Infrastructure Sharing _Telecom

8/8/2019 Infrastructure Sharing _Telecom

1/44

1

InfrastructureSharing:InfrastructureSharing:

CaseStudyIndiaCaseStudyIndia

ITU ASP COE Workshopon

Infrastructure Sharing

31 August -3 September 2010Bangkok, Thailand

ITU ASP COE WorkshopITU ASP COE Workshoponon

Infrastructure SharingInfrastructure Sharing

31 August31 August --3 September 20103 September 2010Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand

RakeshKumarGujral,DeputyAdvisorTelecomRegulatoryAuthorityofIndia


2/44

Overview

Overview

2

Overview

BriefonIndianTelecomIndustry

Infrastructure

Sharing:

Need

&

Scope

InfrastructureSharinginpractice

Policyand

Regulatory

initiatives

PresentStatus

Conclusions


3/44

Ind

ianTelecomS

cenario

(June

10)

3

SnapshotIndia

Population 1.17billion1.17billion

3.28millionSq.3.28millionSq.KmsKms

671.69million671.69million

56.83%56.83%





Teledensity

Fixedline

subscriber

Wirelesssubscriber

Monthlymobileadditions

Geographicalarea

Telecomsubscribers

Broadbandsubscribers


4/44

Telecom

Licens

ingFra

mework

4

LicensingFramework

India is divided into 22 Service

Areas/Circles

Access Providers licensed on thebasisofCircles

Inter Circle calls to be routedthrough National Long Distance

Operator.

International Calls to be routedthrough International Long

Distance

Operator

(ILDO)

directly

orindirectlythroughNLDO

METRO Circles

Gujarat

Rajasthan

MaharashtraOrissa

Andhra

Pradesh

Karnataka

Tamil

NaduKerala

Madhya

Pradesh

Uttar

Pradesh E

Bihar

West

Bengal

Punjab

Himachal

Pradesh

Haryana

Jammu &

Kashmir

Uttar

Prade

sh W

CHENNAI

MUMBAI

DELHI

KOLKATA

C Circles

B Circles

A Circles


5/44

TelecomLi

censingFramework(Con

td.)

5

Licensor

DeptofTelecom

UnifiedAccessService

Basic Service

InternetService

Provider

NationalLongDistance

InternationalLongDistance

Regulator

TelecomRegulatory

AuthorityofIndia

Judiciary

TelecomDispute

SettlementAppellate

Tribunal

MainTelecom

Licence

Cellular Mobile


6/44

TelecomLic

ensing

Framework(Contd.)

6

Licence TelecomServicesProvided No.ofLicencees

BasicService Wireline Telephony,

WLL

2

CellularMobileTelecomService

WirelessTelephony38

UnifiedAccess

Service

AccessserviceincludingWireline,Wireless

Telephony,Internetaccessservices,Triple

PlayincludingIPTV

240

NationalLong

Distance

DomesticLongDistanceservice,IPVPN,

DomesticLeasedCircuits

29

International

LongDistance

InternationalLongDistanceservice,IPVPN,

IPLC 24

InternetService

Provider

InternetAccessService,RestrictedInternettelephony 373


7/44

TelecomLicensingFramework(Con

td.)

7

InfrastructureProvider

Aug. 2000Aug. 2000

IP-IIP-IIP-IIIP-II

can provide assetssuch as Dark Fibre,Right of Way, Ductspace & Tower

Permission through

simple registration

No License Fee

100% FDI

Scope Enhanced(March 2009)

Can create activeinfrastructure, ifcreated on behalf

of licencee

can lease / rent out/sell end to end

bandwidth

Indian registeredcompanies are eligibleto apply

74% FDI

Issuance discontinued(Dec 2005)

NLD entry fee reduced(Rs.1 billion to Rs 25 Mn)

NLD Licence fee reduced(15% to 6% of AGR)

IP-II allowed to migrateto NLD


8/44

TariffsandIUC

8

Tariffs

Regulatedintheinitialdays.

Afteremergenceofcompetitionbrought under forbearance except roaming, leased circuits and

ruralfixedline.

InterconnectionUsageCharges

InterconnectionUsagecharges(IUC)werespecifiedbyTRAIfor

interoperator

payments.

