INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT 2 CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES

-ENGLISH UNIT-

VOCABULARY PRESENTATIONFOR ENG 205 COURSE

WEEKS 5-6-7

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYUNIT 2

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

What do you know about the following?Supercomputer

MainframeMinicomputerPersonal Computer (PC)


There are different types of computer of varying size and power, including the following:SupercomputerThis is the most powerful type of mainframe.


What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer?Since its creation in the 1960s, the supercomputer

has been used by a variety of large companies and colleges in an effort to conduct research that otherwise would not be possible. Because supercomputers can crunch numbers at a far superior rate than humans as well as work in a multidimensional way, the devices are essential to modern studies and research.


http://www.ehow.com/facts_5191532_uses-supercomputer_.html


What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer?Quantum Mechanics

Supercomputers are used heavily in the processing of information on quantum mechanics. They are used to study physical systems at the atomic level.




What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer?Weather

Large-scale weather forecasting, such as that of global climate change, needs to use supercomputers in order to take into account globally changing conditions.




What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer?Modeling

Intensive modeling is conducted using supercomputers. This is useful for molecular studies, polymer research, chemical composition and simulations such as wind tunnel research.




What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer?Military

Military applications are very elaborate. From organizing war games to studying the effects of nuclear detonations on a large scale, many militaries across the planet use supercomputers.




What Are the Uses of a Supercomputer?Grand Challenge

Unsolved problems (known as "Grand Challenge" problems) are frequently the subject of supercomputer use. Examples of this include mathematical problems and protein-folding techniques.




Another large and very powerful computer type is…

Mainframe

It’s large, very powerful, multi-user i.e. can be used by many people at the same time, multi-tasking i.e. can run many programs and process different sets of data at the same time.


Mainframe computers Mainframes (often referred to as Big Iron) are used

mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.


MinicomputersA minicomputer is a class of multi-user computers

that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user systems (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pdp7-oslo-2005.jpeg

Personal Computers (PCs)Single-user group of computers including;-desktop computers-workstation (used for graphic design, etc.)-portable PCs (can operate with batteries)-laptops-notebooks-handheld PCs (PDAs, pen-based computers etc.)


STARTER !!a. Supercomputer

b. Mainframe

c. Workstation

d. Desktop

e. Portable

f. Entertainment console

g. Mobile phone

The most powerful type of mainframe

Large, very powerful, multi-user & multi-tasking

The most powerful type of desktop, used for graphic design, etc.

Suitable size for sitting on an office desk

Can be carried around & can operate with batteries


Payroll data(n.phr.): A list of employees receiving wages or salaries, with the amounts due to each.

Whenever there is a change in the amounts of salary, the accountant has to rearrange the payroll.

Keep in touch with(phr.v): to maintain communication with someone; to maintain up-to-date knowledge about someone or something

After my neighbor moved, we still remained in touch.


Match the following devices to their possible users. (p.10)

a) Supercomputerb) Mainframec) Workstationd) Desktope) Portablef) Entertainment

Consoleg) Mobile phone

1) Student using a computer for entertainment while traveling

2) Large company processing payroll data3) Traveling salesperson giving marketing

presentations4) Large scientific organization processing work on

nuclear research5) Businessperson keeping in touch with clients while

traveling6) Graphic designer7) Secretary doing general office work


Answers1) f2) b3) e4) a5) g6) c7) d


What do these abbreviations mean?

1. CD-ROM

2. TFT

3. MB

4. GHz

5. FSB

6. SDRAM

7. XGA

Compact disk read only memory

Megabyte

Gigahertz

Front side bus

Synchronous dynamic random access memory

Extended graphics array

Thin film transistor

A set of connectors used for carrying signals btw the

different parts of a computer


New Vocabulary Process(v): To perform operations on data.e.g. The main processing chip

Processor(n): A part of a computer, such as the central processing unit, that performs calculations or other manipulations of data.

Hard drive (n.phr.) : A disk drive that reads data stored on hard disks. Also called hard disk drive


Multimedia features (n.phr.): relating to an application that can combine text, graphics, full-motion video, and sound into an integrated package

RAM (Random Access Memory): a type of memory that holds the program instructions and the data that is being used by the processor.


interface (n.): The layout of an application's graphic or textual controls in conjunction with the way the application responds to user activity


Synchronous(adj.): Occurring or existing at the same time

Asynchronous(adj.): not synchronous

A computer does a lot of synchronous deeds such as downloading a file and running anti virus program.

Output(n.) : the information, sound etc that get

out by the computerAdjust the sound output of your computer if

you are going to listen to a MP3CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

resolution (n.):

the amount of detail that you can see on a television or computer screen, or in a photograph

The screen resolution of newly produced HD Tvs is generally high.

How to read a computer ad (p.11)1. 1GB2. Hard drive, CD-RW drive3. 19”4. 3GHz5. 200GB6. Microsoft Windows XP professional7. Video card, integrated audio, CD-RW drive


What are the features of your computer?


SPEAKING TIME Ask questions to your partner so as to find out the features of

his/her computer. Note down his/her answers on the table.

How can you ask to learn about:

Processor typeProcessor speed

Bus speedMemory capacity

Memory speedMemory type

Hasd disk capacityScreen size

Screen resolution Optical drive speed


Cache(n): an area of a computer’s memory for storing information that is regularly needed Also called cache memory.

ROM(Read Only Memory)It holds the program instructions and settings required to

start up the computer.

Vocabulary


buffer (v.): To hold or collect (data) in an area temporarily

When you want to watch a video on the Internet, your computer buffers the data, then you can watch the video.

sequentially (adv.): in a particular orderIn some tasks sequential processing of data files is

needed


laborious (adj): requiring long, hard workAli spent many laborious hours on the project.

bottleneck(n):a specific problem in part of a process that causes delays to the whole process

We have been experiencing bottlenecks in production resulting in lack of spare parts.


adjacent (adj): being near or closeAdjacent information (adj. phr.): the information which is

related to the requested information

chunk (n): a large amount or part of somethingThat’s a big chunk of money to have to pay every month

logic circuit(n.phr.): A computer switching circuit that consists of a number of logic gates and performs logical operations on data.


cache coherency (n. phr.) refers to the integrity of data stored in local caches of a shared resource.


Vice versa: the opposite of what has been saidShould I come to your house or vice versa?

write-back cache (n.phr.): a buffer storage system where the processor writes changes only to the cache and not to the main memory.

write-through cache (n.phr): a buffer storage system where the processor writes directly to both cache and the main memory at the same time


Flag(v): to mark in a way that indicates a particular condition has occured

If you want to arrange your e-mails, you can flag them in the list of received e- mails.

anticipation (n): expectation, foreknowledgeI have the anticipation that you will all pass this course



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Motherboard_diagram.svg

FSB (front-side bus)In personal computers, the front-side bus (FSB) is the bus

that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge.

Bus: In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers.


READING (answers)1. The time it takes to move data in and out of

memory2. Cache3. The cache controller4. Write back cache5. Before using the space to cache new data6. When data in the cache is changed7. An algorithm


READING a. ivb. vic. vd. iiie. if. ii

a) Trueb) Falsec) Falsed) Truee) Truef) Falseg) True


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIT 2 CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT