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This contains slides of summary the book Information Systems for Urban PlanningA Hypermedia Co-operative Approach” byRobert LAURINI
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1
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
A Book and a WebSite on
“Information Systems for Urban PlanningA Hypermedia Co-operative Approach”
Robert LAURINIhttp://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Objectives of the book
• Not another GIS book !!
• Survey of novel computer tools in city planning
• Emphasis on – hypermedia
– collaboration between actors
– use of communications
– real time dimension (environment monitoring)
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Contents
1 - Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes
2 - Design Methodologies for Information Systems
3 - Data Acquisition in Urban Environment
4 - Quality Control and Multisource Updating of Urban Databases
5 - Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning
6 - From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Contents
7 - Visualisation for Displaying and Accessing Urban Information
8 - Groupware in Urban Planning
9 - Computer Systems for Public Participation
10 - Computer Architectures for Urban Planning
11 - Real Time Information Systems for Urban Environment and Risks Monitoring
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Objectives of the WebSite
• Continuous updating of all URL’s
• Organizing a forum
• Links to other experiences / product
• A sort of Information System for ISUP’s
http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 1
Systems Analysis of the Urban Planning Processes
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
City as a General System
Decision makingand planning
Informationsystem for city-widemanagement and planning
Informationalsubsystem
Steeringsubsystem
Controlledsubsystem
Externalinfluences
Input
Output
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Main sources
Information
for decision
making
and planning
Strategic information
coming from the
steering subsystem
Information coming
from measures on the
controlled subsystem
Urban
information
system
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Decision support systems
Based onOperations Research
Based onDocument Navigation
- data analysis- system modelling- search strategies- optimization- multi-criteria
- content analysis- documentation archiving- search strategies- browsing
- relevant information- controllability
Decision-SupportSystems
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Urban planning / monitoring
CityPast and present
Urban planningsystem
Objectivesfor the future
Urban monitoringsystem
Indicatorsof plan
achievement
Planfor thefuture
Planfor thefuture
(a)
(b)City
Daily base
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Actorsand theirMental Models
ActionsProblems
Group of urban plannerssupported by an information system
Real World=
City
CMM
Urbaninformation
system
CMM CMM
CMM
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Architecture of an ISUP
Alternativesetting
CSCWmanagement
Publicparticipation
Planningofficers
Planningstaff
Citizens andother actors
What-ifmodels
Evaluationtechniques
Data Management
Dataacquisition
and updating
Planformatting
andvisualisation
Action plans
Maps
Written regulations
Database forUrban Planning
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 2
Design Methodologies for Information Systems
14
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Externalmodel 1
Logicalmodel
Internalmodel
REAL WORLD
Conceptualmodel
Externalmodel 2
Externalmodel n
Three modelling
levels
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Multiple representations
REAL WORLD:
a street
Traffic Management
Direct graph
Cadaster
Two lines
PavementRevetment
2D object
Engineering networks
3D object
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
- Country-ID- Country name
Simplepictogram
Complexpictogram
Parking lot
- etc...
Water Supply Network
Tap
Working Site
- etc...
Any occurrence of the entity "Parking Lot" is represented by an area
Any occurrence of the entity "Water Supply Network" is represented both at the minimum by a line and at the minimum by a point
Alternativepictogram
Any occurrence of the entity "Working Site" is represented the more often by an areaand otherwise by a point
(c)
Point Line Area Volume
Country
(a)
(b)
Pipe
Spatialpictograms
from Caron et al. 1993
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
OMEGA formalism
House
(Ag)
Contains
Composed of
Borders
Town
PlotRoad
OwnerA
Technical Class DiagramDecomposition of town into plots.
