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Information Visualization Applications and
Implications
Ming Bi
05/22/2001
When there is no vision, the people perish
Information VisualizationInformation Visualization
Definition of Information visualization Information visualization is the use of computer
supported interactive visual representation of abstract data to amplify cognition
GoalsDiscoveryDecision makingExplanation
Information VisualizationInformation Visualization
Mantra for DesignersOverview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand
Other tasks need to be supportedExtraction of objects for further examination or
consultation with othersHistory keeping to record the user’s actions and results
List of ApplicationsList of Applications
Statistical and Categorical DataDigital LibrariesPersonal ServicesComplex DocumentsHistoriesClassificationsNetworks
Statistical and Categorical Data
Statistical and Categorical Data
Census, health, labor, economic, and other demographic data
Stocks, bonds, bank accounts, currency tradingSales by region, product, salesperson, customerManufacturing process supervisionDrug, chemical, material attributes
Statistical and Categorical Data
Statistical and Categorical Data
Information visualization provides significant advantages that complement spreadsheets, statistical packages and data mining tools
Table, Scatterplots, Parallel coordinates
Users seek to discover specific objects that best match their requirements
Users seek to discover understand patterns
Statistical and Categorical Data
Statistical and Categorical Data
Statistical and Categorical Data
Statistical and Categorical Data
Digital LibraryDigital LibraryBooks, films,videos, photos, maps,manuscripts, audio
recordingsPatents, scientific journal articles, legal citations and
statutesNewspaper and magazine articlesScientific and social science data setsWorld Wide Web pages
Digital LibraryDigital LibraryQuery preview indicate the cardinality of the result set
Mapping multidimensional document space into 2D or 3DPreviews are nicely complemented by overviews that are
constructed by representing each object in the collection in a 2D display
similar items may or may not be closed to each other
Personal ServicesPersonal ServicesTravel info on airlines, trains,hotels,restaurantsClassified ads for home, real estate, jobsConsumer comparisons of cars, TVsSports statisticsEntertainment eventsChallenge:
Complex criteria Flexible search strategies and easy relaxation of queries
Complex DocumentsComplex Documents
Biography, resume, annual reportBook, film, video, manuscript, audio recordingPatent, scientific article, treaty, contractSoftware module, data structure
tasks are varied: previews, key words search, content compare
HistoriesHistories
Exploration of temporal dataMedical patient historiesStudent, sales client, legal case, employment historiesEconomic trends, stocksProject management, Gantt charts, PERT-CPM
ClassificationsClassificationsClassification using hierarchies to help organize complex
information and reduce the amount of information people need to cope with at any time
Library subject headings, animal species, patent listingsTables of contents, organization chart, family trees
Tree structureshard disk data directories
node-link diagram, cone trees, tree maps using space-filling,hyperbolic trees, CHEOPS
Budgets, sales
ClassificationsClassifications
Classifications vary greatly in size and complexity
Flexible visualization tools are needed and task must deal with:
TopologyNodes with namesNode with names and attributes
NetworksNetworksNetwork is necessary because tree is inadequate to capture all relationships
among objects.Telecommunications connections and usageHighways, pipelines, electronic circuitsScientific articles or legal citationsSocial structures, organizational relationshipsWorld Wide Web
Challenge: elaborate topology, Large number of nodes, complexity of the tasks
Limitation and CautionsLimitation and Cautions
Limitation: Only for sighted peopleSonification or audiolization
Cautions: Many users may not be visual orientedPeople may misuse it and come to wrong conclusionsIncompatible formats for data, nonstandard widgets and
inconsistent terminology--can be overcome
ImplicationsImplicationsInformation visualization will be popular tools for most
computer usersPersonal services are likely to be the largest area of
commercial applicationsThe most likely profession for substantial change is
medicineProvide more thorough and appropriate sets of
precedents and statute for legal research
ImplicationsImplications
Financial analysts use dynamical of screen for more visual display and dynamical query to help filter out unwanted data
Scientific users become more sophisticated in their approach to research
Information visualization tools will be components of other application software like word processor
Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations
Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations
Advantages of 2D presentations2D screenvisual perception based on seeing 2D projection of 3D worlduser are familiar with paper presentation2D presentations are faster on computer2D presentation are simplertree structure more useful in 2D versions
Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations
Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations
Advantages of 3D presentations3D real world and experience based on movement in 3Ddevelopment of hardware/software will overcome the
technology difficult for 3D3D pointing devices and better control widget will enable
smooth navigation without disorientationmore information can be displayed on the screennetwork data structure more effective in 3D versions
Compromiser: there is room for both
Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations
Two-vs. Three-Dimensional Presentations
Proposed 3D applicationsImmersive Virtual EnvironmentSemi-immersive Virtual EnvironmentDesktop 3D for 3D worldsDesktop 3D for artificial worldsDesktop 3D for novel information spacesChartjunk 3D
Overview+Detail vs.Focus+Context
Overview+Detail vs.Focus+Context
Overview+Detail strategyIntegrate overview and details is cognitively for some viewerszoom factor-- the ratio of length of the diagonal in the detail
view to the length of the diagonal in the field view box: 5-15support zoom factors of 100 or 1000 when applied repeatedly
Focus+contextFisheye views, Bifocal lens: Greater potential for disorientationzoom factor-- the ratio of an object’s diagonal in the focus area
to the object’s diagonal in the context area: 2-5
Reengineering the DesktopReengineering the Desktop
Room strategy--workspace or virtual desktopElastic Windows3D worlds--WebbookPersonal Role Management strategyCoping with Multiple-valued attributes
represented as multiple items on a display
Understanding Human perception
Conclusion
Information Visualization is part of new mediabrings increased resources to the human in the form of
perceptual processing and expanded working memeoryreduce the search for informationenhance the recognition of patternsenables the use of perceptual inference and perceptual
monitoringitself is manipulable and interactive
Future TrendsFuture Trends
Entering the mainstreamMoving towards applicationsIntegrated packagesNetworksEducational Infrastructure
Unsolved problemsUnsolved problems
New metaphors/new visualizationsBringing science to the craftThe visualization of cyberspaceCollaborative visualizationA characterization of Information visualization down to the
operator level The perceptual analysis of dynamic information displayAdvances in the science of dynamic spatial cognitionA theory of knowledge crystallization