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Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st
Century
Shri Rajeeva Ratna ShahSecretary
Department of Industrial Policy and PromotionMinistry of Commerce & Industry
Government of India
The Broadening Sphere of Information Technology
INFORMATIONDATA KNOWLEDGE
Cognition
Computation
Communication
Old EconomyCapitalist Society
(Legacy System)
New EconomyInformation Society (Knowledge Society)
Core: Competition is the key since capital is a limited and scarce resource
Core: Collaboration and sharing is the key since knowledge is inexhaustible
Capital diminishes with sharing
Knowledge increases with sharing
Capital investments are one time and subject to low obsolescence
Knowledge investments need continuous up-gradation and have high obsolescence
Knowledge of the 21st CenturySTHULA-JAGATSTHULA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGATMacrocosmMacrocosm Microcosm Microcosm
ATOMS
NANOTECH
NEURONS
NETWORKS
BITS
COMPUTERS
GENES
BIOTECH
Building Blocks & Knowledge Tools of 21st
Century
INDIA – GIANT STRIDES IN IT SECTOR
• Industry size US $ 14 billion: Export US $ 12 billion
• 2008 target export: US $ 50 billion
• CAGR (5 years):exceeding 50%
• Job creation: a million direct jobs & indirectly 2-3 Million jobs
• India is hosting 62 SEI/CMM – level 5 companies, which represents more than half of world total.
• 250 Fortune 500 companies are sourcing software service from India
• 250 Software companies in India have ISO – 9000 certification.
India as an International BPO Hub
Remote Delivery of Services
1. Custom Software2. Call Centers3. Transcription Services4. Transaction Services5. Engineering Design6. Product and Process Development
An Emerging $ 100-150 billion Global Outsourcing: Access to Low Cost Talent
COUNTRY ADVANTAGE LIKELY TO BE COMODITIZED
Task aggregationAnd process level
improvement
45-55
1530-35
Country advantage(45-55% savings)
Vendor advantage(30-40% savings)
OriginalCostbase
FactorCostSavings
AdditionalTelecom& manage-ment costs
Off-shoreLocationcost
Consoli-ation,Standar-Dization& superiorskills
TaskReengineering
Econo-mies ofscale
ProcessReengine-ering
New costbase
Task migration Task levelimprovement
100 60-65
10-15 8-135-7
3-5
Does notInclude gains fromOver-delivery and
continuousimprovement
INDIA AS AN EMERGING DESIGN SOURCE
• Hardware/embedded Software design emanating from MNC’s in India
• e.g. Philips DVD video codec; Apple iPod audio codec; TI OMAP; Microsoft J#; Adobe Reader for Palm & iPaq; Intel “start-up” utility; Cisco IOS core components; hp-ux, OpenView kernel; Oracle Pro c components
• “Hi-tech” hardware/software product design by Indian IT companiese.g. MBIL 3rd global optical disk manufacturer; VXL Instruments 3rd global terminal manufacturer; HiCal supplies magnetics for global No 1 mobile handset manufacturer; ImpulseSoft possibly the first global Bluetooth wireless earphone; Manmar imaging software for Ultrasound scanners; Purple Vision signal processor;
INDIA AS AN EMERGING R&D HUB
Microsoft, Intel, CISCO, DELL have major R&D centers in India – The biggest outside US
Monsato - R & D base in India - first outside USA
GE - T9he Jack Welch Research Center in Bangalore
HP Labs India has built a Prototype that Scan Handwritten Mail through a Small Handheld Device
The Daimler Chrysler Research Center in Bangalore engaged in Fundamental and Applied Research in Avionics, Simulation and Software Development
Whirlpool’s Pune Research Lab develops Refrigerators and Air Conditioners for Asia and Australia
GE Motors India Developed a Noiseless Motor for GE’s Most Sophisticated Washing Machine Lines in the USA
SUPERCOMPUTING
Advanced ComputingHigh Performance Computing Cluster Computing Parallel ProcessingVector Processing
Synonymous to Technologies which help in achieving high computational and storage capability for Mission Critical & Grand Challenge problems in Scientific & Engineering and now in Business computing domains.
