Information Technology CareersInformation Technology Careers

Presented byPresented by

Doug Boyer and Bruce CarrellDoug Boyer and Bruce Carrell

Data Processing 101Data Processing 101

Early Information Technology Early Information Technology OccupationsOccupations

Card EditorCard Editor Key Punch OperatorKey Punch Operator Tab Machine OperatorTab Machine Operator Computer OperatorComputer Operator Computer ProgrammerComputer Programmer Systems AnalystSystems Analyst Data Processing ManagerData Processing Manager Tape LibrarianTape Librarian

BECarrell, Senior Programmer Analyst of LMI Aerospace, interviewed in person by DBoyer, 11/1/2004

The First Electronic Digital ComputerThe First Electronic Digital Computer

ENIAC – Electrical ENIAC – Electrical Numerical Integrator Numerical Integrator and Calculatorand Calculator

Contained 18,000 Contained 18,000 vacuum tubesvacuum tubes

Occupied 1,800 square Occupied 1,800 square feet of floor spacefeet of floor space

Used 180,000 watts of Used 180,000 watts of electrical powerelectrical power

Meyers, Jeremy, “A Short History of the Computer” http://www.softlord.com/comp 10/28/2004

So That’s A Punched Card!So That’s A Punched Card!

http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/cards.html, viewed 11/01/2004

IBM Tab MachinesIBM Tab Machines

http://www-1.ibm.com/history/exhibits/vintage/vintage_4506W2185.html, viewed 11/01/2004

IBM’s Early Systems - 1401IBM’s Early Systems - 1401

www.columbia.edu/acis/history/1401.html, viewed 10/29/2004

IBM’s Early Systems - 360IBM’s Early Systems - 360

www.cs.newcastle.ac.uk/events/anniversaries/40th/images/ibm360_672/slide07.html, viewed 10/29/2004

Education and TrainingEducation and Training

Universities & InstitutionsUniversities & Institutions

Top undergraduate computer engineering Top undergraduate computer engineering programs:programs:

Rose-Hultman Institute of Technology (Indiana)Rose-Hultman Institute of Technology (Indiana) Cal-Poly (San Louis Obispo, California)Cal-Poly (San Louis Obispo, California) The Cooper Union (New York)The Cooper Union (New York)

http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/engineering/nophd/enns05_brief.php, viewed 11/1/2004

Skills that Need to be Included in Skills that Need to be Included in CurriculumCurriculum

Communication/people skillsCommunication/people skills Business skillsBusiness skills Real-world/hands-on experienceReal-world/hands-on experience TroubleshootingTroubleshooting Project managementProject management Analytical skillsAnalytical skills IntegrationIntegration

Thomas Hoffman. ”Preparing Generation Z” Computerworld. Framingham: Aug 25, 2003.Vol.37, Iss. 34;  pg. 41

CertificationsCertifications

Hot areas of certification:Hot areas of certification: Project Management Professional certification from Project Project Management Professional certification from Project

Management InstituteManagement Institute Citrix Certified Enterprise Administrator, for managing Citrix Certified Enterprise Administrator, for managing

Citrix ServersCitrix Servers Linux Professional Institute’s certificationsLinux Professional Institute’s certifications Certified Information Security Manager, from ISACACertified Information Security Manager, from ISACA Microsoft Certified TrainerMicrosoft Certified Trainer Microsoft Certified Solution DeveloperMicrosoft Certified Solution Developer

Ellen Messmer. ”Some certifications are hot, some not” Network World. Framingham: Feb 2, 2004.Vol.21, Iss. 5;  pg. 23, 2 pgs

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Canada

United States

IT’s Hottest SkillsIT’s Hottest Skills

Robert Half Technology 2005 Salary Guide, survey of 1,650 CIO’s with more than 100 employees

What’s Hot and What’s NotWhat’s Hot and What’s Not

Jennifer Mears. ”What’s in a name?” Network World. Framingham: Jun 16, 2003.Vol.20, Iss. 24;  pg. 44

