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Influence, Influence, Empowerment,Empowerment,

and Politicsand Politics

Chapter Fifteen

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Learning Objectives

LO.1 Explain the concept of mutuality of interest.

LO.2 Name at least three “soft” and two “hard” influence tactics, and summarize the practical lessons from influence research.

LO.3 Identify and briefly describe French and Raven’s five bases of power, and discuss the responsible use of power.

LO.4 Define the term empowerment , and explain why it is a matter of degree.

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Learning Objectives (cont.)

LO.5 Explain why delegation is the highest form of empowerment, and discuss the connections among delegation, trust, and personal initiative.

LO.6 Define organizational politics, and explain what triggers it.

LO.7 Distinguish between favorable and unfavorable impression management tactics.

LO.8 Explain how to manage organizational politics.

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The Constant Tug-of-War between Self-Interest and Mutuality of Interest Requires Managerial Action

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Social Power

Social power ability to marshal the

human, informational, and material resources to get something done

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Five Bases of Power

Reward power obtaining compliance by promising or granting

rewards.

Coercive power obtaining compliance through threatened or

actual punishment.

Legitimate power obtaining compliance through formal authority.

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Five Bases of Power

Expert power obtaining compliance through one’s knowledge

or information.

Referent power obtaining compliance through charisma or

personal attraction.

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Empowerment: From PowerSharing to Power Distribution

Empowerment recognizing and releasing into the organization

the power that people already have in their wealth of useful knowledge, experience, and internal motivation.

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The Evolution of Power

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Participative Management

Participative management process whereby employees play a direct role

in setting goals, making decisions, solving problems, and making changes in the organization

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Delegation

Delegation the process of granting decision-making

authority to lower-level employees amounts to power distribution

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Personal Initiative: The Other Side of Delegation

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Randolph’s Empowerment Model

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Domain of Organizational Politics

Organizational politics intentional acts of influence to enhance or

protect the self-interests of individuals or groups

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Levels of Political Action in Organizations