High Performance Computing (HPC)
Key Technology
for Self-reliance
India Entered in Late 80s – Due to Export
Control
Significant Developments made since late 80’s
Strategic and Key Economic Sectoral Applications
EVOLUTION OF PARAM SUPER COMPUTERS
1 GFLOPS
1993 1995 1997 1999
PARAM 8000
PARAM 8600
PARAM 9000
PARAM Open Frame
PARAM 10000
Performance
Year 2000
PARAM
ANANT
5 GFLOPS
10 GFLOPS
20 GFLOPS
100 GFLOPS
1000 GFLOPS
2002
PARAM PADMA
1991
PARAM Padma
PARAM Padma (Param 20K)
One TF Peak Computing Power with several 100s GF Sustained Power on International Bench marks
5 TB Primary storage & 10 TB Secondary storage
Interconnect @ 2.5 GBPS two way with very low latency
Flexible and Scalable Program development, System Engineering and System Management tools
Applications of Supercomputing
• Bio technology & bio computation– Molecular Modeling– Genomic Sequencing
• Nano technology & nano computation• Atmospherics & Oceanics• Weather Forcasting• Climate modeling• Computational Fluid dynamics for Space Science
Applications• Seismic Data Processing • Structural Mechanics
Future Developments
IGrid –
A Project to Link 8 HPC Sites Providing 10 Teraflops of
Computing Power and Petabytes of Storage
Computational Grids – Connecting Number of
HPC Sites
I Grid
CHENNAIBANGALORE
HYDERABAD
MUMBAI
PUNE
DELHI
KANPUR GUWAHATI
KOLKATTA
CHENNAIBANGALORE
HYDERABAD
MUMBAI
PUNE
DELHI
KANPUR GUWAHATI
KOLKATTA
Applications of Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotech
•New crop research- transgenic crops•Bio fertilizers•Bio – pest control•Bio – resource Development i.e. Bio-Diversity Parks
Animal Biotech•Vaccines for animals•Acqua – culture/marine biotech•Seri - biotech
Medical Biotech•New drug discovery- Pharmaceutical biotech•Diagnostics Applications•Therapeutic Applications•Prophylactic biotech
Bio-informatics as a gateway to New Drug Discovery
Bio-informatics has been defined as the discipline that generates computational tools, databases, methods & procedures to support ‘genomic’ and ‘post genomic’ research. Bio-informatics has been also described as a graceful blending of computer science and bio-technology. Bio-technology per se is experimentation in-vivo (in real life) and in-vitro (in test tubes); bio-informatics carries the experimentation a step further and makes it in-silico (in silicon / micro chip).
Stupendous size of Genomic Data
• Genome sequencing taken up for 100 organisms
• Human Genome has 3.2 billion pairs of DNA sequences
• Data exploding @ 5000 DNA sequences or 2 million nucleotides/day
• Refinement, review, reclassification and annotation of the above data
Information explosion a challenge to Knowledge Management
Super computational support is required for numerous functions involved in post genomic
R&D
• in-silico-computation and in-silico simulation
• In silico - drug target identification
• In silico - drug design (pharmaco – genomics)
• In silico - toxicity testing
• In silico modelling
The experimental (left) and computational (right) hierarchies will increasingly become codependent as the research
community models greater biological complexity
Current and Expected Sustained Capability Requirements for Major Community
Problem Class Sustained Capability 1999
Sustained Capability 2010
Sequence assembly > 1012 flops 1014 flops
Binary sequence comparison
1012 flops > 1014 flops
Multiple sequence comparison
1012 flops > 1014 flops
Gene modeling > 1015 flops 1017 flops
Phylogeny trees 1011 flops 1013 flops
Protein family classification
> 1010 flops 1012 flops
IITs, CSIR Labs, DBT Labs Private Sector Players
(a) Delhi Cluster (1) ICGEB: International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
(2) CBT:Centre for Bio-Chem Technology(3) IIT - Delhi(4) JNU – Jawaharlal Nehru University(5) NII – National Institute of Immunology
(1) Spectramind e-services(2) Nicholas Piramal (3) TCG(4) Mascon Global Ltd.
(b) Calcutta Cluster
(1) Bose Institute(2) ISI: Indian Statistical Institute(3) IICB: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology(4) Deptt. of Biophysics & Molecular Biology(5) Jadavpur University(6) IIT - Khargpur
(1) TCG: The Chatterjee Group
(c) Bangalore Cluster
(1) IISc: Indian Institute of Science(2) IIT – Madras(3) Deptt. of Crystallography & Biophysics – Madras(4) Bio-informatics Centre – Madurai
(1) Strand Genomics(2) Metahelix(3) Kshema Technologies
(d) Hyderabad Cluster
(1) CCMB: Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology(2) CDFD: Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics
(1) Satyam Computers(2) TCS: Tata Consultancy
Services(3) Shanta Biotech
(e) Pune-Bombay Cluster
(1) Bio-informatics Centre(2) IIT – Bombay
Others(1) Avestha Gengrame (2) Syngene (3) DSQ - Software
EMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERYEMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERY RELATED BIOTECH R&D RELATED BIOTECH R&D
India’s Inherent Strengths
• High international profile of Software industry
• Vibrant pharmaceutical industry and rapidly emerging bio-tech industry
• World class network of educational and research institutions
• Rich Biodiversity
• Large population having reservoirs of valuable diagnostic and clinical data
• Known strengths in mathematics, logic and computational skills
Nano WorldNano World
Nanotechnology is concerned with the Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and manufacture of molecular design and manufacture of molecular scale devices by manipulation and scale devices by manipulation and placement of individual atoms and placement of individual atoms and molecules with precision on the molecules with precision on the atomic scale as opposed to the “top atomic scale as opposed to the “top down” fabrication techniques down” fabrication techniques employed in today’s microelectronics employed in today’s microelectronics technology.technology.
