INFORMATION FOR THE THIRD YEAR COURSE IN · Web view6.1.15 Cestodes I 9 6.1.16 Cestodes II 9-10 Trematodes (Flukes) I 10 Trematodes (Flukes) II 10 Zoonotic + Public Health 11 Anthelmintic

INFORMATION FOR THE THIRD YEAR COURSE INVETERINARY PARASITOLOGY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006

PLEASE NOTE

Items contained within this Course Information Document are sometimes unavoidably subject to change. It is the student’s responsibility to ensure they are aware of the correct lecture, practical, tutorial and examination schedules. Lecture venues may be changed during the Course. The Year Notice boards and email should be checked daily.In light of student feedback and External Examiner comments the following changes have been made:

Code of Professional Conduct to Fitness to Practice. You are reminded that you will be expected to have read the above code, sign for it and implemented during your time in the course

CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. Place of the Course in the BVMS Degree 3

2. Aims of the Course 3

3. Learning Objectives of the Course 3

4. Course Content 3-4

5. Outline of Teaching 4

6. Components of the Course 46.1 Term I Martinmas

6.1.1 Introduction to Course 46.1.2 Introduction to Nematodes 4-56.1.3 Cattle Nematodes I 56.1.4 Cattle Nematodes II 56.1.5 Sheep Nematodes I 66.1.6 Sheep Nematodes II 66.1.7 Dog/Cat Nematodes I 66.1.8 Dog/Cat Nematodes II 76.1.9 Dog/Cat Nematodes III 76.1.10 Filarial Nematodes 7-86.1.11 Lungworms 86.1.12 Pig Nematodes 86.1.13 Horse Nematodes 8-96.1.14 Nematodes of Birds 96.1.15 Cestodes I 96.1.16 Cestodes II 9-106.1.17 Trematodes (Flukes) I 106.1.18 Trematodes (Flukes) II 106.1.19 Zoonotic + Public Health 116.1.20 Anthelmintic resistance 116.1.21 Techniques Practical II 11

6.2 Term II Candlemas6.2.1 Protozoa Introduction 126.2.2 Eimeria in Poultry 126.2.3 Isospora Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Livestock 126.2.4 Toxoplasma/Sarcocystis 12-13

Course Information

6.2.5 Neospora caninum 136.2.6 Mastigophora I 136.2.7 Mastigophora II 13-146.2.8 Tick Borne Diseases 146.2.9 Flies I 14-156.2.10 Flies II 156.2.11 Burrowing Mites 156.2.12 Non-burrowing Mites 166.2.13 Lice and Fleas 166.2.14 OEA 16

6.3 Term III Whitsun6.3.1 Revision Tutorials and Practicals 17

INFORMATION FOR THE THIRD YEAR COURSE INVETERINARY PARASITOLOGY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2005/2006

CONTENTS PAGE NO

7. Tutorials and Revision Practicals 17

8. Course Texts, Reading and Web Resources 17-18

9. Teaching Hours and Teaching Methods 18

10. Methods of Assessment10.1 Assessment of Student Learning and the Course 19-2010.2 Term examinations and Course work 2010.3 June Examination 2110.4 Grading 22-2310.5 The External Examiner 2310.6 Prizes 2410.7 Assessment of Course 24

11. Course Instructions 24

12. Other Important Information 12.1 Protective Clothing , Health and Safety 24 12.2 Staff and Student Liason 24-25

12.3 Staff 25 13. Provisional Timetable 26-28 14. Example of Class Examination Papers 29-35

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Veterinary Parasitology

1. PLACE OF THE COURSE IN BVMS DEGREE

The Veterinary Parasitology Course is given during all three terms of third year, and aims to provide a broad based knowledge of Veterinary Parasitology in preparation for the Fourth Year Integrated Clinical Course. Students will be provided, via lectures, practicals, tutorials and interactive sessions with the necessary knowledge to take the 3rd Professional Examination in Veterinary Parasitology. A pre-requisite to enter this course is a pass in the 2nd Professional Examination at the end of the Second year.

2. AIMS OF THE COURSE

The aims and objectives of the Veterinary Parasitology Course are

To provide knowledge of the important parasites causing disease in domestic animals with particular reference to those species present within the UK.

To teach students to identify and diagnose the main parasites of veterinary importance.

To provide knowledge of the pathogenic features of the major disease conditions induced by parasite infection.

Provide students with an understanding of the epidemiological factors and circumstances leading to parasite transmission and disease.

Provide grounding in the principles for the control and treatment of the major parasitic diseases.

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

On completion of the course students are expected

To know the life cycles and modes of transmission of the main helminth parasites, ectoparasites and protozoa causing disease in small and large domestic animals.

To be able to identify many of the common parasites of domestic animals. To know the main features of the pathogenesis of the diseases caused by these

parasites. To understand the main epidemiological factors governing the transmission and

prevalence of these infections in domestic animals. To know the commonly used methods of diagnosis of the important parasitic

diseases. To understand the role of different hosts in the transmission of the animal parasites

infective to man and thus the public health significance of specific parasitic diseases.

To understand the principles of the control and treatment of veterinary parasitic disease.

4. COURSE CONTENT

The course is made up of several components dealing with those parasites that are important in domestic animals in the UK and abroad. The Components are

Nematodes, Trematodes (Flukes) and Cestodes - taught in Martinmas (Term 1) Protozoa and Ectoparasites - taught in Candlemas (Term 2) Revision tutorials and practicals - in Whitsun (Term 3)

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Course Information

Each component consists of a set of lectures and a series of related practicals and tutorials. At the end of the third term (Whitsun), a series of optional revision tutorials and practicals are provided, covering most of the main components of the course. The contents of the components are listed below in the order that they appear in the course along with their aims and learning objectives.

5. OUTLINE OF TEACHING

The course is taught by a series of lectures, which are closely integrated with the practicals and demonstrations. In general, the topics covered in the lectures are then illustrated in a subsequent practical session. The Martinmas term consists of a series of lectures covering helminth parasites. The term concludes with a series of tutorials and revision practicals. The Candlemas term consists of a series of lectures and practicals covering the protozoal and ectoparasites and concludes with revision practicals. The Whitsun term consists of a series of tutorials covering the whole term. At each practical, 2 members of staff are present and, on an informal basis, this provides the opportunity for the discussion of both practical and lecture material. The staff are keen to encourage questions and to deal with any problems associated with the course. Details of this year’s timetable are given in a later section in this document (Section 11).

6. COMPONENTS OF THE COURSE

6.1 Term I Martinmas

6.1.1 Introduction to Course

Aims

To outline, in general terms, the main groups of veterinary parasites and the importance of the diseases they cause.

To describe the structure of the Course, how it is assessed and the overall rating of the Course.

Learning Objective

To understand the complexity and breadth of the Course.

6.1.2 Introduction to Nematodes

Aim

To introduce nematodes and describe their structure and basic life cycle.

Learning Objective

To become familiar with nematode morphology and various types of parasite life cycles. From this information, students should gain an understanding of the basis of veterinary parasitology, which is fundamental to later parts of the course, e.g. the epidemiology and control of parasitic disease.

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The practical that follows comprises several specimens illustrating some of the important nematodes and their structures. These form the basis of many later practicals and students should ensure that they have a clear understanding of the structures demonstrated and their importance in nematode identification.

6.1.3 Cattle Nematodes I

Aim

To introduce students to one of the most important nematode parasites of cattle in the UK, Ostertagia ostertagi and the other nematodes which reside in the bovine abomasum.

Learning objectives

To obtain a detailed understanding of the life cycle, pathogenesis, epidemiology and principles of diagnosis, treatment and control of Ostertagia. Since many of the other important parasites of cattle have similarities to Ostertagia, students should endeavour to have a clear understanding of all aspects of this nematode and its life cycle.

6.1.4 Cattle Nematodes II

Aims

To familiarise students with the nematodes that live in the bovine intestine, from the duodenum through to the colon. Parasite species that will be covered include: Cooperia spp, Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus and Bunostomum spp in the small intestine and Oesophagostomum spp and Trichuris globulosa in the large intestine.

To Introduce the students to the basic principles of control of gastro-intestinal nematodes in cattle.