GovernedbyIUCRegulations. Recent amendment dated 9th March 2009 (effective from

01.04.2009)


9/44

ExistingIUC

9

ExistingInterconnectionUsageCharge

OriginationCharge UnderForbearance

Uniformfor

all

types

of

domestic

calls viz fixed

to

fixed,fixedtomobile,mobiletofixedandmobile

tomobile.

2020PaisePaise/minute(/minute(about4Cents/minute))

Sameas

2G

voice

calls

40 paise perminute((about8Cents/minute))

Ceilingof Rs 0.65perminute

((about13Cents/minute))

UnderForbearance.

Under forbearance. However, these charges

should be transparent, reciprocal and non

discriminatory.

Termination charge for

incoming international

calls

DomesticCarriagecharge

International Carriage

Charge

TerminationCharge

Terminationcharge

for

3G

voicecalls

IUCforSMS


10/44

ARPU&MOU

10

ARPU&MOU ofMobileServiceProviders (QEMarch2010)

GSMSubscriber 82%

18%

INR131INR131

(about2.79

USD)

INR76INR76

(about1.62USD)

410Minute410

Minute

307Minute307Minute

AverageRevenuePerUser(ARPU)CDMA

Minutes

of

Usage

(MOU)

GSM

CDMASubscribers

AverageRevenuePerUser(ARPU)GSM

MinutesofUsage(MOU)CDMA


11/44

Mobile

Network

11

ServiceProviderwisemarketshareofWirelessservices(Ason

30.06.2010)


12/44

N

eedforInfrastructure

Sharin

g

12

:

Infrastructure

Sharing

The

answer

is

Explosivemobilesubscribergrowth requires:

NewInfrastructureliketowersetc

Additionalspaceforhostingoftowers

Additionalspectrum

Moreinterconnection.

Disturbesthetic

of

Cities

Disturb

esthetic

of

Cities

Underserved areas coverage

Infrastructure creation requires huge capital expenditure


13/44


14/44

In

frastructureSh

aringinPractice

14

Infrastructure

Sharing

Modes

Passive Mobile N/w(e.g. Tower)

Domestic LeasedCircuits

Collocation

Fiber

Spectrum

Active Mobile N/w(Excluding Spectrum)

Cable Landing

Station

Internet Exchange

IN Platform

National & Intra CircleRoaming

Copper


15/44

SharingofCoppe

r

15

SharingofCopper(Localloop)

Subscribers in Million ason 31st March of the Year

41.54 4 0 .7 5 3 9 .4 2 37.96 36.9652.22

98.77

165.11

261.07

391.76

584.32

41.43

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

W i re li ne W i re le ss

% Market share

as on 30th June 2010

Reliance

3%

Tata

3%

Shyam

0.1%HFCL

0.5%

Bharti

9%

MTNL

10%

BSNL

75%FixedWirelineMarket

Historically been dominated by

theincumbents.

Growthwassteadyovertheyears

untilaround

2004.

Thereafter, Fixed mobile

substitution setting in, there has

been

negative

growth

in

fixed

line

connections.

SharingofCopper(LocalLoop)

NotMandated

LimitedAvailability

of

copper.

The growth in Copper network is

dismal.


16/44

Mobile

Network

16

MobileNetwork

Physical Sites

BuildingsSheltersTowersPowerBattery

backup

PassiveInfrastructure

PassiveInfrastructure Active

Infrastructure

Active

Infrastructure

IntermediateLinks

betweenthe Core &

Sub networks

BackhaulBackhaul

Antenna

FeederCablesNode-B

Tx. eqpmtSpectrum


17/44

MobileNetw

ork(Contd..)

17

Passive Site Sharing: Operators acquire and rent a common site to hostthe Base Transceiver Station (BTS) space in shelter or transmissionroom, real estate space etc.

Active Site Sharing: Operators agree to share active equipments suchas antenna systems, cables, filters, etc.A common site is acquired for the purpose of housing the operators

individual Node B along with the use of common antennas and feeders,masts and cables.

TRAIs recommendations to the licensor (DoT) on


18/44

TRAIsRecomm

endation

sof2007

18

TRAI s recommendations to the licensor (DoT) onInfrastructure Sharing (11 April 2007)

Passiveinfrastructuresharingnotmandatedthoughencouraged.

Active infrastructure sharing facilitated by modifying restrictiveclausesintheexistinglicenses.

TRAI recommended that Access providers to be allowed

toshare

active

infrastructure,

limited

to

antenna,

feeder

cable, Node B, Radio Access network (RAN) andtransmissionsystemonly.