IT Jobs in JeopardyIT Jobs in Jeopardy

IT Jobs in JeopardyIT Jobs in Jeopardy

Legacy / custom application developmentLegacy / custom application development Legacy application maintenanceLegacy application maintenance Web application developmentWeb application development Customer care, services / call centerCustomer care, services / call center Management of IT infrastructure / IT Management of IT infrastructure / IT

outsourcingoutsourcing Packaged application implementationPackaged application implementation

Jennifer Mears. ”Jobs at risk” Network World. Framingham: Jul 5, 2004.Vol.21, Iss. 27;  pg. 31

Current IT StatusCurrent IT Status

Number of IT JobsNumber of IT Jobs(in millions)(in millions)

9.69.79.89.910

10.110.210.310.410.510.6

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Drop off in dot.com, telecom companies, and 2001 recession

Information Technology Association of America, “Adding Value…Growing Careers”, 09/2004

Jobs by RegionJobs by Region

29%

28%

23%20%

SouthWestNortheastMidwest

Information Technology Association of America, “Adding Value…Growing Careers”, 09/2004

Job Categories as a % of Total IT Job Categories as a % of Total IT WorkforceWorkforce

20%

19%

12%11%

10%

9%

7%7% 5%

ProgrammingTechnical SupportOtherEnterprise SystemsDatabaseWeb DevelopmentNetwork SystemsDigital MediaTech Writing

Information Technology Association of America, “Adding Value…Growing Careers”, 09/2004

Other Bits of InformationOther Bits of Information

Non-IT companies represent 79% of all IT Non-IT companies represent 79% of all IT employment. (banking, finance, employment. (banking, finance, manufacturing, food service, transportation)manufacturing, food service, transportation)

Programmers represent the largest single Programmers represent the largest single group of IT workers although programmer group of IT workers although programmer head count actually dropped slightly in the head count actually dropped slightly in the past year, down almost 30,000 jobs.past year, down almost 30,000 jobs.

Information Technology Association of America, “Adding Value…Growing Careers”, 09/2004

Marketing TrendsMarketing Trends

Marketing TrendsMarketing TrendsConsulting ServicesConsulting Services

Different Skill SetsDifferent Skill Sets Fewer Mainframe and Mid-Range PositionsFewer Mainframe and Mid-Range Positions More requirements for project managers, business analysts, More requirements for project managers, business analysts,

and help desksand help desks Java has a high demand as a technical skillJava has a high demand as a technical skill

Technical skills are treated as commoditiesTechnical skills are treated as commodities Placement is handled through the procurement departments Placement is handled through the procurement departments

instead of IT departmentinstead of IT department On-line auctions are frequently used to place programmersOn-line auctions are frequently used to place programmers

Kenneth Koboldt, Marketing Manager for Analysts International, interviewed by phone by BECarrell, 10/27/2004 

Marketing Trends Marketing Trends Consulting ServicesConsulting Services

Large firms are offshoring many technical Large firms are offshoring many technical skillsskills

Marketing more to larger firms than small and Marketing more to larger firms than small and mid-size firmsmid-size firms

Marketing has become more difficultMarketing has become more difficult Placement processPlacement process Change in demand for skill setsChange in demand for skill sets

50% of staff are business analysts 50% of staff are business analysts

Kenneth Koboldt, Marketing Manager for Analysts International, interviewed by phone by BECarrell, 10/27/2004 

Marketing TrendsMarketing TrendsManagement ServicesManagement Services

Staff augmentation is a commodityStaff augmentation is a commodity Developers are being chosen on a cost basis Developers are being chosen on a cost basis

instead of skill setinstead of skill set Business niche is to partner with clients to Business niche is to partner with clients to

provide business solutionsprovide business solutions Applications are becoming broader instead of Applications are becoming broader instead of

silo –based silo –based

Mitchell Loader, Senior Account Manager for Daugherty Business Solutions, interviewed by phone by BECarrell, 11/04/2004

Careers of the FutureCareers of the FutureWhat to look forward toWhat to look forward to

How Do IT Leaders See the Future?How Do IT Leaders See the Future?