The practical associated with these lectures illustrates the nematodes found in the bovine gastrointestinal tract and the objective is to learn to identify these species to, at least, genus level.

Learning Objectives

To have a clear knowledge and understanding of;

The morphology of preparasitic and parasitic stages of these parasites and their differential identification.

The relative importance, life cycle and epidemiology of these parasites in different parts of the world.

The pathogenesis associated with infection with these species. The principles of diagnosis. The principles of epidemiology The principles of treatment and control.

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Course Information

6.1.5 Sheep Nematodes I

Aim

To provide detailed information on important abomasal nematodes of sheep. Teladorsagia is the most important of these in temperate regions such as the UK. and Haemonchus is the most important world-wide.

Learning Objectives

To become familiar with the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology of Teladorsagia and Haemonchus in sheep and to appreciate the often-subtle differences between parasitic gastroenteritis in sheep compared with cattle.

6.1.6 Sheep Nematodes II

Aim

To cover the nematodes that live in the ovine intestine, from the duodenum through to the colon. The two most important genera in the U.K. are Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus and these will be considered in the most depth. Other genera that will be covered include: Cooperia and Bunostomum in the small intestine and Chabertia spp, Oesophagostomum spp and Trichuris ovis in the large intestine. Their relative importance compared with that of Teladorsagia spp will be discussed.

The practical following these lectures illustrates the gross and microscopic differences of the common sheep nematodes.

Learning Objectives

To differentiate these parasite species in faecal samples and post mortem samples. To understand the relative importance of these parasites in different parts of the

world. To know the life cycle and epidemiology of these parasites in different regions. To understand the pathogenesis associated with infection with these species, with

particular emphasis on Nematodirus battus in lambs. To understand the principles of diagnosis To understand the principles of treatment and control.

6.1.7 Dog/Cat Nematodes I

Aim

To describe, in detail, the life cycle and epidemiology of Toxocara canis and related parasites.

Learning objective

To understand the significance of the various modes of transmission of T. canis, particularly with respect to its zoonotic potential.

The practical that follows demonstrates diagnostic stages (eggs) and adult parasites of T. canis and related species. Students should be able to distinguish T. canis from closely related species on the basis of egg morphology.

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6.1.8 Dog/Cat Nematodes II

Aim

To describe the life cycles and epidemiology of the canine hookworms Ancylostoma spp. and Uncinaria.

Learning objective

To understand the various modes of transmission of Ancylostoma and the pathology caused by this and other hookworms.

The practical component includes diagnostic stages of hookworms (eggs) and gross specimens of adult Ancylostoma and Uncinaria. Students should be able to identify hookworm eggs and distinguish the adult parasites on the basis of the morphology of the buccal capsule.

6.1.9 Dog/Cat Nematodes III

Aim

To introduce students to the migratory nematodes of the dog and cat classified in the superfamily Metastrongyloidea. The metastrongyle parasites generally reside, as the adult stage, in the lungs or heart and pulmonary blood vessels of their definitive host. Most of these species have an indirect life cycle, involving a molluscan intermediate host. There are, however, some notable exceptions. The species, which will be discussed, include Oslerus osleri, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus.

Learning Objectives

To obtain information regarding

The life cycle of these species. Methods of transmission of these parasites. The epidemiology of these species, with particular reference to the role of the infected

bitch.

6.1.10 Filarial Nematodes

Aim

To describe the life cycles and epidemiology of filarial nematodes and spiruroids infecting domestic animals with particular emphasis on Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm.

Learning objective

To understand the modes of transmission of the various parasites covered in the lecture, and of the pathology they cause in domestic animals.

The practical section covers the diagnostic procedure for detecting microfilariae in blood specimens. This involves staining and examining dried blood films and

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Course Information

examination of wet blood films as well as examination of gross specimens of various filarial and metastrongyle nematodes.

6.1.11 Lungworms

Aim

To provide information regarding the nematodes that are found in the lungs of farm animals. The lecture will focus mostly on the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus, an important parasite in wet, temperate areas. This parasite is highly pathogenic and the mechanisms behind the pathology will be described in detail. The sheep lungworms, Dictyocaulus filaria, Muellerius capillaris and Protostrongylus rufescens and the equine lungworm Dictyocaulus arnfieldi will be described. The practical will demonstrate the distinct features of various life cycle stages of these nematodes.

Learning Objectives

The differential identification of preparasitic and parasitic stages of these parasites. The pathogenesis associated with infection with these species and their effects on the

host. The life cycle and epidemiology, with particular emphasis on D. viviparus. The principles of diagnosis, treatment and control.

6.1.12 Pig Nematodes

Aim

To cover the many diverse parasites found in the pig alimentary tract.

Learning Objective

To understand some of the most relevant features of nematodes of pigs, notably, the life cycle and epidemiology of Ascaris, Oesophagostomum and Trichinella species, the latter being a significant zoonosis worldwide. Students should be able to list the nematode species found in pigs and discuss various aspects of porcine parasitism such as life cycle, epidemiology and zoonosis.

The practical session will illustrate the gross and microscopic features of the common pig nematodes.

6.1.13 Horse Nematodes

Aims

To introduce several of the nematodes species that are found in the equine gastrointestinal tract from the stomach through to the rectum. Parasites that will be described include the large (Strongylus species) and small (Cyathostomins) strongyles, Trichostrongylus axei, Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westeri and Oxyuris equi. These parasites are important in different age groups of horses, mostly because of their particular life cycles. The equine lungworm Dictyocaulus arnfieldi will also be described. NB: the Filarioid and Spiruroid species that exist in horses will be described in Lecture 10.

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Learning Objectives

The life cycle, epidemiology and pathogenesis associated with nematode infection of the horse.

Knowledge of the migratory pathways and resulting pathogenesis of the large strongyles.

The importance of the small strongyles (cyathostomins) and the features of the small strongyle life cycle and epidemiology that make them the primary parasitic pathogen of the horse.

The morphology of preparasitic and parasitic stages of these parasites and their differential identification from equine faecal samples (in the case of O. equi, differentiation of egg masses on the perianal skin will be described).

The relative importance of these parasites in horses of different ages kept under different management schemes.

In the practical, examples of the parasites discussed in the lecture will be available for examination. Again, the distinctive features of these should be learned and students should feel confident of their identification.

6.1.14 Nematodes of Birds

Aim

To familiarise students with the important nematodes causing pathology in birds.

Learning objective

To detail an overview of the important nematode parasites affecting poultry or game birds in the UK.

6.1.15 Cestodes I

Aim

To introduce the general features of tapeworms and their life cycles.

Learning Objectives

To understand the life cycle and veterinary significance of one of the largest and most important group of cestodes, the Taeniidae.

To understand the significance of Taenia spp. as zoonotic parasites. To be able to distinguish some of the larval stages of Taenia spp and identify the

morphological features of Taenia spp. that enable the parasite to be distinguished from other cestodes.

6.1.16 Cestodes II

Aims

To describe in detail the life cycle and epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus, Diplyidium caninum and other, minor, cestodes of domestic animals.

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Course Information

Learning Objectives

To understand the features of the E.g.granulosus life cycle and epidemiology which contribute to its zoonotic potential and veterinary significance.

To understand the features of the life cycle of D.caninum which determine control. To understand the life cycle and pathogenesis of Anoplocephala perfoliata in the

horse. Students should be able to differentiate various species on a morphological basis.

6.1.17 Trematodes (Flukes) I

Aims

To cover general classification of trematodes, highlighting the importance of Fasciola hepatica, and provide a description of the morphological structure of the adult F. hepatica and outline the life cycle of this parasite.

To outline, the different pathological conditions caused by F. hepatica, the epidemiological factors that influence parasite transmission and the severity of disease.

Learning Objectives

To understand the veterinary significance of F. hepatica. To identify the adult fluke from morphological considerations and predilection site. To know the life cycle of F. hepatica and understand the role of the intermediate host in

transmission of the parasite. To understand how pathological outcomes of infection are related to the infective dose. To know the ecology of the intermediate host, Lymnaea truncatula. To understand how epidemiological factors influence parasite transmission and disease. To know the basic control methods used against F. hepatica.