Dimensions in Scale
0.1 nm0.1 nm
0.01 mm0.01 mm10 nm10 nm
0.1 0.1 μμmm100 nm100 nm
0.01 mm0.01 mm10 10 μμmm
0.1 mm0.1 mm100 100 μμmm
1 cm1 cm10 mm10 mm1010-2-2 m m
1010-3-3 m m
1010-4-4 m m
1010-5-5 m m
1010-6-6 m m
1010-7-7 m m
1010-8-8 m m
1010-9-9 m m
1010-10-10 m m
Vis
ible
sp
ectr
um
1 nm1 nm
1 1 μμmm1000 nm1000 nm
0.1 cm0.1 cm1 mm1 mm
Atoms of siliconAtoms of siliconspacing ~tenths of nmspacing ~tenths of nm
Head of a pinHead of a pin1-2 mm1-2 mm
Red blood cellsRed blood cellswith white cell with white cell
~2-5 ~2-5 mm
DNADNA~2.5 nm ~2.5 nm
widthwidth
Human hairHuman hair~ 60-100 ~ 60-100 mm
1 nanometer (nm)
100 nanometers
The Nanoworld
Nano Scene Nano materials
Nano actuatorsNano sensors
Nano electronics
Nano systems
• Carbon nanotubes• Dielectric and ferroelectric Materials• Multifunctional polymers• Bio compatible materials Scalpel, tweezers & Nano tools
•
• • ••NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems)•Nano-machines and robots•Tele-surgery•Drug delivery•Reconfigurable Systems
• •
• • •
• Artificial muscle• Nano robot components• Nano- and Micro-pumps• Nano- and Micro-motors• • •
- Resonant Tunneling Devices- Single Electron Transistors- Quantum well structures- Memories- Logic circuits- IR Detectors- Sensors
The Importance of Large Domestic Markets:
With a Billion People India is a Latent World Scale Market.
The Emerging Market:Focus of Large Firms, NGOs and
Government
5-10 million, Rich
PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m
PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m
PPP $2-3,000, 150 m
PPP , $ 2000, 500 m
Large Firms
NGOs,Government
The Emerging Market: IndiaTraditional and Emerging Focus
5-10 million, Rich
PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m
PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m
PPP $2-3,000, 150 m
PPP > $ 2000, 500 m
Some MNCs?
LocalFirms
TraditionalMNC BusinessModel
FutureOpportunity?
The Poor Have Purchasing PowerWhat Durables Do they Own ?
Slums Chawls Others
Average Number Owned 5.4 6.5 8.7
Basic Kitchen Durables
- Gas Stove - Pressure Cooker - Mixer
5674
74
7089
81
82
8885
Conveniences - Fridge - Toaster - Washing Machine - Kitchen Sink - Telephone - Two Wheeler
24 1 2 321 0
38 210 827 4
601826315513
Entertainment
- TV - B/W - TV – Color - Cable (local) - 2 – in - 1
43476535
25677143
16797348
DIGITAL DIVIDE RESEARCH THEMES
Bits for All Link organic, affordable information devices (and
therefore people) in a cost-effective manner
Tomorrow’s Tools Devices to connect the digital
to the real world
• Integration of the research
• Allow villagers to express themselves
• Manage costs and finances
World Computer
An information technology device that can be used by anyone, irrespective of wealth, education or infrastructure availability
• Low cost • Minimal infrastructure operations • Usable by illiterates
Digital Village
• Focus on technologies that are:
– Relevant– High impact– Pervasive– Cutting edge– Cost-effective– Replicable– Scalable
PROJECTS UNDERWAY
Bits for All Rural WiFi
DakNet Digital Gangetic Plain
Off-line Internet Access Rural VOIP
Ad hoc networks Efficient networks
SACs
Tomorrow’s Tools Digital Craft Revival
Digital Music Infosculpture
Suchik Polysensors
Complex RF Imp Analysers UV-VIS Spectrometer
PowersensorsThinkCycle
BRICS Semantic Legacy document
Resistive interfaces Voice biometrics
World Computer
Rural OS
Speech Interfaces Visual Language Interfaces for All
Interlingua Web
Literacy Learning thru Pictures
Low cost computing
Community Connection Grassroots
ICT Digital Mandi
Infothela
SARICa:sh
Rural Hisaab Mapping for the Masses
Digital Village
New Projects Underway
DIGITAL DIVIDE PROJECTS CONTINUED
Communications Infrastructure
eGovernance & Education
Economic Development
Health & Agriculture
Communications & Content
Tomorrow’sTools
Bits For All
Interfaces, Sensors, & Tools
World Computer
Digital VillageApplications
& Services
Power Sensors