““Coding will largely go away…with the Coding will largely go away…with the growth in the outsourcing of routine tasks.” growth in the outsourcing of routine tasks.” Dick Navarro, Director of Information Technology, Boeing Inc, interviewed by Dick Navarro, Director of Information Technology, Boeing Inc, interviewed by phone by DBoyer, 11/02/2004phone by DBoyer, 11/02/2004

““Opportunities will continue to exist in both Opportunities will continue to exist in both the management and technical areas of the the management and technical areas of the industry. Purely technical skills are going to be industry. Purely technical skills are going to be more prone to outsourcing.” more prone to outsourcing.” Mike Biffignani, CIO, LMI Aerospace, interviewed in person by BECarrell, Mike Biffignani, CIO, LMI Aerospace, interviewed in person by BECarrell, 10/29/200410/29/2004

How Do IT Leaders See the FutureHow Do IT Leaders See the Future

A computer science degree does not necessarily A computer science degree does not necessarily prepare graduates for the IT job market.prepare graduates for the IT job market.

The increased pace of business, industry The increased pace of business, industry consolidation, and globalization mean that many IT consolidation, and globalization mean that many IT professionals will work for many companies during professionals will work for many companies during their careers.their careers.

““Future IT job seekers will need to do more than Future IT job seekers will need to do more than study computer science at a reputable school to study computer science at a reputable school to succeed.”succeed.”

Barbara Gomolski, “What to Tell the Kids”, Computerworld, 10/18/2004

Management vs. TechnicalManagement vs. Technical

““The issue here is entry level position… most The issue here is entry level position… most project managers, subject matter experts, and project managers, subject matter experts, and governance people get trained via the governance people get trained via the programming ranks. In the future, maybe this programming ranks. In the future, maybe this expertise will be groomed in the subject areas expertise will be groomed in the subject areas that embed the IT bit within the curriculum, that embed the IT bit within the curriculum, like a major in supply chain may also be an like a major in supply chain may also be an expert in B2B.”expert in B2B.”

Dr. Mary C. Lacity, Professor Information Systems, UMSL, interviewed by e-mail by BECarrell, 10/2004

Student’s say…Student’s say… ““I would like to do both. Hoping to be able to I would like to do both. Hoping to be able to

become middle management to do both managerial become middle management to do both managerial and hand on in 5 years and be a full time manager in and hand on in 5 years and be a full time manager in 10 years.”10 years.”

““I have already been moved from technical to I have already been moved from technical to managerial. Not sure it’s a great move yet, but that’s managerial. Not sure it’s a great move yet, but that’s where I currently am. I have been out of college where I currently am. I have been out of college since 1996, so I have a bit of experience that forced since 1996, so I have a bit of experience that forced me up … I am a development group leader in a me up … I am a development group leader in a telecommunications software provider.”telecommunications software provider.”

Management vs. TechnicalManagement vs. Technical

Anonymous interviews submitted via UMSL student MIS Listserv

Job Growth ProjectionsJob Growth Projections

Fastest Growing IndustriesFastest Growing Industries

0200400600800

100012001400160018002000

SoftwarePublishers

Management Computersystemsdesign

Internetservices

in t

housa

nds

2002

2012

www.departmentoflabor.org viewed 10/25/2004

Salaries in ITSalaries in IT

The following salary information is based on The following salary information is based on national averages…national averages…

2005 Salary Guide, Robert Half Technology

AdministrationAdministration

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projected(projected

))

ChangeChange

CIOCIO $115,500-$115,500-$195,250$195,250

$114,000-$114,000-$191,250$191,250

-1.8%-1.8%

VP Info VP Info SysSys

$108,000-$108,000-$155,500$155,500

$104,250-$104,250-$154,000$154,000

-2.0%-2.0%

IS IS ManagerManager

$81,500-$81,500-$113,750$113,750

$80,250-$80,250-$112,250$112,250

-1.4%-1.4%

Applications DevelopmentApplications Development

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projected(projected

))