6.1.18 Trematodes (Flukes) II

Aims

To outline the flukes, other than F. hepatica, which are of veterinary significance. To describe the life cycles and disease caused by these flukes, highlighting the

differences from F. hepatica. To point out the epidemiological factors which influence transmission of flukes.

Learning Objectives

To know the different types of flukes, which are of clinical significance. To know the life cycles of the different genera and understand how they differ from that

of F. hepatica. To understand how these flukes cause disease. To understand how the epidemiology of disease is related to climate and the ecology of

the intermediate host.

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6.1.19 Zoonoses + Public Health

Aim

To describe the important zoonotic helminth parasites with a focus on the epidemiology and control.

Learning Objective

To understand the details of the life cycles and epidemiology, which contribute to the zoonotic potential of particular helminths, to understand how veterinarians can implement intervention programmes to prevent human disease.

6.1.20 Anthelmintic resistance

Aim

To introduce students to the problem of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes

Learning objectives

To understand the basic principles of how anthelmintic resistance develops in parasite populations and appreciate the relative importance of anthelmintic resistance in different parasite species

To understand the problems of diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance To understand how different control strategies affect the rate at which anthelmintic

resistance develops and how integrated parasite control can be used to minimise the development of resistance.

6.1.21 Techniques Practical

Aims

To cover, in detail, a range of techniques used in the diagnosis of parasitic nematodes.

Learning Objectives

“hands-on” training in the use of some of these methods for the detection of parasite eggs or larvae will be given. From this session, students should be able to describe the commonly used techniques in the diagnosis of animal parasitism, including details of calculations/materials used and the suitability of certain tests for specific parasite stages.

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Course Information

6.2 Term II Candlemas

6.2.1 Protozoa Introduction

Aims

To describe the importance of protozoan diseases of domestic animals in different parts of the world and the typical features of the modes of transmission, life cycles and taxonomy.

Learning Objectives

To understand the complexity of the life cycles and be able to place different protozoan species within a formal taxonomy.

6.2.2 Eimeria in Poultry

Aims

To describe the complex life cycle of the Eimeria family and the key features of the six most important species of Eimeria which infect chickens.

To outline the epidemiological factors that lead to outbreaks of disease and the principles of disease control.

Learning Objectives

To understand the pathological consequences of infection by Eimeria, how the life cycle of these parasites determine disease and how knowledge of the factors determining parasite levels can lead to effective control.

6.2.3 Isospora Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Domestic Livestock

Aims

To describe the other species of the Eimeridae causing disease in livestock focusing on Isospora suis, Eimeria bovis, E. zuernii and Cryptosporidium. To outline the control and epidemiology of these parasites

Learning Objectives

Students will be expected to know the various life cycles, understand how the pathology is caused, be able to describe the epidemiology of these parasites and discuss approaches to disease control.

6.2.4 Toxoplasma/Sarcocystis

Aim

To cover two important genera of the family Sarcocystidae: Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis spp.

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Learning Objectives

Understand the basic life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, including both the sexual and asexual phases that take place in the final and intermediate host.

The epidemiology and pathology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the intermediate hosts (sheep, man etc.).

The life cycle of the various species of Sarcocystis, together with the pathogenic consequences of infection.

The principles of diagnosis and control of these parasites.

6.2.5 Neospora caninum

Aims

To describe the life cycle, transmission routes, veterinary significance and pathogenesis of N. caninum.

To outline the outcome of infection in cattle and dogs.

Learning Objectives

To understand the transmission routes and complex epidemiology of Neospora infection in cattle and dogs.

To be able to discuss the epidemiology of the disease and the approaches to prevention.

From the practical (covering 6.2.5 - 6.2.9), students should learn to identify the different life cycle stages of the Eimeridae and Sarcocystidae discussed in the previous four lectures. The aim is to be able to identify the different parasites and describe their main morphological features.

6.2.6 Mastigophora I

Aims

To introduce students to the main species of flagellate protozoa that cause disease in domestic livestock and to describe their different modes of transmission. This will include the following: Leishmania spp, Trichomonas foetus and Giardia lamblia.

Learning Objectives

The main features of the life cycles of these parasites. The pathological consequences of infection. The main factors that determine outbreaks of disease and how knowledge of these

can be used in the control/treatment of disease. The importance of domestic animals as reservoirs of human disease in those

species which are zoonotic.

6.2.7 Mastigophora II

Aim

To introduce students to the main features of Trypanosoma spp causing major cattle disease in tropical regions.

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Course Information

Learning Objectives

To be able to identify the main groups of Mastigophora morphologically and to undertake a blood smear for diagnosis.

To understand the complex life cycles of the main species of Trypanosoma and their modes of transmission.

To understand how the main pathological consequences of infection arise and the role of antigenic variation in evasion of the immune response.

To delineate and understand the factors which determine the geographical distribution and prevalence of disease.

To understand the rationale for the different methods of controlling and treating disease.

6.2.8 Tick Borne Diseases

Aim

This series of three lectures is aimed at describing the main species of tick responsible for the transmission of a range of protozoan and rickettsial parasitic disease in both tropical and temperate regions of the world. The rationale for combining a discussion of both the arthropod vectors and the protozoan diseases is to provide an integrated understanding of the tick biology and the transmission of this important group of parasitic diseases.

Learning Objectives

From the first lecture students should understand the main features of the life cycle of the most important species of European tick, Ixodes ricinus, and gain knowledge of the morphological features that allow the identification of Ixodes ricinus from other species. Also to understand the epidemiology and pathogenic significance of Ixodes ricinus.

From the second lecture, students should learn the main species of Babesia which cause significant disease in cattle, horses and dogs and be able to discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. Particular attention should be paid to the modes of transmission by the different vector and the principles involved in controlling babesiosis;

From the third lecture, students should learn the main features of Theileria. Anaplasma and Cowdria and the diseases caused by these parasites, including the modes of transmission. In addition, students should understand the principles involved in controlling tick borne parasites.

6.2.9 Flies I

Aims

To outline the main features of the dipteran biting flies (Muscids) together with their veterinary significance in terms of disease transmission and fly worry.

To identify the different species by examination of the morphological features of the adult flies.

To understand the life cycles of Hypoderma, Oestrus, and Gasterophilus, their importance as obligate causes of myiasis together with the pathogenesis caused by the larvae of these flies.

To be able to discuss the main epidemiological factors and their implications for disease control.

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Learning Objectives

To describe the main features of the life cycles of the muscid flies and to understand their role in animal health and the transmission of disease.

To describe the veterinary significance and life cycles of the three genera of flies causing obligate myiasis.

6.2.10 Flies II

Aim

To detail the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology of infestation by species of dipteran flies of the genus Calliphoridae (blow flies) and to understand the veterinary significance, life cycles and epidemiology of forest flies and the sheep ked.

Learning Objectives

To describe the main morphological features of the adult blow flies of veterinary significance.

To understand the life cycle of blow flies and the difference between primary and secondary strike.

To understand the main factors that determine the occurrence of blow fly strike and how it can be prevented and treated.

To describe and understand the main pathological features of blow fly myiasis. To describe and understand the role of forest flies and keds in causing disease.

6.2.11 Burrowing Mites

Aims

To provide detailed information on the burrowing mites that occur in several species of domestic animals. Most emphasis will be on Sarcoptes scabiei, a relatively common and debilitating parasite, found on man and domestic animals. Demodex spp will also be described.

These are common, commensal parasites, which, in some cases, can cause severe disease. The pathogenesis behind generalised demodecosis will be described in some detail. Other burrowing mite species that will be briefly mentioned include: Notoedres cati and Knemidocoptes spp

Learning Objectives

To identify different species of burrowing mites. To understand the relative importance of these parasites, particularly in dogs and

pigs. To gain knowledge of the life cycle of mites and how they are transmitted to hosts. To understand the pathogenesis associated with infection with particular reference

to S. scabiei and genetic predisposition to generalised demodicosis.

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Course Information

6.2.12 Non-burrowing Mites

Aim

At present scab, caused by Psoroptes ovis, can be considered to be a major ectoparasitic disease of sheep in the U.K. The morphological identification of P. ovis and the life cycle of this parasite, describing how this influences transmission of disease, will be outlined. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and methods used to control sheep scab and how changes in legislation affected the incidence of disease outbreaks will also be described. A further aim is to outline the other major non-burrowing mites that are of veterinary significance and describe for the different genera, the main morphological features, the main hosts, the clinical outcome and diagnosis of infection.