NamePopulation
NameAddress
NameTypeDirection
Owner IDNameAge
AddressFloorspaceTotal area
By clicking here the spatial aggregation detaildiagram of the «House» Class can be viewed
Is in possession
of house
1-n
1-1
2-n 3-n
1-n
0-1
1-n1-n 1-n
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
AIGLE CASE Tool
• Computer Aided Software Engineering
• Developed in our lab
• Marketed by the CIRIL company
http://www.ciril.net
• Totally visual
• Drivers in MapInfo, MapObjects, JAVA
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 3
Data Acquisition in Urban Environment
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Cyclomediahttp://www.cyclomedia.nl/cm_2/UK/cyclomedia.htm
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Air-borne Laser Acquisitionhttp://www.optech.on.ca/imagegall.htm;http://www.eaglescan.com/products.html
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
GPShttp://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/gif/orbits.gif
http://www.nvlt.com/pioneer.htm
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Acquisition with vehicle
(a) (b)
GPSsatellite
Links to acontrol center
UrbanMeasuring
Unit
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Voice Technologyhttp://www.datria.com/
• Provided by Datria / Stantec
• GPS-positioned messages are stored into computers
• Interesting for example to describe certain situations
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 4
Quality Control and MultisourceUpdating of Urban Databases
26
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Updating
GeographicDatabase
ExistingDatabase
Zone or objectmodification
Globalrefinement
Globalcorrections
Multi-layerintegration
Coverageextension
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Various kinds of updating
P1
P3
P2
P4
P5
P1
P3
P2
P4
P5
P6
P1
P3
P2
P4
P5P62
P61
P62
P61
(a) (b) (c)
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Regular updating by meansof aerial photos
Global Updating Global Updating
Urbandatabase
t
Urbandatabase
t+1
Urbandatabase
t+2
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
From photos to vectors
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Topological control
Parcel #45
Parcel #46
Parcel #47
Parcel #48
Parcel #52
Parcel #51
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 5
Hypermaps and Web Sites for Urban Planning
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Hypermaps
Coordinate-accessed
documents
(a)
Document describingthe history of the historical precinct
(b)
Document describingthe flooding of the riverin the XVIIth century
(c)
Document describingthe history and evolution of themanufacturesin the XIXth century
(d)
Document describingthe planning of Central Business District and the induced trafficcongestion
(e)
Document describingthe history ofthe churchesin the city (f)
Document describingsocial problemsin this zone due toimmigration
(g)
Document describingthe Master Planimposed by the regionaladministrative level (h)
Document describingwith signal, auditoryor noise informationthroughout the city
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
URL anchored on buildinghttp://www.cvl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~murao/
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Turin Land Use Planhttp://sit.comune.torino.it/html/PRG/info/consulta.html
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
On-line Permitting
City of City of City of City of ElastyElastyElastyElasty----CityCityCityCity
Online building permittingOnline building permittingOnline building permittingOnline building permitting
- Online submission
- Online comments
- Permit Status
- Get information
- Quit
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 6
From Urban Knowledge to Spatial Metainformation
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
FGDCMetadatahttp://www.fgdc.gov
Dataquality
Accuracy
Logicalconsistency
Complete-ness
Source /Lineage
Spatial datareference
Mapprojection
Coordinatesystem
Datum
Identificationinformation
Geographiccoverage
Custodian
Name
Description
Keywords
Status
Softwareenvironment
Identificationinformation
Geographiccoverage
Custodian
Name
Description
Keywords
Status
Softwareenvironment
Identificationinformation
Geographiccoverage
Description
Status
Softwareenvironment
Entity/attributeinformation
Typeand formats
Description
Domains
Measurementunits
Distributioninformation
Distributor
Accessprocedure
Format
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Argumaps
• Argumaps = Argumentation maps
• Created by Claus Rinner
• Electronic discussion and GIS
• Linked WWW and Collaborative DM
• Storing arguments– planning arguments
– pro-opinion
– contra-opinion
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Argumaps with pins
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Argumapswith flags
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Argumapswith
smileys
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 7
Visualisation for Displaying and Accessing Urban Information
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Project visualisation(CommunityWorks)http://www.simcenter.org/index.html
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Visualizing building possibilities
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Virtual Reality in Cities
http://www.cica.indiana.edu/
http://www.ireality.com/ http://viswiz.gmd.de/IMF/rw.html
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Façade databasehttp://www.snv.fr
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Visual Accessing to Information
• Ben Shneidermann’s approach
• STARFIELD approach for accessing to a collection of objects