ChangeChange

Systems Systems AnalystAnalyst

$61,000-$61,000-$84,750$84,750

$61,500-$61,500-$81,500$81,500

-1.2%-1.2%

ProgrammProgrammerAnalysterAnalyst

$50,750-$50,750-$80,250$80,250

$52,500-$52,500-$83,250$83,250

3.6%3.6%

Business Business Sys Sys AnalystAnalyst

$54,750-$54,750-$79,250$79,250

$56,000-$56,000-$80,500$80,500

1.9%1.9%

Quality Assurance & TestingQuality Assurance & Testing

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projected(projected

))

ChangeChange

QA Testing QA Testing ManagerManager

$63,250-$63,250-$85,000$85,000

$64,750-$64,750-$86,750$86,750

2.2%2.2%

Systems Systems AuditorAuditor

$60,750-$60,750-$77,250$77,250

$63,250-$63,250-$81,750$81,750

5.1%5.1%

Internet & E-CommerceInternet & E-Commerce

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projecte(projecte

d)d)

ChangeChange

Internet/Internet/Intranet Intranet DeveloperDeveloper

$51,00$51,000-0-$72,50$72,5000

$51,750-$51,750-$74,250$74,250

2.0%2.0%

SecuritySecurity

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projected(projected

))

ChangeChange

Data Data Security Security AnalystAnalyst

$67,000-$67,000-$90,750$90,750

$68,250-$68,250-$93,000$93,000

2.2%2.2%

Sys Sys Security Security AdminAdmin

$66,000-$66,000-$91,500$91,500

$67,500-$67,500-$92,750$92,750

1.7%1.7%

Network Network Security Security AdminAdmin

$62,750-$62,750-$88,000$88,000

$63,750-$63,750-$90,500$90,500

2.3%2.3%

Software DevelopmentSoftware Development

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projected(projected

))

ChangeChange

Product Product ManagerManager

$76,500-$76,500-$102,750$102,750

$77,000-$77,000-$104,250$104,250

1.1%1.1%

Pre/Post Pre/Post Sales Sales ConsultantConsultant

$51,750-$51,750-$75,000$75,000

$53,500-$53,500-$78,250$78,250

3.9%3.9%

Software Software EngineerEngineer

$62,500-$62,500-$94,750$94,750

$63,250-$63,250-$92,750$92,750

-0.8%-0.8%

Technical Services, Help Desk, Technical SupportTechnical Services, Help Desk, Technical Support

TitleTitle 20042004 2005 2005 (projected(projected

))

ChangeChange

Desktop Desktop Support Support AnalystAnalyst

$47,000-$47,000-$65,000$65,000

$44,500-$44,500-$63,250$63,250

-3.8%-3.8%

InstructorInstructor

TrainerTrainer$43,750-$43,750-$62,250$62,250

$43,250-$43,250-$65,500$65,500

2.6%2.6%

Disaster Disaster Recover Recover SpecialistSpecialist

$59,000-$59,000-$89,000$89,000

$60,500-$60,500-$90,750$90,750

2.2%2.2%

Small incremental changes in:Small incremental changes in: Consulting & Systems IntegrationConsulting & Systems Integration Data/Database AdministrationData/Database Administration Networking/TelecommunicationsNetworking/Telecommunications OperationsOperations

Professional PrognosticationsProfessional Prognostications

What Will IT Look Like?What Will IT Look Like?

According to Dr. Jerry Siegel, “IT professionals in According to Dr. Jerry Siegel, “IT professionals in the future will be more grounded in engineering the future will be more grounded in engineering skills. Software engineers and architecture developers skills. Software engineers and architecture developers will need a deeper understanding of math modeling will need a deeper understanding of math modeling languages, and data access languages. IT developers languages, and data access languages. IT developers will require expertise in the legalities of the business will require expertise in the legalities of the business environment. Curriculum will need to include environment. Curriculum will need to include instruction in HIPA, OSHA, and Sarbanes-Oxley.”instruction in HIPA, OSHA, and Sarbanes-Oxley.”