Learning Objectives

To know the genera of non-burrowing mites, which are of veterinary significance; To understand the significance of sheep scab. To understand the life cycle, epidemiology and pathogenesis of sheep scab. To describe the methods used to control sheep scab and be aware of how their

effectiveness can be influenced by implementation. To how to differentiate P. ovis from other mite species.

6.2.13 Lice and Fleas

Aim

To provide detailed information on fleas and lice. Fleas are the most common cause of parasitic skin disease in dogs and cats and are extremely common, particularly in the summer months. The fleas that are commonly found on dogs and cats will be described. Fleas are important in cats and dogs because of their ability to induce flea allergy dermatitis and the pathogenesis behind this important condition will be described in detail.

Lice are important skin pathogens in many domestic animals and are often seen in large numbers in animals suffering underlying debilitating conditions or in animals that are neglected. The common species will be described and their differentiation detailed.

Learning Objectives

The morphology of lice and fleas and their differential identification. The relative importance of these parasites in different host species. The life cycle and of these parasites, especially the importance of the reservoir of

flea stages in the environment. Pathogenesis associated with infection with these species, with particular reference

to flea allergy dermatitis in dogs and cats. Principles of control.

6.2.14 Open Essay Assessment (OEA)

(see 10.2 for futher details)

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6.3 Term III Whitsun

6.3.1 Revision Tutorials and Practicals

7. TUTORIALS AND REVISION PRACTICALS

Tutorials are held on a small group basis with individual lecturers. Please note that tutorials in the first two terms are compulsory and the location and groupings of these tutorials will be posted on the Third Year Noticeboard two weeks before each tutorial session.

The tutorials in Whitsun (Third Term) are voluntary and cover the work of the whole year. Students will have the option to attend these and will be asked in the first 2-3 weeks of term to select which tutorials they wish to attend. Once they have selected the tutorials to attend, a list of participants will be posted, along with the location and time on the Third Year Noticeboard. Once notification is given, the student must attend the relevant designated tutorial.

Revision practical sessions will also be available in the Class Laboratory at times designated on the Third Year Noticeboard and will be held in all three terms.

The Aims and Learning Objectives are

To cover and expand upon information taught in the lectures. To provide opportunity for students to discuss lecture and practical content with the

lecturers. To provide opportunity for students to provide feedback on the teaching methods

on the course. To provide opportunity for any problem areas in the course or teaching practices to

be identified and discussed.

8 COURSE TEXTS, FURTHER READING AND WEB RESOURCES

It is highly mrecommended that all students have 'Veterinary Parasitology' by Urquhart, Armour, Duncan, Dunn and Jennings, published by Blackwell Scientific. This text has been specifically written to meet the course needs and contains much of the material covered. It is an essential source book for this course.

Other texts of interest include:

“Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa” by E.J.L. Soulsby. Balliere Tindall. Available in library and is a useful reference text.

“Veterinary Clinical Parasitology” by M.W. Sloss, R.L.Kemp. and A. Zajac. Iowa University Press. – Useful for practical aspects of course

"Canine Clinical Parasitology": by Georgi and Georgi. Lea and Febiger

"Arthropods of Humans and Domestic Animals" by A. Walker. Chapman and Hall.

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Course Information

“Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual” : by W.J.Foreyt. 4th Edition . Washington State University Press. Useful for summaries and practical information.

Additional material including lecture slide presentations, CAL programs, past examination papers and useful parasitology web links are available on Moodle on the the web server; http://moodle.gla.ac.uk/vet/moodle/ .For each you will find a link to course information, timetables, past papers, presentations and notes, in addition to relevant CAL programs and online resources, that have been reviewed by your lecturers.

A 'cut down' version of the SWS, with presentations in PDF format, courseinformation, timetables, and links to relevant websites, can be found at:http://www.gla.ac.uk/faculties/vet/students/SWS/ accessible from off-campus using the username 'vetstudent' and the password 'jamesherriot'.

9. TEACHING HOURS AND TEACHING METHODS

All staff are not routinely made aware of Students with Disabilities. This information is considered confidential unless such a person agrees to complete disclosure. Consequently, the onus is on you to make individual staff aware of special needs you may have that impact on a particular method of teaching; staff will attempt to make reasonable adjustments. E.g. you may have a degree of red-green colour blindness and have difficulty distinguishing certain tissues or cells during microscopy.

Each student needs to attend all the classes in Veterinary Parasitology and the number of hours required is detailed in the Table below. The number of hours of academic staff time needed to teach the course is also shown.

Generally, the course is taught on a Wednesday morning in the first half of each term, changing to Monday and Tuesday mornings in the second half of term. In second and third terms, the course is also taught on Friday mornings (refer to Timetable, Section 11). Each student requires 75 hours of total attendance for the whole course, excluding the examinations. The academic staff requires 116 hours to provide the course, excluding the time required for preparation and for two Class Examinations and the Professional Examination.

Lectures, Practical Demonstrations, the provision of practical notes, demonstration of parasitised post-mortem material, videos and small group tutorial teaching are used to present the course to students. Active learning is carried out in the small group tutorials and in the practical demonstrations, where student problem solving is encouraged. Students are encouraged to develop a logical approach to the identification and diagnosis of parasitological cases.

Term I Term II Term IIIHours/Student Total Staff Hours Hours/Student Total Staff Hours Hours/Student Total Staff Hours

Lectures 20 20 16 16 0 0

Practicals 11 22 7 14 4 8

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http://www.gla.ac.uk/faculties/vet/students/SWS/

http://moodle.gla.ac.uk/vet/moodle/


Tutorials 6 36 0 0 12 72

10 METHODS OF ASSESSMENT.

10.1 Assessment of Student Learning

All the examinations in Veterinary Parasitology in 2004/2005 will be considered as summative assessment, for the Degree Examination:

Term 1 Examination worth 5%Term 2 Examination worth 5%Term 2 Open Essay Assessment (OEA) 5%June Examination Examination worth 85%

All examination papers are submitted in advance to the External Examiner for their approval. The examinations in Term 1 and Term 2 will be marked internally and the results will be available to the students as provisional Grades. The final Grades will be assessed, and if necessary, modified after consultation with the External Examiner, at the time of the June examination. The External will attend in June and September to oversee the examination, the completion of the Grades and to conduct Pass/Fail and Distinction Orals. If a student fails to complete any of the Examinations then the Code of Practice on incomplete assessment and good cause (University of Glasgow Calendar 2002-2003 pp. 44-46 available in the Library or from the Department) will apply. Under the Data Protection Act students are entitled to see their examination scripts but staff will not discuss individual scripts in detail.

Code of Practice on complete assessment and good cause (University of Calendar 2003-2004, Sect. Gen. 44-46). This section sets out the rules covering the treatment of students prevented by good cause from completing an assessment or performing adequately therein.

(i) For the purposes of this section ‘good cause’ shall mean illness or other adverse personal circumstances serious enough to prevent a candidate from completing a summative assessment at or by the due time; ‘evidence’ shall mean a full medical report, not merely a medical certificate, or a written report detailing the adverse personal circumstances including independent written evidence as appropriate.

(ii) If a candidate believes that good cause has prevented a piece of summative assessment, including an examination script, being completed at or by the due time or has seriously prejudiced his or her performance in a summative assessment, then he or she must promptly notify the Head of Registry and submit appropriate evidence. Notification later than a week after the due date for completion of the assessment will not normally be taken into account except where circumstances prevented the student from notifying the Head of Registry within this time. The Head of Registry will notify the relevant Head(s) of Department.

(iii) Where the claim for good cause is pursued the evidence submitted shall be considered by the Board of Examiners which shall determine.(a) if the evidence is of sufficient weight to constitute evidence of good cause;(b) if sufficient material has been presented in respect of the summative assessment

in question for it to be regarded as completed, rather than merely attempted; in the latter case the assessment shall be treated as though it had been prevented by good cause from being completed.

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Course Information

If a candidate fails to complete a summative assessment required by a course without adequate evidence of good cause then he or she shall be awarded zero marks or equivalent for that assessment, and his or her mark or grade for the course shall be calculated accordingly.