SpectrumSharingwasnotrecommendedatthattime.

Financial support for creation of infrastructure in rural and farflungareaswasrecommended.

Use of non conventional energy sources in areas where electric

powersupply

is

erratic

should

be

encourage.

RecommendationsacceptedbytheGovernment

GuidelinesreleasedinApril2008


19/44

TowerShar

ing

PROJECTMOST

Toencouragetowersharingamongtheoperators,Govt.of India initiatedprojectMobileOperatorSharedTower(MOST) inMarch2006.

FlagshipSight:DelhiHighcourt

2RooftopTowersof15meterheight.

FirstTower

3OperatorSharing(GSM) Airtel,Hutch &Idea

SingleTowersupporting9GSM&3Microwaveantenna.

SecondTower

3Operators

Sharing

(1

GSM

+2CDMA)

(MTNL,

Reliance

&

TTSL)


20/44

TowerShar

ing(Con

td..)

PROJECTMOST

GroundBasedTowersof40Meterheight

6OperatorSharing

(4GSM

+

2

CDMA)

Airtel,

Hutch,

Idea,MTNL,Reliance&TTSL

Single Tower supporting 12 GSM, 6CDMA&6MicrowaveAntennas

TowerDesign

Certified

by

IIT,

Delhi


21/44

Tower

Sharing Source: IDBI Bank

Level of Tower Sharing

Shared

Towers

60%

Unshared

Towers

40%

TowerSharing

Estimated requirement of towers is0.5millionby2015.

Tower infrastructure is increasingly

becoming

independent

of

telecomoperators.

At present there are about 0.3millionTowers.

About60%

towers

are

being

shared.

AverageTenancyisabout1.5.


22/44

TowerShar

ing(Con

td..)

22

BusinessmodelsusedforTowerSharing

Captive

Towersareowned&operatedbytelecomoperators.

Operator Controlled entity

Operatorconsolidatestowerinfrastructure& Transfertoaseparateoperatorownedentity.

(WTTIL,BhartiInfratel,RelianceInfratel)

Pool and share

Operatorsjointly

set

up

an

independent

company.

Eachoperatorcontributes infrastructure to thejoint entity orventure.Indus(Bharti,Vodafone,Idea)

Build and operate

Independent tower companies builds & manages towerinfrastructure.

Leasedtooperatorsunderlongtermcontracts.(e.g. Quippo,ATC,Towervision)

Tower camouflaged as a tree


23/44

InnovationsinTowerDesigning

23

Tower Tube

The Wall Street JournalTechnology Innovation Award 2008

Tower camouflaged as a tree


24/44

TowerShar

ing(Con

td..)

24

Increasedlevelofsharing:Issues

Largeno.

of

antennas

on

atower:

concern

of

radiation

LoadBearingCapacity

Installedontherooftop:Safetyissues

PermissionfromLocalCivicAuthorities.

Right of way (ROW) for tower installation and laying of backhaul

network. PollutiongeneratedthroughDGsets.

TRAI is in the process of issuing consultation paper on the

aboveissues.

Withthepriorpermissionofthelicensor


25/44

SpectrumSharin

g

25

SharingofSpectrum

Existinglicenseconditions

donotallowSpectrum

sharing.

TRAIin

its

recommendationsdated

11thMay2010

reconsideredthisissue.

TRAIrecommendedthat

spectrumsharingbe

allowed(limited

to

access

spectrumonly),subjectto

p p

Permissionformax.5years.Norenewal.

Inthesamelicence servicearea.

Only between the parties so long as each of

whomdoesnotholdmorethan4.4/2.5MHz

ofspectrum(GSM/CDMA).

Only

if

there

are

at

least

six

operators

in

the

LSA,postsharingarrangement.

Not permitted among licensees having 3G

spectrum.

Leasingnotpermitted.

Will deemed to be considered sharing theirentirespectrum,forthepurposeofcharging.

Boththepartieswillpaytheproratedcurrentpriceforspectrumbeyond6.2/5MHz, intheratio

of

the

spectrum

held

by

them

individually.

Spectrum usage charges will be levied onboth,butonthetotalspectrumheldbyboththeoperatorstogether.


26/44

National

Roaming

26

NationalRoaming

Roaming: Ability for a cellular subscriber to make & receive calls

and

have

access

to

services,

when

travelling

outside

the

geographicalcoverage

area

of

the

home

network

by

means

of

using

avisitednetwork.