• SPACE FILLING TREEMAPS for accessing various collections
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Starfield Access to a Building Permit Database
1925 1950 1975
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Floor space
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
1900 1925 1950 1975
Sea
mp 50
mp 40
mp 30
mp 20
mp10
mp 0
AuditoryDocuments
Photos
Reports
Starfield visualisationof flood documents
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Accessing a Real City througha Virtual City Portal
http://www.nettuno.it/bologna/MappaWelcome.html
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 8
Groupware in Urban Planning
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Cooperative Information Systems
CooperativeInformation
System
ParticipatoryDesign
Task andmessage
Management
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Alternative plans
A B C
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3
Startingsituation
B1 C1A1 A1 B2 C2 A3 B2C3
Legend
Selectedversion
Refusedversion
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 9
Computer Systems for Public Participation
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Public Participation
• Issues– participatory design
– urban plan visualization
– opinion collection and synthesis
– communication between residents and city council
– facilities organization
• Existence of NIMBY’s (Not In My Back Yard)
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Public Participation in Final Decision
PP in Assessing Consequencesand Recommending Solutions
Public Right to Object
Informing the Public
Public Right to Know
PP in Defining Interests,Actors and Determining Agenda
Low levelParticipation
Top levelParticipation
Public Participation Ladder
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Computer Systems
• Techniques– virtual reality
– discussion forum
– argumaps
• Technical barriers, administrative barriers, technocratic barriers
• To few experiences
• ==> cyber-citizens
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 10
Computer Architectures for Urban Planning
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Architecture of a Cooperative Systems for Urban Planning
Urban Planner
Architect
Utilities planner Environmental planner
Socio-economicplanner
Network
Legislativeadviser
Co-operativeInformation
System
ParticipatoryDesign
Task andMessage
Management
Finance planner
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
GlobalDatabase
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Data fragmentation
LAYER FRAGMENTATION
ZONAL FRAGMENTATION
GasDatabase
BuildingDatabase
CadastreDatabase
(a)
(b)
Zone ADatabase
Zone BDatabase
Zone CDatabase
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Federation of Spatial Databases
RN 75
RN 75
RD 34
RD 41
RiverC
Tributaryto the
River C
Zone A
Zone B
Building artificiallycut into
two parts
Roads
Missinglink
Site A
Site B
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Interoperabilitybased on
ontologies
Mappinginformation
Mappinginformation
Cadastre
GISWater supply
GIS
Electricitycompany GIS
Gas company
GIS
Sharedurban
ontology
Mappinginformation
Mappinginformation
63
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Chapter 11
Real Time Information Systems for Urban Environment and Risks Monitoring
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Applications of TeleGeoMonitoring
• Monitoring of air pollution
• Monitoring of pollution along rivers
• Monitoring of major risks
• Fleet management
• Turnpike traffic management
• Hazmat transportation
• Disaster management
• etc.
65
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Real time information system for air pollution
Real time DatabaseManagement system
Real timemapping device
Environmentalurban
real timedatabase
Front-end computer for signal reception and management
Air PollutionControl Center
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Turnpike Traffic Management
G.P.S
INMARSAT
Ground Station
Telephone network
GIS
Control Center
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
TGM forthe control
of the pollutionof the
Venice Lagoonhttp://www.port.venice.it/amav/
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Home page of an extranet for urban risks
City of City of City of City of ElastyElastyElastyElasty----CityCityCityCity
Urban Areas' Risk Management and ControlUrban Areas' Risk Management and ControlUrban Areas' Risk Management and ControlUrban Areas' Risk Management and Control
- Risk knowledge and diagnosis
- Emergency prevention and control
- Risk assessment
- Get new information
- Quit
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Example of a RiskMap
http://cenas.dmsa.unipd.it/results/littoral/fig30.html
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Website
71
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
http://lisi.insa-lyon/~laurini
72
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
73
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Final Remarks
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Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Conclusions
• Modern telecommunications and information technology can change the nature of urban planning and public participation
• GIS is a piece of a global information infrastructure within a city
• Synergy between book and website
75
Information Systems for Urban Planning, A Hypermedia Cooperative ApproachRobert Laurini: http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini/isup
Thanks for your attention !!
“Information Systems for Urban Planning; A Hypermedia Co-operative Approach”
http://lisi.insa-lyon.fr/~laurini