If a candidate is adjudged by the Board of Examiners to have been prevented by good cause from completing the assessment of the course, then the following arrangement shall apply;

(i) The extent of the completion of the assessment shall be determined as a percentage of the totality of summatively assessed work, based on assessment weightings published in the course data-base, required by the assessment scheme approved by the Senate.

(ii) The Board of Examiners shall make an overall judgement of the standard reached in the completed part of the assessment, using as far as possible the same procedures as apply to candidates who have completed the assessment.

(iii) If the candidate has completed 85 per cent or more of the assessment the Board of Examiners shall recommend the award of an appropriate grade (or no credit) on the basis of the completed proportion.

(iv) If the candidate has not completed 85 per cent of the assessment then the candidate shall be regarded as not having attempted the assessment.

Second Diet of Examination – September

If the candidates fail the examination in June they may take the resit (2nd Diet) examinations in September. The format of the September examination will be the same as the June examination, except that ALL students who achieve less than a grade D will be REQUIRED to have an oral examination conducted by the External Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners. Grades awarded at the second diet of the professional examination will in accordance with university policy be capped at Grade D.

The Grades for the second diet will be based on the single examination unless the student has missed the June examination with good cause. In such a case the total assessment will be based on the results for Term 1 Exam ; 5% , Term 2 Exam ; 5%, OEA; 5% , September Examination 85%.

10.2 Term examinations and Course Work

Term I (Martinmas) and Term II (Candlemas) Exams will follow the same format. Each examination consists of a Practical Examination and a MCQ Paper held during the last week of the Term.

The Practical Examination (30 minutes) consists of ~15 specimens with the students expected to identify the parasites and answer simple questions on each sample. The practical exam will contribute approximately 20% of each term examination.

The Written Examination (1 hour) consisting of one paper: a Multiple Choice Section of 50 MCQ questions (suggested time 1 hour). The written exam will contribute 80% of each term examination.

Open Essay Assessment (OEA) Students will be allocated an essay question in week 8 of Term 2. The subject of the essay will be a question related to a piece of literature specified by the teaching staff (eg. Research paper, review article). Essays should be 1500-2000

20


words in length, word processed and submitted via Moodle. The essay must be submitted by the end of the first week of term 3 (14th April). The OEA will contribute to continuous assessment (5% of total mark).

10.3 June Examination

This examination is held at the end of Term 3 (Whitsun) and the dates are given on the current notice "University of Glasgow - Final Dates Degree Examinations". The June examination in Veterinary Parasitology will consist of the following components:

(a) A Practical Examination (30 minutes) of ~15 specimens with the students expected to identify the parasites and answer simple questions on each sample

(b) A Written Examination (3 hours) comprising an essay section (2 hours) in which students are expected to answer 3 questions from a choice of 4 and a MCQ Section (1 hour) consisting of 50 questions.

The final grade for the professional exam is obtained by summing the marks in the following manner:

Term 1 exam, 5%; Term 2 exam , 5%; OEA, 5%; June Exam, 85%.

The result is expressed as a grade according to the system approved by the veterinary faculty. The aggregation score is used only for the calculation of honours and commendation which is arrived at at the end of the Complete 5 year Course.

(d) Some candidates may be required to have a Pass/Fail Oral Examination (provisional Grade E or below) in which the External Examiner takes part. Students with Grade E may be upgraded to Grade D following a satisfactory oral examination.

(e) Departmental academic members of staff who are the Internal Examiners mark the Written and Practical Examination answers and the total combined mark for each candidate is calculated. A panel of departmental examiners reviews the marks and may adjust them. All papers are made available to the External Examiner. The External Examiner has the discretion to adjust the marks awarded in the Written and Practical Examinations. Candidates with less than Grade D are required to attend a Pass/Fail Oral Examination conducted by the External Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners. Some of those candidates who have achieved a Grade A at a first attempt at the examination may, at the discretion of the examiners, be invited to attend a Distinction Oral conducted by the External Examiner and at least one of the Internal Examiners.

(f) All scripts either for Class or Professional Examinations are marked anonymously, using either exam number or matriculation number as directed by University.

(g) Passing the Third Professional Examination. A student must pass the Professional Examinations for all four subjects before being allowed to proceed to Fourth Year Classes.If a student fails the June diet of the Veterinary Parasitology Examination they may attempt the September diet Resit Examination in Veterinary Parasitology. Failure in September

21 5

Course Information

would mean that a student would have to obtain permission to repeat the subject the following year if they wished to continue in the BVMS course.

The Departmental staff encourage September resit students to contact them over the summer in order to monitor their progress either by discussion of their revision or by handing in "mock" answers based on previous examinations. Tutorials will also be organised based on student demand.

(h) Location of Examination. All Written Class and Degree Examinations will be held at Gilmorehill. The Practical and Oral Examinations will normally be held in Garscube.

10.4 Grading

The University’s policy on grading is now as follows, with no EP Grade and only Grades A to D representing passes. There shall be three categories of award Honours, Commendation and Pass. A candidate who is not placed in one of three categories shall have failed the programme. A Distinction is only awarded following a successful oral examination in the presence of the External Examiner.

Marks to Grade Correlation for the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Primary grade

Mark Secondary band

Mark Aggregation score

BVMS

A 70-100 123

80-10075-7970-74

201918

Honours

B 65-69 123

6967-6865-66

171615

Commendation

C 55-64 123

63-6460-6255-59

141312

Pass

D 50-54 123

5452-5350-51

11109

E 45-49 123

4947-4845-46

876

Fail

F 40-45 123

4442-4340-41

543

G 30-39 12

35-3930-34

21

N 0-30

22


CR

The aggregate scores are used in the overall assessment at the end of the 5 year Course. There shall be three categories of award Honours, Commendation and Pass.

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Course Information

Non-honours Courses Primary verbal descriptors for attainment of Intended Learning Outcomes BVMS

Primary Grade

Gloss

AExcellent

Exemplary range and depth of attainment of intended learning outcomes, secured by discriminating command of a comprehensive range of relevant materials and analyses, and by deployment of considered judgement relating to key issues, concepts and procedures

Honours

BVery Good

Conclusive attainment of virtually all intended learning outcomes, clearly grounded on a close familiarity with a wide range of supporting evidence, constructively utilised to reveal appreciable depth of understanding

Commendation

CGood

Clear attainment of most of the intended learning outcomes, some more securely grasped than others, resting on a circumscribed range of evidence and displaying a variable depth of understanding

Pass

DSatisfacto

ry

Acceptable attainment of intended learning outcomes, displaying a qualified familiarity with a minimally sufficient range of relevant materials, and a grasp of the analytical issues and concepts which is generally reasonable, albeit insecure

EWeak

Attainment deficient in respect of specific intended learning outcomes, with mixed evidence as to the depth of knowledge and weak deployment of arguments or deficient manipulations

Fail

FPoor

Attainment of intended learning outcomes appreciably deficient in critical respects, lacking secure basis in relevant factual and analytical dimensions

GVery Poor

Attainment of intended learning outcomes markedly deficient in respect of nearly all intended learning outcomes, with irrelevant use of materials and incomplete and flawed explanation

NNo Credit

No convincing evidence of attainment of intended learning outcomes, such treatment of the subject as is in evidence being directionless and fragmentary

CR CREDIT REFUSED

Failure to comply, in the absence of good cause, with the published requirements of the course or programme.

10.5 The External Examiner

The External Examiner for 2005/2006 is Dr Rachel Lawrence BSc PhD, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU

24


10.6 Prizes

There are two special awards in Veterinary Parasitology. (i) The Silver Medal (Royal Highland and Agricultural Society) for the student with the highest marks in the Degree examination. (ii) The Baker prize for the student with the best aggregate marks for the two Class examinations and the Degree Examination.

10.7 Assessment of the course The content of the Course, the presentation of the Course to students and the effectiveness of the teaching methods are assessed by two questionnaires and also on an individual basis with students at practical and tutorial sessions. The findings are discussed at staff meetings and the appropriate action taken, where felt necessary, the following year. Assessments are also made by considering the results of the two Class Examinations and the Third Professional Examination, the Report of the External Examiner, as well as views he expresses during informal discussions with the staff, and opinions emanating from the Faculty Staff Student Liaison Committee. Formal consideration of these matters occurs at meetings held by the teaching staff.

