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INFINITIVE VS.
GERUND
VERB PATTERNS 1VERB PATTERNS 1
VB+GERUNDVB+GERUND
(To create a NOUN from a verb to express a general idea)
Verbs Followed by a Gerund“They enjoyed working on the boat”.
admitadviseappreciateavoidcan't helpcompleteconsider
delaydenydetestdislikeenjoyescapeexcuse
finishforbidget throughhaveimaginemindmiss
permitpostponepracticequitrecallreportresent
resistresumeriskspend (time)suggesttoleratewaste (time)
VB+GERUNDVB+GERUNDList of verbs followed by –ing formList of verbs followed by –ing form
WE USE THE INFINITIVE:WE USE THE INFINITIVE: After some adjectives and/or adverbs:
To form the subject of a verb that refers to something specific:
“To answer this question is essential”
VB+ TO INFINITIVEVB+ TO INFINITIVE
VB+INFINITIVE ≠ TOVB+INFINITIVE ≠ TO AFTER MODAL AND SEMI-MODAL VERBS:
Would Would rather Can Will
AFTER CERTAIN VERBS AND EXPRESSIONS:
VB + OBJECT+ TO INFINITIVEVB + OBJECT+ TO INFINITIVE
AFTER the INDIRECT OBJECT of certain verbs: (sb/sth to do)
AskTell Pay Allow Teach Help Would like Want
VB +OBJECT+INFINITIVE ≠TOVB +OBJECT+INFINITIVE ≠TO
WITH SOME VERBS AND VERBS OF PERCEPTION:
(sb/sth do)MakeHelpLetHearSeeFeel
List of verbs followed by Infinitive:Verbs Followed by an Infinitive“She agreed to speak before the game.”
agreeaimappeararrangeask attemptbe ablebegbegincare choosecondescend
consentcontinuedaredecidedeservedetestdislikeexpectfailforgetgethappen
havehesitatehopehurryintendleapleavelikelonglovemeanneglect
offeroughtplanpreferprepareproceedpromiseproposerefuseremembersay
shootstartstopstriveswearthreatentryusewaitwantwish
Verbs followed by Object and an Infinitive:Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive“Everyone expected her to win.”
adviseallowaskbegbringbuildbuychallenge
choosecommanddaredirectencourageexpectforbidforce
havehireinstructinviteleadleaveletlike
lovemotivateorderpaypermitpersuadepreparepromise
remindrequiresendteachtellurgewantwarn
Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list aboveand may be used without an object.
Gerunds and infinitives: Verbs which choice affects the meaning!!!
• Remember and Forget• Stop• Try
Remember and ForgetYou should remember to post the letter
I shall always remember meeting you for the first time
Remember/forget + infinitive for necessary actions (future)
Remember/forget + gerund for memories of the past (past)
stopI stopped to smoke a cigarette
I stopped smoking cigarettes
Stop+ infinitive. To stop an activity so you can do something else
Stop+ gerund. To end an action, finish doing something
TryI´ll try to do it tomorrow
I tried cooking this new dish
Try + infinitive implies to make an effort
Try + gerund means to experiment with something