When

home

network

and

visited

network

are

both

in

the

same

country,itiscallednationalroaming.

National roaming is relevant for India as the licences are serviceareawise.

Roaming arrangements between the operators are on mutualagreementbasis.

Ceilinghas

been

specified

by

TRAI

for

roaming

tariffs.

http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/trai/upload/TariffOrders/61/torder24jan07.pdf
http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/trai/upload/TariffOrders/61/torder24jan07.pdfhttp://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/trai/upload/TariffOrders/61/torder24jan07.pdf


27/44

IntraCircleRoaming

27

IntraCircleRoaming

IntraCircle

Roaming

is

permitted

since

June

2008.

Service providers can enter into commercial arrangementsfor intra circle roaming facilities with other licences

CMTS/UASlicense.

Serviceprovidersaremandatedto informLawenforcementagencies(LEA)abouttheirintracircleroamingarrangements.

Some

of

the

service

providers

already

entered

into

such

agreements.

SuchinitiativehasbenefitedNewlicencees:

to

quickly

expand

coverage

and

ininstanceswhereinitialcashflowislimited.


28/44

3G&

BWA

28

3GandBWA

In India, auctions for 3G and BWA has been recentlycompleted.

Apart from State owned PSU, three private operators in a

service area have been given spectrum of 5Mhz for 3G. For provision of BWA, two private operators and the Stateowned PSU were given 20 MHz.

3G technology requires dense coverage and would require

a number of base stations to deliver capacity as perdemand.

Existing towers can be used.

Proper infrastructure sharing can act as a better solution forfaster rollout.

Inter operator Sharing of IN Platform


29/44

INPlatformSharing

29

InteroperatorSharingofINPlatform

Intelligent Network: Telecommunication Network Architecture

for provisioning of advanced Services which are not normallyavailable in the switching systems.e.g. Virtual Calling Cards (VCC), Free phone services,Televoting etc.

Prior to issue of IN services Regulation, the subscribers wereable to access the IN services of their own Access ServiceProvider.

To ensure that subscriber should be able to access, IN

services of all other service providers, TRAI issued IntelligentNetwork Services in Multi Operator Multi Service ScenarioRegulations, 2006 (13 of 2006) in November 2006.

For free phone services, most of the service providers have

entered into arrangements on mutual agreement basis TRAI has specified origination charge for IN based free phone

service on 5th December, 2007.


30/44

INPlatformSharing(Contd..)

30

CallingCardsbyLongDistanceServiceProviders

To provide choice to the consumer to select long distance

operator

Tofurtherenhancecompetition

TRAI has recommended to the DOT in August 2008 to allow

NLDOs /ILDOs to

have

direct

access

to

consumers

for

provision

of national and international voice telephony services,

respectively,throughcallingcards.

Recommendationsaccepted

by

the

Government.

NLD/ILDlicenseamendedaccordingly(August2009).

Collocation facilities


31/44

Collo

cation

31

Collocationfacilities

For the purposes of providing interconnection, certainequipment has to be placed or collocated at the one service

providers exchange by the other service provider.

Types: (a) Physical Collocation (b) Virtual Collocation

The Collocation facilities include:

Building Space Power

Environmental Services

Security

Site maintenance To frame guidelines so that the fixation of Collocation

Charges by service providers is not done arbitrarily and isbased on use of sound criteria, TRAI issued a consultationpaper on Collocation Charges (March 2010).

OHD held on 6/8/2010, Service Providers assured todiscuss amongst themselves and come back withconsensus on charges.

PoP of

NLDO

PoP ofNLDO

PoP of

Access

PoP of

Access


32/44

SharingofDome

sticLeasedCircuit

32

Customer

PoP

NLDOAccess

Segment

Access

Segment

Trunk

Segment

Customer Site

Local Lead Local Lead

End-to-End

Domestic Leased

Circuit (DLC)

Local Lead Local Lead

Provider Provider

Customer

PoP

DomesticLeasedCircuits

Asondate,domesticbandwidthcanbeprovidedtoenduserbyAccess

Provideror

NLDO.

TariffsforDLCareregulatedandprescribedinTTO.

TRAIissuedDLCRegulationson14th September2007 :

Toensuretransparency,reasonableness

ToallowprovisionofDLC/localleadinanondiscriminatory

manner


33/44

FiberSharing

33

OpticalFiber

Advantages:

Necessary to support high bandwidth requirement in Corenetwork.