11. COURSE INSTRUCTIONS

Students shall be required to comply with such instructions as are prescribed by the Course Leader in charge of the course concerned. Such instructions may require students: to attend specified lectures, tutorials, laboratory or practical sessions, examination and other events; to submit items of work, including essays, dissertations and project reports, by such dates as may be instructed. All such instructions shall be given to the students in writing at the beginning of the course concerned. Reasonable notice of any alteration to them will also be given. A student who fails to comply with departmental instructions may be refused enrolment in and admission to degree examinations in the subject.

12. OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION

12.1 Protective Clothing , Health and Safety

Lab coats must be worn at all times in the student teaching laboratory in the practical classes. Students will refused entry to these classes if not wearing a lab coat.

12.2 Staff and Student Liason

All members of the staff involved in teaching the Veterinary Parasitology Course welcome the opportunity to discuss problems associated with the Course with students and you are invited to do this as appropriate. The members of staff can be contacted directly. Due to other commitments, it is advisable to make an appointment with the member of staff concerned, either directly by telephone to the extensions listed below or via the Teaching Unit. In the case of emergencies, at least one of the members of staff listed below can be contacted directly during term time. If you are experiencing difficulties you are encouraged to contact the 3rd year advisor, Dr J. Gilleard , your

25 5

Course Information

Regent or the Faculty Staff/Student Liaison Committee through the Third Year Representative as appropriate.

12.3 Staff

The staff primarily involved in teaching, examining and administering the Third Year Veterinary Parasitology Course are:

Professor Andy Tait: Professor, (extension 5750).

Professor Eileen Devaney: Professor , Quality Assurance Officer (extension 6925).

Professor Brian Shiels: Professor, (extension 5756) and Examinations Officer

Dr John Gilleard: Senior Lecturer (extension 5604) and Course Leader.

Dr Tony Page: MRC Senior Fellow (extension 1997)

Mr James McGoldrick: Chief Technician (extension 6926).

Arlene Macrae: Administrator, Teaching Unit (extension 6918)

Other staff undertaking research in the Department also may assist with practicals and tutorials.

26


Veterinary Parasitology - Third Year

Term I - Martinmas 2005

Wk Day Date Time Subject Lecturer Location1 Wed. 28/9 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LLP

IntroductionIntroduction to Nematodes

Introduction

EDED

ED, JMcG

AHAH

C LAB2 Wed. 5/10 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LLP

Cattle Nematodes ICattle Nematodes IICattle Nematodes

JGJG

JG, JMcG

AHAH

C LAB3 Wed. 12/10 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13-00

LLP

Sheep Nematodes ISheep Nematodes IISheep Nematodes

JGJG

JG, JMcG

AHAH

C LAB4 Wed. 19/10 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13-00

LLP

Dog/Cat Nematodes IDog/Cat Nematodes IIDog/Cat Nematodes

APED

AP,ED,JMcG

AHAH

C LAB5 Wed. 26/10 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13-00

LLP

Dog/Cat Nematodes IIIFilarial Nematodes

Filarial + Metastrongyles

EDED

ED, JMcG

AHAH

C LAB6 Wed. 2/11 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LLP

LungwormsPig NematodesLungworms/Pig

JGJG

JG, JMcG

AHAH

C LAB7 Mon. 7/11 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LLP

Horse Nematodes Bird Nematodes

Horse/Bird Nematodes

EDED

ED,JMcG

LADLAD

C LABTues. 8/11 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LLP

Cestodes ICestodes IICestodes

EDED

ED, JMcG

LADLAD

C LAB8 Mon. 14/11 9.30 - 10.30

10.30 – 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LLP

Flukes IFlukes II

Flukes Practical

BRSBRS

BRS, JMcG

LADLAD

C LABTues. 15/11 9.30 – 10.30

10.30 – 11.30LL

Zoonoses + Public HealthAnthelmintic resistance

EDJG

LADLAD

9 Mon. 21/11 9.30 – 12.30 Techniques Practical JMcG C LABTues. 22/11 9.30 - 12.30 Revision Practical/Tutorials*

PPractical/TutorialPPrasPracticaC LAB

10 Mon. 28/11 9.30 - 12.30 Revision Practical/Tutorials* C LABTues. 29/11 9.30 - 12.30 Revision Practical/Tutorials* C LAB

11 Mon. 5/12 9.30 – 12.30 Revision Practical/Tutorials* C LAB12 Mon

. 12/12 am

pmWritten Examination Practical Examination

*C LAB*

AP - Dr Tony Page; AT - Prof. Andy Tait; ED - Prof. Eileen Devaney; JG - Dr. John Gilleard; BRS- Prof. Brian Shiels; JMcG - Mr. James McGoldrickLarge Animal Demonstration Lecture Theatre (LAD), Assembly Hall (AH), Class Lab (C LAB) * See Notice Board for times/place

27 5

Course Information


Term II – Candlemas 2006

Wk Day Date Time Subject Lecturer Location13 Wed. 11/1 10.30 - 11.30

11.30 - 12.30LL

Intro to ProtozoaEimeria/Isospora

ATAT

AHAH

14 Wed. 18/1 10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 12.30

LL

ToxoplasmaSarcocystis

BRSBRS

LADLAD

15 Wed. 25/1 10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LP

NeosporaCoccidia Practical

ATBRS, AT, JMcG

LADC LAB

16 Wed. 1/2 10.30 - 11.3011.30 - 12.30

LL

Mastigophora IMastigophora II

ATAT

LADLAD

17 Wed. 8/2 10.30 - 11.3011.30 – 13.00

LP

Tickborne Disease IMastigophora Practical

BRSAT, JMcG

LADC LAB

18 Mon. 13/2 9.00 - 10.0010.00 – 11.0011.00 – 12.30

LLP

Tickborne Disease IITickborne Disease III

Tickborne Disease Practical

BRSBRS

BRS, JMcG

AHTCAHTCC LAB

Tues. 14/2 9.00 - 10.0010.00 – 11.0011.00 – 12.30

LLP

Flies IFlies II

Flies Practical

ATAT

AT, JMcG

LADLAD

C LAB

19 Mon. 20/2 10.30 – 11.3011.30 – 12.30

LL

Burrowing MitesNon Burrowing Mites

BRSBRS

AHTCAHTC

Tues. 21/2 10.00 – 11.0011.00 – 12.30

LP

Lice & FleasMites, Lice & Fleas

JGBRS, JG, JMcG

LADC LAB

20 Mon. 27/2 9.30 – 10.3010.30 –12.30

LP

Intro to OEA Revision Practical

All staffBRS, JG, AT,

JMcG

AHTCC LAB

Tues. 28/2 10.30 - 12.30 P Revision Practical BRS, JG, AT, JMcG

C LAB

21 Mon. 6/3 ampm

Written Examination Practical Examination

*C LAB*

AT - Prof. Andy Tait; ED - Prof. Eileen Devaney; JG - Dr. John Gilleard; BRS- Prof. Brian Shiels; JMcG - Mr. James McGoldrickAssembly Hall (AH) Large Animal Demonstration Lecture Theatre (LAD), Class Lab (C LAB), Animal Health Technology Centre Lecture Hall, Weipers Centre (AHTC)* See Notice Board for times/place

28



Term III - Whitsun 2006

Wk Day Date Time Subject Lecturer Location22 Wed. 12/4 OEA time

Fri. 14/4 Deadline for OEA submission

23 Wed. 19/4 10.30 – 13.30 Revision Tutorials*/Practical C LAB

Fri. 21/4 10.30 – 13.30 Revision Tutorials*/Practical C LAB





26 Wed 10/5 10.30 – 13.30 Revision Tutorials*/Practical C LAB

Fri 12/5 10.30 – 13.30 Revision Tutorials*/Practical C LAB

27

28 Fri 26/5 9.30 – 12.3015.00 – 16.30

Professional Exam Practical Exam

*C LABTBA*29

30 Mon 5/6 VIVAS *

AT - Prof. Andy Tait; ED - Prof. Eileen Devaney; JG - Dr. John Gilleard; BRS- Prof. Brian Shiels; JMcG - Mr. James McGoldrickClass Lab (C LAB)* See Notice Board for times/place

Professional exam dates to be confirmed

29 5

Course Information

PAST EXAMINATION PAPERS

Note:

Papers prior to 2004/2005 are in a different format.

