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Influence of Nicotine on the Tribocorrosion Behavior of
Ti6Al4V Alloy in Artificial Saliva Dmitry Royhman
Advisor: Dr. Mathew & Dr. Sukotjo
February 21st 2014
Background
• TI-6Al-4V is a widely accepted metal for dental implants due to its biocompatable and osseointegrative properties
Mavrogenis AF, et al., J. Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 2009
• Biomechanical forces and electrochemical attack from
the surrounding environment can cause the implant to degrade, leading to implant rejection
Yan Y, et al. Wear, 2007
• Clinical significance: released metal particles can lead to an adverse biological reaction resulting in local pain, swelling, and bone loss surrounding the implant
Sharan D., Orthopaedic Update (India), 1999
2
Nicotine
• An estimated 46 million people (20.6% of all adults) aged 18 years and older in the United States smoke cigarettes
CDS: Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report, 2010
• Nicotine is a plant derived extract and a natural alkaloid Connolly GN et al., Tob Control, 2007
• Nicotine content in cigarettes has slowly increased over the
years, and one study found that there was an average increase of 1.6% per year, from 1998 to 2005, in Machine-measured levels of smoke in cigarettes
Connolly GN et al., Tob Control, 2007
3
Motivation for the Study
• Smoking is known to increase implant failure rate Hinode D. Clinical oral implants research. 2006
• There is a limited amount of information available on the effect of
nicotine’s effect on the mechanical and chemical behavior of implants in simulated physiological conditions
• To investigate the corrosive behavior of TI6Al4V when exposed to
artificial saliva in different pH levels and nicotine concentrations
• Hypothesis: Increased nicotine concentration will increase the tribocorrosion behavior of TI6Al4V
5
Ceramic on Ti6Al4V
pH 3.0
Free Potential
Control (n=3)
5 mg/ml (n=3)
Potentiostatic
Control (n=3)
1 mg/ml (n=3)
5 mg/ml (n=3)
20 mg/ml (n=3)
pH 6.5
Free Potential
Control (n=3)
5 mg/ml (n=3)
Potentiostatic
Control (n=3)
1 mg/ml (n=3)
5 mg/ml (n=3)
20 mg/ml (n=3)
Experimental Design
7
Condition
Tests
Conc.
Cleaning
600 Sec
OCP
600 Sec
PS
600 Sec
EIS PS
600 Sec
PS
600 Sec
PS
1800 Sec
PS
600 Sec
PS
600 Sec
EIS OCP
600 Sec
Cleaning
600 Sec
OCP
600 Sec
EIS OCP
600 Sec
OCP
600 Sec
OCP
1800 Sec
OCP
600 Sec
OCP
600 Sec
EIS OCP
600 Sec
Final Stabilization
Initial Stabilization
Tribocorrosion Test
Sliding Apply Load Release Load End Test Start Test
Experiment Protocol
Corrosion Potential Measurement (Free Potential)
Final Stabilization
Initial Stabilization
Tribocorrosion Test
Sliding Apply Load Release Load End Test Start Test
Potentiostatic Tests (Applying Potential)
8
Free Potential Tests
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
Pote
ntial (V
vs S
CE
)
Time (s)
pH 6.5 Control
pH 6.5 5mg/ml
pH 3.0 Control
pH 3.0 5mg/ml
Resistance to Polarization
-1.00E+06
0.00E+00
1.00E+06
2.00E+06
3.00E+06
4.00E+06
5.00E+06
6.00E+06
7.00E+06
pH 6.5 Control pH 6.5 5 mg pH 3.0 Control pH 3.0 5 mg
Rp
(O
hm
s)
Before Sliding After Sliding
CPE
0.00E+00
5.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.50E-05
2.00E-05
2.50E-05
3.00E-05
3.50E-05
4.00E-05
4.50E-05
5.00E-05
pH 6.5 Control pH 6.5 5 mg pH 3.0 Control pH 3.0 5 mg
Rp
(O
hm
s)
Before Sliding After Sliding
Free Potential Weight Loss
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
Control 5 mg/ml
Wei
ght
Loss
(u
g)
pH 6.5 pH 3.0
Potentiostatic pH 3.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
0.0
2.0x10-6
4.0x10-6
6.0x10-6
8.0x10-6
Control
1 mg/ml
5 mg/ml
20 mg/ml
Cur
rent
Den
sity
(A/c
m2 )
Time (s)
Potentiostatic pH 6.5
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
0.0
2.0x10-6
4.0x10-6
6.0x10-6
8.0x10-6
Control
1mg/ml
5mg/ml
20mg/ml
Cur
rent
Den
sity
(A
/cm
2 )
Row Numbers
Resistance to Polarization
0.00E+00
1.00E+06
2.00E+06
3.00E+06
4.00E+06
5.00E+06
6.00E+06
7.00E+06
8.00E+06
Rp
(O
hm
s)
Before Sliding After Sliding
Capacitance
0.00E+00
1.00E-05
2.00E-05
3.00E-05
4.00E-05
5.00E-05
6.00E-05
CP
E (O
hm
s)
Before Sliding After Sliding
Weight Loss
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
Wei
ght
Loss
(µ
g)
Kwc average Kc Average Kw average
References
• Mavrogenis AF, Dimitriou R, Parvizi J, Babis GC: Biology of implant osseointegration. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2009; 9(2):61-71
• Yan Y, Neville A, Dowson D. Tribo-corrosion properties of cobalt-based medical implant alloys in simulated biological environments. Wear. 2007 Sep;263(7-12):1105–11.
• Connolly GN, Alpert HR, Wayne GF, Koh H: Trends in nicotine yield in smoke and its relationship with design characteristics among popular US cigarette brands, 1997-2005. Tob Control 16:e5, 2007
• CDS: Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report. (ed. 35). 2010, p 40 • Raja PB, Sethuraman MG: Natural products as corrosion inhibitor for metals
in corrosive media ‚Äî A review. Materials Letters 62:113, 2008 • Sharan D: The problem of corrosion in orthopaedic implant materials.
Orthopaedic Update (India) Vol. 9, No. 1, April 1999 • Hinode D, Tanabe S, Yokoyama M, Fujisawa K, Yamauchi E, Miyamoto Y.
Influence of smoking on osseointegrated implant failure: a meta-analysis. Clinical oral implants research. 2006;17(4):473–8.
20