Dr. Jerry Siegel, Professor Emeritus University of Missouri – St. Louis, interviewed in person by BECarrell and DBoyer, 09/2004

What Will IT Look Like?What Will IT Look Like?

Traditional IT jobs are not going away but there may Traditional IT jobs are not going away but there may be fewer of them.be fewer of them.

New IT opportunities:New IT opportunities: Business process design and managementBusiness process design and management

New competency rising from the opportunity to see entire business New competency rising from the opportunity to see entire business process while designing IT systems process while designing IT systems

Information managementInformation management Customer Relations Management, Business Intelligence, and Customer Relations Management, Business Intelligence, and

Search TechnologiesSearch Technologies Relationship and vendor managementRelationship and vendor management

Negotiate and manage contractsNegotiate and manage contracts Select and manage IT service provider partnersSelect and manage IT service provider partners

Barbara Gomolski, “What to Tell the Kids”, Computerworld, 10/18/2004

What Will IT Look Like?What Will IT Look Like?

Global IT operations will offer more opportunitiesGlobal IT operations will offer more opportunities Broader set of responsibilities when working for American Broader set of responsibilities when working for American

companies outside the United Statescompanies outside the United States Cultural and legal differences provide a learning Cultural and legal differences provide a learning

experience that is not available in an IT environment that experience that is not available in an IT environment that operates only in the U.S.operates only in the U.S.

Expanding Operations in foreign countries creates job Expanding Operations in foreign countries creates job opportunitiesopportunities Builds new career pathsBuilds new career paths Improves IT moraleImproves IT morale

Steve Alexander, “International IT: Gaining a World View”, Computerworld, 06/14/2004

What Are the New Skills?What Are the New Skills?

IT professionals must possess a variety of skillsIT professionals must possess a variety of skills TechnicalTechnical BusinessBusiness ManagerialManagerial

The global business environment requires oral and The global business environment requires oral and written communication skillswritten communication skills

IT professionals must comprehend the interlacing IT professionals must comprehend the interlacing roles of IT within a business organization roles of IT within a business organization

B Dawn Medlin International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management Geneva, 2004

What are the New Skills?What are the New Skills?

““A good career path in the future lies in being both A good career path in the future lies in being both business and technical. It’s about providing value to business and technical. It’s about providing value to the business”the business”

““Content knowledge, technical skills, and business Content knowledge, technical skills, and business acumen provide an individual with an edge.” acumen provide an individual with an edge.”

““The math and communication skills are essential for The math and communication skills are essential for success. These are what a college degree provide.”success. These are what a college degree provide.”

Mike Biffignani, CIO, LMI Aerospace, interviewed in person by BECarrell, 10/29/2004Mike Biffignani, CIO, LMI Aerospace, interviewed in person by BECarrell, 10/29/2004

What Are the New Skills?What Are the New Skills?

Interpersonal and communication skillsInterpersonal and communication skills Ability to work with teamsAbility to work with teams Leadership abilitiesLeadership abilities Organizational skillsOrganizational skills Analysis and more AnalysisAnalysis and more Analysis Desire to undertake new assignments even in Desire to undertake new assignments even in

the face of risk and uncertaintythe face of risk and uncertaintyDick Navarro, Director of Information Technology, Boeing Inc., interviewed by phone by Dick Navarro, Director of Information Technology, Boeing Inc., interviewed by phone by DBoyer, 11/02/2004DBoyer, 11/02/2004

Our ConclusionsOur Conclusions

We realize IT has changed and will change for the We realize IT has changed and will change for the better in the future.better in the future.

In our research and interviews, we’ve found that just In our research and interviews, we’ve found that just technical skills aren’t enough.technical skills aren’t enough. Presentation skills Presentation skills Written communication (Managerial Communications Written communication (Managerial Communications

BA5100)BA5100) Business/Analytical skillsBusiness/Analytical skills Leadership capabilitiesLeadership capabilities

Security is becoming a bigger issueSecurity is becoming a bigger issue Sarbanes-OxleySarbanes-Oxley Post 9/11Post 9/11

Questions?Questions?