30


Monday 29th August 2005 9.30am - 12.30pm

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION - B.V.M.S.


SECTION 1 – ESSAYS

Answer 3 questions from the possible 4 questions listed below.

Use a separate book for each question.

1. What is meant by the terms obligate and facultative myiasis ? Taking an example of one ectoparasite species responsible for each of these conditions, discuss the life cycle, pathogenesis and the epidemiology of the disease they cause.

2. Describe the pathogenesis of bovine ostertagiosis. Discuss the clinical presentation of this disease and the factors you would consider when making a diagnosis, including a description of the available diagnostic tests.

3. The life cycle of Toxocara canis involves several routes of infection. Describe each of these highlighting the most important route of transmission in dogs. Describe the factors that contribute to the persistence of infection in the dog population.

4. Describe the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii and the routes of transmission between hosts. Explain why this parasite is an important cause of ovine abortion and perinatal mortality in lambs. What methods can be implemented to control disease caused by this parasite?

Friday 27th MAY 2005 9.30am - 12.30pm

31 5

Course Information



Department of Veterinary Parasitology




1. Discuss the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the dog heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Describe the epidemiological features that determine the spread of this infection. List possible methods of preventing canine heartworm disease, explaining which methods are best.

2. Discuss the epidemiology of the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus in the UK. Explain how and why the epidemiology has changed over the last 10-15 years. Briefly discuss how this parasite is best controlled.

3. Using your knowledge of the parasite life cycles, discuss why the epidemiology and pathogenesis associated with Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum are significantly different.

4. You are called to a poultry farm as a result of the farmer reporting watery diarrhoea in some of the chickens. What protozoan parasites could be responsible? How would you ascertain if the cause was parasitic and identify the species responsible? Outline the life cycle of the parasite and the epidemiology of the disease. Discuss how the type of rearing effects the control measures appropriate for dealing with both the current situation and preventing future outbreaks.

Monday 30 August 2004 9.30am - 12.30pm

32








Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.

1. Arrested larval development (ALD) is an important feature of the life cycle of several important nematode parasites. Describe the role of ALD in the life cycle, pathogenesis and epidemiology of cyathostomins in the horse. What features of the biology of cyathostomins contribute to their veterinary significance?

2. Explain how and why the epidemiology of Nematodirus battus differs from that of Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta

3. Discuss why a warm wet summer is likely to increase losses in livestock productivity due to Fasciolosis. What measures would you consider to control against such losses.

4. What protozoan parasites infecting the gut of young stock are zoonotic? Describe the life cycles of these parasites, the pathogenic consequences of infection and their diagnosis. Discuss the key factors and routes of transmission that lead to infection in humans and livestock

5. Describe the differences between the life cycles and pathogenic significance of Ixodes ricinus and Demodex canis.

Monday 14 June 2004 9.30am - 12.30pm

UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW33 5

Course Information






Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.

1. Describe the life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus granulosus. How is this parasite transmitted to humans? Describe how you would monitor the prevalence of infection in domestic animals. What measures can be employed for controlling infection in humans and animals?

2. Compare and contrast the clinical signs , pathogenesis and diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 bovine Ostertagiosis.

3. Name the three Babesia species that are major pathogens of cattle. Describe the life cycle of Babesia and the pathogenesis caused by infection. What control methods can be adopted for preventing outbreaks of Babesiosis?

4. A UK dairy farmer reports that a number of cattle appear to be infertile. What protozoan parasite species could be responsible? Outline the life cycles of these parasites and discuss the epidemiology, transmission and control of infection.

5. Write short notes on:(i) Feline flea allergic dermatitis(ii) The life cycle and control of Dirofilaria immitis(iii) Obligate myiasis in the horse

Monday 1 September 2003 9.30am - 12.30pm

34





SECTION 1 - ESSAYS


Use a separate book for each question. Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.

1 Trypanosomiasis and East Coast Fever are major cattle diseases in East and Southern Africa. List the species of parasites responsible for these two diseases and outline the life cycle of one of these. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages available for the control of the parasite you have chosen.

2 Discuss the role of the intermediate host in determining the severity and occurrence

of fasciolosis in the UK.

3 Dirofilaria immitis infection has spread rapidly in the USA over the past 20 years. Based on your knowledge of the life cycle, describe the factors that contribute to the spread of infection. How is this infection best diagnosed and controlled?

4 Compare and contrast the clinical features and epidemiology of Type I and Type II bovine ostertagiosis.

5 Write short notes on the following: The parasite responsible for “warbles” and its significance in the UK. The veterinary significance, life cycle and diagnosis of leishmaniasis. How biology, life cycle and control differs between fleas and lice.

6 Write short notes on the following: The life cycle and epidemiology of Dipylidium caninum, including

methods of control. The reasons why cyathostomins are now the primary parasitic pathogens of

horses. Diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis.

Monday 16 June 2003 9.30am - 12.30pm


THIRD PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION

35 5

Course Information

BVMS


SECTION 1 - ESSAYS



You are advised to spend no more than 30 minutes on each question. Ensure that your correct MATRICULATION NUMBER is on each book.

1 You are called to a poultry farm and the farmer reports that his broiler chickens are not gaining weight and their faeces are watery. List the parasite species that could be responsible for this problem and how you would definitively diagnose the different species concerned? Describe the common life cycle of these parasites and discuss the advice you would give in terms of controlling this infection based on the epidemiology. Outline how your advice would differ in the case of layers or breeders.

2 Taking one example from the nematodes and one from the cestodes describe the life cycle of two parasites that give rise to zoonotic infection. Describe how these infections are transmitted to humans, the disease syndromes caused in the human host and the methods of controlling the spread of infection.

3 Discuss how the epidemiology and control of the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus differs from that of the major bovine gastrointestinal nematode species in the UK.

4 Mange of dogs can be a severe and debilitating disease. Name three genera of ectoparasites that cause this condition and outline their epidemiology and pathogenesis. Describe how you would differentially diagnose mange caused by these different genera.

5 Write short notes on the following

(a) The pathogenesis of Ancylostoma caninum infection in the dog, describing how animals become infected with this parasite.

(b) Ovine haemonchosis(c) Pathogenesis and clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis

6 Write short notes on the following

(a) Blow fly myiasis(b) The transmission and veterinary significance of Neospora caninum(c) Epidemiology of red water fever in the UK

ESSENTIAL COMPETENCES REQUIRED OF THE VETERINARY SURGEONINTRODUCTION1. An important statutory function of RCVS is to determine the “standard of proficiency” and “knowledge

and skill” to fit veterinary surgeons for practising in the United Kingdom. The standard set for registration is a key benchmark that affects the approval of veterinary degree courses in the UK and overseas, and should also be seen as the starting point for consideration of an individual’s continuing

36


education and training needs after registration. Maintaining and further developing professional competence is a requirement for all veterinary surgeons.

2. This document sets out the essential competences required of the veterinary surgeon for membership of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

3. There are many definitions of ‘competence’ and many views on how it can be developed and assessed. In general terms, however, competence is a concept that integrates knowledge, skills and attitudes, the application of which enables the professional to perform effectively, and to respond to contingencies, change, and the unexpected.

4. This document takes a broad definition of competence as being “the ability to perform the roles and tasks required by one’s job to the expected standard” (Eraut & Boulay, 20001). The definition recognises that requirements and expectations change depending on the job role and context. It also recognises that competence develops, and that an individual may work ‘competently’ at many different levels, either at different stages of their career, or indeed from one day to the next depending on the nature of their work.

5. Eraut and Boulay (2000) point out the importance of distinguishing between an individual’s competence – what one can do, and performance – what one actually does. RCVS is concerned with competence when it undertakes its primary function of determining “the standard of proficiency required for registration” and ensuring that individuals “will have acquired the knowledge and skill needed for the efficient practice of veterinary surgery” (Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966, section 3). Performance may be affected by factors such as workload, working conditions, levels of support, and so on. The regulation of performance is a function of RCVS through its statutory disciplinary powers.