Alsodesirableinaccessnetwork Reliable,stableandlongtermsolution. CanprovideenormousbandwidthtosupportBroadband. Capacity

of

the

Optical

fiber

to

carry

information

can

be

enormouslyenhancedbyjustupgradingtheendequipments.

Presently about 7,50,000 route Km of optical fiber network isavailableinIndia.

It

includes

5,00,000

route

Km

optical

fiber

network

of

stateownedBSNL.

TRAIs consultation paper dated 10.06.2010 on NationalBroadbandplan emphasizedtheneedtobuildNationalOptical

FiberNetwork,

which

extends

up

to

village

level.

NationalOpticalFiberNetwork isproposedtobesharedamongoperators.

Proposed National Optical Fiber Net ork


34/44

FiberSharing(Co

ntd..)

34

ProposedNationalOpticalFiber Network

Optionsforfunding

TRAI

estimated

cost

for

covering

all

villages

with

optical

fiber

(excludingRoW Cost)Rs 323billion(Approx).

Optionssuggestedforfundingintheconsultationpaper:

Fundingthrough

USOF

(if labour cost

can

be

managed

throughotherongoingprojects).

CreationofanAutonomousNationalLevelAgency.

AllOpticalfibernetworkresourcesmaybehandledbythis

agencyfor

laying,

maintenance

and

leasing

purposes.

SuchOFstructureshallbesharedbyallPublic/Privateusers.

PPP

Consortium

IPLC &Resale


35/44

IP

LC

35

TRAIhasprescribedtariffsforIPLCinTTO.

Earlier,IPLC

can

be

provided

only

by

International

Long

Distance

Operators

(ILDOs).

To promote competition and affordability in International Private LeasedCircuits(IPLC)Segment TRAIrecommendedforResaleinIPLCSegment.

Resale isthe

sale

or

lease

of

telecom

services

to

an

end

consumer

on retail basis after leasing from a telecom service provider oncommercialbasisatwholesaleprices.

The Resellers can access the subscribers for provision of IPLC onlyand

not

for

any

other

purpose.

Promotenonfacility/minimumfacilitybasedcompetition

RecommendationsacceptedbyLicensor

LicenceagreementforResaleofIPLCServicemaybeseenathttp://www.dot.gov.in/Resale%20of%20IPLC/Resale%20of%20IPLCindex.htm

SharingAtSubmarineCableLandingStation
http://www.dot.gov.in/Resale%20of%20IPLC/Resale%20of%20IPLC-index.htmhttp://www.dot.gov.in/Resale%20of%20IPLC/Resale%20of%20IPLC-index.htmhttp://www.dot.gov.in/Resale%20of%20IPLC/Resale%20of%20IPLC-index.htmhttp://www.dot.gov.in/Resale%20of%20IPLC/Resale%20of%20IPLC-index.htm


36/44

CableLan

dingSta

tion

36

AnumberofsubmarinecablesarelandingorterminatinginIndiaatCLSoperatedandmanagedbyfewILDOs.

Source: TRAI Consultation Paper dated 13th April 2007

Capacities of Submarine Cables in India (October 2006)

Sharing At Submarine Cable Landing Station


37/44

Cable

Landing

Station(Contd..)

37

SharingAtSubmarineCableLandingStation

AccesstotheseCLSbyotherlicenseesisnecessaryfor

creating

aconducive

environment

&

boosting competition in the international bandwidthconnectivity.

TRAI issued Regulations on International Telecommunication

Access

to

Essential

Facilities

at

Cable

Landing

Stations

Regulations,2007 on

7th

June

2007.

Theregulationsprovidesfor

- Timelimitforprovisionofaccess,collocationandlandingfacilities.

The

owners

of

CLS

are

mandated

to

publish

Cable

Landing

Station Reference Interconnect Offer (CLSRIO) with theapprovaloftheAuthority.

Transparentchargesforaccess,collocationandlandingfacilities;

This regulation has been enabling nondiscriminatory, fair andopenaccessatthecablelandingstations.


38/44

Internet

Exchange

38

NationalInternetExchangeOfIndia(NIXI)

Set up on the recommendation of TRAI by Department ofInformationTechnology(DIT),GovernmentofIndiain2003.

