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Information Systems Development and Acquisition
Chapter 8
Jessup & Valacich
Instructor: Ramesh Sankaranarayanan
Software EngineeringA newer term given to acknowledge the movement of systems building from art to discipline by professionals using common methods, techniques, and tools for constructing information systems
Software EngineeringA newer term given to acknowledge the movement of systems building from art to discipline by professionals using common methods, techniques, and tools for constructing information systems
Systems Analysis and DesignA traditional term used to describe the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems performed by analysts and programmers
Systems Analysis and DesignA traditional term used to describe the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems performed by analysts and programmers
Problem DecompositionSystems building is a process of decomposing large complex problems to discover and design solutions to support the organization
Problem DecompositionSystems building is a process of decomposing large complex problems to discover and design solutions to support the organization
Developing Systems
The Systems Development Life Cycle
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured method complete with techniques developed to manage the life cycle of an information system
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured method complete with techniques developed to manage the life cycle of an information system
System Identification, Selection, and Planning
System Identification, Selection, and Planning
System Identification A process used to identify opportunities for developing systems projects to solve problems. This process varies greatly from organization to organization
System Identification A process used to identify opportunities for developing systems projects to solve problems. This process varies greatly from organization to organization
SelectionThe process of applying evaluation criteria to possible projects to select those that are critical to enabling the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives
SelectionThe process of applying evaluation criteria to possible projects to select those that are critical to enabling the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives
Systems PlanningDeveloping formal plans for creating the information systems project selected. Some organizations call their periodic process of identification, selection, and planning “Information Systems Planning (ISP)”
Systems PlanningDeveloping formal plans for creating the information systems project selected. Some organizations call their periodic process of identification, selection, and planning “Information Systems Planning (ISP)”
Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis
Collecting System Requirements (Traditional)A combination of methods are used:
• Interviews – discussions with stakeholders (i.e. users)• Questionnaires – surveys to assess use and attitudes• Observations – watch process and systems use• Document Analysis – reviewing current documents
Collecting System Requirements (Traditional)A combination of methods are used:
• Interviews – discussions with stakeholders (i.e. users)• Questionnaires – surveys to assess use and attitudes• Observations – watch process and systems use• Document Analysis – reviewing current documents
System Analysis – Modeling Organizational Data
The ERD DiagramA tool used to identify the relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases
The ERD DiagramA tool used to identify the relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases
System Design
System Design - Designing Forms and Reports
Forms - a business document with predefined data and places to fill in information that is used for system input
Forms - a business document with predefined data and places to fill in information that is used for system input
Reports – an output of a system that contains only predefined data usually in a tabular format (see below)
Reports – an output of a system that contains only predefined data usually in a tabular format (see below)
System Design - Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
An Example of a User Interface - GoogleAn Example of a User Interface - Google
System Design - Designing Databases and Files
System Design – Designing Processing Logic
Processing Logic
The processing and logic operations of an information system are the steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information
Processing Logic
The processing and logic operations of an information system are the steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information
Processing Logic Example
Describes the steps for calculating a GPA1. Obtain the prior grade point average, credits hours
earned, and list of prior courses
2. Obtain the list of each current course, final grade, and course credit hours
3. Combine the prior and current credit hours into aggregate sums
4. Calculate the new grade point average
Processing Logic Example
Describes the steps for calculating a GPA1. Obtain the prior grade point average, credits hours
earned, and list of prior courses
2. Obtain the list of each current course, final grade, and course credit hours
3. Combine the prior and current credit hours into aggregate sums
4. Calculate the new grade point average
System Implementation
System Implementation – Programming and Testing
Software Programming – creating the instructions from the programming logic design using a variety of programming languages assisted many times by language editors
Software Programming – creating the instructions from the programming logic design using a variety of programming languages assisted many times by language editors
Software Testing – a series of tests designed to identify errors and validate logic in parallel with programming. There are multiple types of testing (see below)
Software Testing – a series of tests designed to identify errors and validate logic in parallel with programming. There are multiple types of testing (see below)
System Implementation – System Conversion
Conversion Approaches – the process of taking information from an old system to populate a new system. This is accomplished through manual and/or automated methods
Conversion Approaches – the process of taking information from an old system to populate a new system. This is accomplished through manual and/or automated methods
System Implementation – System Documentation
System DocumentationThe collection of materials produced with an information system to support the ongoing operation and development
System DocumentationThe collection of materials produced with an information system to support the ongoing operation and development
Documentation Types
• User and reference guides – step-by-step instructions for using the system features and functions
• User training and tutorials – manuals and exercises designed to educate users and build competence in system use. These training manuals and tutorials can be supported by a database that utilizes realistic data
• Installation procedures and trouble-shooting suggestions – manuals and procedures designed to support technical personal in installing and problem solving during system operation
Documentation Types
• User and reference guides – step-by-step instructions for using the system features and functions
• User training and tutorials – manuals and exercises designed to educate users and build competence in system use. These training manuals and tutorials can be supported by a database that utilizes realistic data
• Installation procedures and trouble-shooting suggestions – manuals and procedures designed to support technical personal in installing and problem solving during system operation
System Implementation – System Training
Training Approaches – the processes used to educate users in new business processes and system features and functions with the goal of building competence to ensure operational success (see possible methods below)
Training Approaches – the processes used to educate users in new business processes and system features and functions with the goal of building competence to ensure operational success (see possible methods below)
System Maintenance
System Maintenance - Maintenance Types
System MaintenanceThe process by which a system is kept in working order and minor enhancements are completed. Some types of system maintenance are shown below
System MaintenanceThe process by which a system is kept in working order and minor enhancements are completed. Some types of system maintenance are shown below