceeding PAGS• Allow Re‐entry of persons into the Restricted/Relocation area for
vital functions or for evacuees to prepare for long term Relocation.• Allow Return of evacuees to non‐contaminated areas or areas not
exceeding the PAG’s• Establish guidelines for reducing exposure of non‐relocated
population
D2
Slide 3
D2 In Deb's PPT talk about how these things come into play and how different D&As will have roles and responsibilities in some fashion either directly at the state level or in support of localsDeb, 2/17/2019
Intermediate Goals• Identify agricultural facilities, water facilities, food, fish, wildlife, and assess
the radiological impacts associated with these• Perform detailed environmental monitoring• Identify and discuss essential infrastructure and routes and issues of
decontamination• Begin planning and implementing recovery activities
• “Advance Party ” meeting • Logistics• Issues
• Utilization of Federal resources (FRMAC, A‐Team, DOE RAP, etc.)• County/State players briefed on Relocation, Re‐entry and Return based on flyover
map• Sampling teams briefed, dispatched and demonstrate procedures• Lab analysis results along with FRMAC maps and fly over data are continuously
reviewed• Relocation areas, Re‐entry instructions, Return of evacuees are continually
evaluated• Food, water, forage, wildlife, infrastructure issues evaluated and addressed• Time jumps of a few days and then weeks occur and the entire process is repeated
for each time interval. PARs are revised, and local authorities are apprised of the new conditions.
• Continue to provide update briefs to County/State players
Key Points to Show
Re‐location• Fly‐over data
• Ground deposition
• Includes area(s) not previously evacuated
• Sampling plan
• Dose assessment of samples
• Recommendation of restricted area
• Develop implementation plan
Applying Relocation PAGs• Creation of a Relocation area may result in:
• Relocation of Early Phase evacuees• Relocation of persons not previously evacuated• Return of evacuees who reside outside of the Relocation area
Relocation Activities• Establishment of Restricted Area
• New boundaries defined based on monitoring and sample results
• Long‐term Relocation of residents as necessary• Coordination with local officials
• Area boundaries and buffer zones• Access control and security
Relocation• What needs to happen now?
• How will the State and Local officials coordinate activities?
• Who will decide what will happen?• How are Relocation decisions implemented?• How are Relocation decisions communicated to the public?
• What sources of assistance could be available?
Re‐entry• Who is permitted to Re‐enter?
• Emergency workers & Public• Who will decide when Re‐entry is permitted?• How will the State and Local officials coordinate activities?
• Where is application made?• Parameters for Re‐entry• Process for approval• Health input on routes, stay times, protective actions?
• How is Re‐entry controlled?• Dedicated Access Control Points?• Who staffs?• Monitoring & Decontamination activities following Re‐entry
• How are Re‐entry options communicated to the public?• What does Re‐entry look like for an individual?
Return• Analysis of sample results and field readings lead to Return determinations
• How will the State and Local officials coordinate activities?
• Who will decide who can Return?• How is Return implemented?• How are Return decisions communicated to the public?
D5
Slide 11
D5 Late intermediate phase or when areas have been determined to be below PAG levels. How state will play a direct role, how it will play supporting role. It's not just the decisions to be made, it is fact finding, remediateion activities and then return activities.Deb, 2/17/2019
50‐Mile Ingestion Pathway Zone• Primary Concern –Contamination of agricultural products, water supplies, and other food stuffs
• Indirect risk to public health and safety
Ingestion Pathway Objectives• Preventative protective actions• Identify the land area possibly contaminated• Develop and implement a radiological monitoring and sampling plan
• Perform laboratory analysis of samples• Calculate exposures from various pathways (milk, water, food)
• Select and implement additional protective actions
• Coordinate with federal, state and local agencies
D6
Slide 13
D6 How these objectives relate to the overal response and again, how communications, coordiantion, decisionmaking and support occurs at and with varioius levels including partners and stakeholders.Deb, 2/17/2019
Use of Resources• Plans and procedures for PAGs or use EPA PAGs• Location data for dairies, crops, food products, water sources, etc.
• Confer with FRMAC, A‐Team, DOE RAP Team, etc.
Assessment• Sampling priorities
• Dairies and milk processing plants• Grain and forage• Fresh produce and processors• Meat• Water
• Projecting doses using DILs• Food PAGs (anything a human would eat)• Drinking water PAGs (all surface water)• Forage PAG (anything an animal would eat)
• Recommendations to decision‐makers
Implementation• Decisions on implementing actions
• Embargoes/quarantines• Relaxing embargoed/quarantined areas• Revised as data becomes available on the extent of radioactive contamination
• Actions coordinated and communicated
Ingestion Protective Actions• Restrictions on cultivating, disking, or harvesting
• Restrictions on fishing –catch and release
• Delay slaughter of animals• Removal of dairy animals from pasture
• Control of food product into and out of the affected area
• Protective clothing and respiratory protection when working outside
• Removal of outer clothing before going indoors
Protective Actions for Food/Forage• Preventative (minimize contamination to milk and food)
• Removing milk and meat animals from pasture (early and intermediate phases)
• Washing, scrubbing, peeling, or shelling fruits and vegetables to remove surface contamination.
• No hunting or fishing
• Emergency• Embargoes/quarantine of agricultural activities in a defined
area• Continue to enforce• Impose new• Relax existing
Protective Actions for Water• Wait for flow‐by• Ration clean water supplies• Treat contaminated water• Activate existing connections to neighboring systems• Establish pipeline connections to closest sources/systems• Import water in tanker trucks• Import bottled water
QUESTIONS