Purpose :Tofacilitateexchangeof Internettrafficoriginatedand

destined within the country among peering Internet Service

Provider(ISP)

members.

ThekeyobjectiveofNIXIisto:

enabledomesticbandwidthutilization for routingof thedomestictraffic.

improvement

in QoS in

terms

of

lower

latency

andnumberofhops.

help to effectively utilize International InternetbandwidthforroutingInternationalInternettraffic.

TRAIalsorecommendedto improveeffectivenessofNIXI,on20th

April2007.

Presently 7 nodes of NIXI are operational and 2 are underway.(Moredetailsmaybeseenatwww.nixi.in ).

USOFund&InfrastructureSharing
http://www.nixi.in/http://www.nixi.in/


39/44

USO

Fund

39

About71%ofthepopulationresidesinruralareas.

Liberalization & Competition is not enough for rural areas

penetrationdueto:

ScatteredPopulation

Lowincome

Low

Usage LackofIndustry/CommercialUser

LackofInfrastructure,Road,Poweretc

DifficultTerrain

HigherCAPEX

&

OPEX

and

Low

ARPU

Constrainsinbothsupplyanddemandside

Role of USO is to provide Access in rural and remote areas ataffordablerates.

InIndia,

USO

Fund

was

setup

in

2002.

EncouragesharingofInfrastructureatdiscountedratesisoneofthewayadoptedbyUSOAdministratorstofulfilltheirRole.

Infrastructure Support For Mobile Services


40/44

SupportfromUSO

Fund

40

InfrastructureSupportForMobileServices

One of the project supported by USO is Infrastructure support

formobile

services.

This project was started in October 2006 to createinfrastructureforrollingoutmobileservicesinruralareas.

Projectconsistsoftwoparts:

Ist part : Setting up of passive infrastructure sitescomprising of land, tower, electric power connection,power backup (generator) etc. in identified rural andremoteareas.

IIndPart :Provisioningofmobilesservicesbyaccessserviceproviders by BTS equipments installation with associatedantennaandbackhaul.

Initially

the

infrastructure

created

will

be

for

voice

telephonywhich

can

later

be

used

for

broadband

services

aswell.

InfrastructureSupportForMobileServices


41/44

SupportfromUSO

Fund

41

pp

Part I

TheInfrastructure

Provider

(IP)

shall

be

solely

responsible

to

set

up,operateandmaintaininfrastructuresite.

The infrastructure so created shall be shared by maximum 3USPs to provide mobile services by installing necessary

equipments. Subsidy ispayable foramaximumperiodof5yearswithinthe

validityperiodofagreement.

IPshallenterintoSLAwiththe USPs for5yearsperiodtoensure

continuedprovision

of

services.

IPshallnotchargeanyrentalfromthe USPs duringthisperiod.

Thenewtower/infrastructuresitesshallnotbeinstalledwithin

3

Km

radius

of

already

installed

by

any

access

provider

for

providingfixed

wireless

or

mobile

services.

Conclusions

I t i h th b f t


42/44

Conclusions

42

In countries, where the number of operators areconsiderably large, the environment is conducive for

infrastructure sharing. Regulators and policy makers should encourage

sharing of infrastructure.

Passive infrastructure sharing among service providers

on mutual agreement basis may be preferred ratherthan regulatory mandates.

Infrastructure sharing is usually commercially driven,however constant regulatory watch and time to time

appropriate broad guidelines are necessary. Facilitation of active infrastructure sharing is required

however to allow sharing of some of the activecomponents like spectrum, requires more marketspecific analysis.

Focus should also be on the nationwide infrastructurecreation like National Fiber Network. This will promotebroadband in uneconomic areas thereby reduce digitaldivide.

Conclusions


43/44

Conclusions

43

Conclusions

Use of non conventional energy sources must be

encouraged. Financial support for creation of infrastructure in rural

and far flung areas.


44/44

9/2/2010 TRAI 44

R K GujralDeputy Advisor

(Interconnection & Fixed Networks)Telecom Regulatory Authority of IndiaJ.L. Nehru Marg, New Delhi 110002

Email: [email protected]

R K GujralDeputy Advisor

(Interconnection & Fixed Networks)Telecom Regulatory Authority of IndiaJ.L. Nehru Marg, New Delhi 110002

Email: [email protected]

ThankYouThank

You

44

Documents

Infrastructure Sharing _Telecom