Gram ChitraNumeric Interfaces
DakNetRural p2p
Meshes
ca:sh BaatchitSARICensus
Rural VOIP& VMOIP
Infothela
UV-VIS Spectrometer
Digital Mandi
Suchik Rural Fab Lab PolySensors
802.rural
OS, Languages & Access Devices
Multi-LiterateInterfaces
Rural OS 1.0iPAQ
Simputer
Interlingua Web
BITS FOR ALL: 802.RURAL (AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATIONS)
DakNet
• Last-mile “seed”infrastructure• Store-and-forward wireless networking for rural connectivity• Mobile Access Points can be mounted on buses, mopeds…• High-bandwidth (supports voice and data transmission)• Pilot testing underway
• Last-20 mile solution• Antennas, repeaters, and multihop networking provide long-range broadband infrastructure• Experimental 802.11b Network connecting the Kanpur-Lucknow corridor (achieved more than 4Mb/s)
Rural Multihop
• Ubiquitous broadband coverage• Innovative routing algorithms enable mesh peer-to-peer networking• ML Asia uniquely positioned to lead in R&D efforts
Rural p2p Meshes
TOMORROW’S TOOLS: GRAM CHITRA
(E-GOVERNANCE PLATFORM, NATIONAL SECURITY)
• Low-cost GPS/GIS platform on handheld computers empowering villagers to create local maps
• Applications include: – Census data collection – Educating schoolchildren on
mapping – Automating land records – Epidemiological data
collection for infectious diseases
– Forestry management – Disaster management planning
• GPS.Everywhere
VALUE EXAMPLES
• Tests, demonstrates lower cost rural connectivity with telecom features
• Enables villages to receive apps, e- governance services along the rural communications wireless trunk
• Enables a new breed of apps, services to villages not typically connected by advanced communications
• Empowers village women, children to automatically create maps, collect info
• Enables quality state government decision- making
• Enables high quality census data collection from grassroots
• National ID card program
• Defence/security applications
• Water quality and medical extension
• Enables mobile data collection, monitoring & medical services in the midst of rural communities• Expands coverage significantly of delivering & monitoring rural healthcare, esp to women & children• Quality Information for decision-making• Quick tracking of disease patterns in rural communities
Rural Wi-Fi GIS CA:SH
AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE
DIGITAL VILLAGE: INFOTHELA(E-GOVERNANCE)
• “Information or e-Governance Cart” for providing and exchanging information
• Pedal driven vehicle outfitted with a PC on connected via wireless technology
• Pedaling charges battery pack
• Accommodates diagnostic equipments (e.g. blood pressure testing machine)
• Mobile platform for bringing ICTs directly to the user
The Dynamics of BOP Markets:1. The Poorest Live in Highest Cost Sub Economies2. They have Purchasing Power3. Significant % of Poor are Geographically
Concentrated4. The Rural/Urban Economic Divide is a Myth5. The Poor Accept New Technologies6. There is a Significant Multiplier Effect to Infrastructure Investments among the Poor7. Women are Key to Developing these Markets
We Need to go Beyond Quality:Scale and Geographic Scope
USA, Europe,
Japan
S.Korea,TaiwanFinland
Switzerland
Local Firms Global Firms
SmallDomesticMarket
WorldScaleDomestic Market
ChinaIndia,Brazil
ChinaIndia
Emerging Markets as the Test Bed of Innovation: Criteria
Innovative High Tech. Solutions
SustainableDevelopment
Scale of Operations
New Price-Perf. Levels
800 million Indian Consumers
4500 million Global
Consumers
INDIA HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND THE
MOSTINNOVATIVE MARKET FOR….
1. Cement2. Processed Food3. Confectionary4. Footwear5. Textiles6. Two Wheelers7. TVs8. Wireless Devices9. Public Transportation10.Waste Management
11. Water12. Primary Health13. Hospitality14. Retailing15. Agri Inputs16. Desert Farming17. Adult Education18. Art Restoration19. Solar Power20. Refrigeration
Thank You