6. The essential competences have been broken down into three main areas. They are:

- A General professional competences and attributes

describing the distinguishing characteristics of a veterinary surgeon- B Underpinning knowledge and understanding

describing in general terms the breadth of knowledge and understanding needed for a

career as a veterinary surgeon, and for subsequent professional development in

whatever sphere of veterinary science the individual wishes to pursue- C Practically-based veterinary competences

describing the basic practical competences that are expected at the point of

graduation.

1 “Developing the Attributes of Medical Professional Judgement and Competence”, a review funded by the Postregistration Medical and Dental Education Research Initiative of the Dept. of Health’s Policy Research Programme, by Professor Michael Eraut and Benedict du Boulay, University of Sussex. The full paper is available on the web at http:/www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/bend/doh

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The ten guiding principles of the RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct should be seen as overarching requirements for registration (and by implication, continued registration) with the College. The Guide states that:

Your clients are entitled to expect that you will: - 1. make animal welfare your first consideration in seeking to provide the most appropriate

attention for animals committed to your care2. ensure that all animals under your care are treated humanely and with respect3. maintain and continue to develop your professional knowledge and skills4. foster and maintain a good relationship with your clients, earning their trust, respecting their

views and protecting client confidentiality5. uphold the good reputation of the veterinary profession6. ensure the integrity of veterinary certification7. foster and endeavour to maintain good relationships with your professional colleagues8. understand and comply with your legal obligations in relation to the prescription, safe-

keeping and supply of veterinary medicinal products9. familiarise yourself with and observe the relevant legislation in relation to veterinary

surgeons as individual members of the profession, employers, employees and business owners

10. respond promptly, fully and courteously to complaints and criticism.

ESSENTIAL COMPETENCES REQUIRED OF THE NEW VETERINARY GRADUATE

“DAY ONE SKILLS”

A1 - GENERAL PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND ATTRIBUTESThe new veterinary graduate should be able to:A1.1 Communicate effectively with clients, the lay public, professional colleagues and responsible

authorities; listen effectively and respond sympathetically to clients and others, using language in a form appropriate to the audience and the context

A1.2 Prepare clear case reports and maintain patient records in a form satisfactory to colleagues and understandable by the public

A1.3 Work effectively as a member of a multi-disciplinary team in the delivery of services to clientsA1.4 Be aware of the ethical responsibilities of the veterinary surgeon in relation to individual patient care

and client relations, and also more generally in the community in relation to their possible impact on the environment and society as a whole

A1.5 Be aware of the economic and emotional climate in which the veterinary surgeon operates, and respond appropriately to the influence of such pressures

A1.6 Be willing to use one’s professional capabilities to contribute as far as possible to the advancement of veterinary knowledge in order to benefit veterinary practice and further improve the quality of animal care and public health

A1.7 Have an elementary knowledge of the organisation and management of a veterinary practice, including:

awareness of own and employer’s responsibilities in relation to employment and health and safety legislation, and the position relating to lay staff and public liability

awareness of how fees are calculated and invoices drawn up, and the importance of following the practice’s systems for record keeping and book-keeping, including computer records and case reports

ability to use information technology effectively to communicate, share, collect, manipulate and analyse information

importance of complying with professional standards and policies of the practiceA1.8 Understand the need and professional obligation for a commitment to continuing education and

training, and professional development, throughout one’s professional life

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A1.9 Conduct oneself in a professional manner with regard to the veterinary surgeon’s professional and legal responsibilities and understand and apply the ethical codes as set out in the RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct

A1.10 Be able to cope with uncertainty and adapt to changeA1.11 Develop a capacity for self-audit and willingness to participate in the peer-review processA1.12 Be aware of personal limitations, and demonstrate awareness of when and from where to seek

professional advice, assistance and support. (Commentary: This last item is considered to be one of the most important, and should guide all new

veterinary graduates when undertaking their professional duties. Veterinary surgeons undertaking procedures on patients must at all stages in their careers be fully competent in their performance, or be under the close supervision of those so competent. When in doubt, the new veterinary graduate must seek professional support and in the interests of animal and human health, should not attempt to undertake complex procedures unsupervised.)

B1 - UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The new veterinary graduate will need to have acquired a thorough knowledge and understanding of

the following: B1.1 The sciences on which the activities of veterinary surgeons are based B1.2 Research methods and the contribution of basic and applied research to all

aspects of veterinary scienceB1.3 How to evaluate evidenceB1.4 The structure and functions of healthy animals, and all aspects of their husbandry B1.5 The aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of the common diseases and

disorders that occur in the common domestic species in the UKB1.6 Legislation relating to the welfare (including transport) of animals and notifiable diseasesB1.7 Medicines legislation and guidelines on responsible use of medicinesB1.8 The principles of disease prevention and the promotion of health and welfareB1.9 Veterinary public health issues including zoonoses.

C1 - PRACTICAL COMPETENCES

The new veterinary graduate should be able to undertake the following:

C1.1 Obtain an accurate and relevant history of the individual animal or animal group, and its/their environment

C1.2 Handle and restrain an animal safely and humanely, and instruct others in performing these techniques

C1.3 Perform a complete clinical examinationC1.4 Attend all species in an emergency and perform basic first aid (Commentary: problems to be handled for any species include first aid management of haemorrhage, wounds, breathing

difficulties, eye & ear injuries, unconsciousness, clinical deterioration, burns, tissue damage, internal organ damage and cardiac arrest. First aid to be applied includes bandaging, cleaning, immobilising limbs, resuscitation procedures, haemorrhage control.)

C1.5 Assess correctly the nutritional status of an animal and be able to advise the client on principles of husbandry and feeding

(Commentary: this applies to commonly presented cases and would not, for example, be expected to include advanced nutritional advice for complex cases, eg. high performance horses, high yielding diary cows, certain exotic or zoological species.)

C1.6 Collect, preserve and transport samples, perform standard laboratory tests, and interpret the results of those generated in-house, as well as those generated by other laboratories

(Commentary: new graduates are expected to have a working knowledge of tests to be undertaken include conditions relating to infectious & contagious diseases; alimentary system; respiratory system; circulatory system; urinary system; nervous system; endocrine system; mucucutaneous system; musculoskeletal system; trauma; poisoning; obstetrics; paediatrics; parturition; reproduction)

C1.7 Use radiographic, ultrasonic, and other technical equipment which can be used as a diagnostic aid, safely and in accordance with current regulations

C1.8 Follow correct procedures after diagnosing notifiable, reportable and zoonotic diseasesC1.9 Know and apply the RCVS twelve Principles of Certification correctly

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C1.10 Access the appropriate sources of data on licensed medicines; prescribe and dispense medicines correctly and responsibly in accordance with relevant legislation and ensure that medicines and waste are safely stored and/or disposed of

C1.11 Correctly apply principles of sterilisation of surgical equipmentC1.12 Correctly apply principles of aseptic surgery

C1.13 Safely perform sedation, general and regional anaesthesia, implement chemical methods of

restraint, and assess and control painC1.14 Advise on, and administer appropriate treatment (Commentary: the new veterinary surgeon must always seek professional advice and support if presented with a case

beyond his or her immediate capability – see item A.12)C1.15 Recognise when euthanasia is necessary and perform it humanely, using an appropriate method,

whilst showing sensitivity to the feelings of owners and others, and with due regard to the safety of those present; advise on disposal of the carcase

C1.16 Perform a basic gross post mortem examination, record details, sample tissues, store and transport them

C1.17 Perform ante mortem inspection of animals destined for the food chain and correctly identify conditions affecting the quality and safety of products of animal origin

C1.18 Assess and implement basic health and welfare records (and production records where appropriate)

C1.19 Advise on, and carry out preventive and prophylactic programmes appropriate to the species and commensurate with accepted animal health, welfare and public health standards, seeking advice and assistance where necessary from professional colleagues

C1.20 Minimise the risks of contamination, cross infection and accumulation of pathogens in the veterinary premises and in the field.

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Documents

INFORMATION FOR THE THIRD YEAR COURSE IN · Web view6.1.15 Cestodes I 9 6.1.16 Cestodes II 9-10 Trematodes (Flukes) I 10 Trematodes (Flukes) II 10 Zoonotic + Public Health 11 Anthelmintic