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Uncovering TurfExamining the modern turf complexities and
infills
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Overview
• History of Artificial Turf• Turf vs Natural Grass• Field Types
• Base• Drainage design• Pad• Turf• Infill• Maintenance
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Components/ Ingredients
Common Core State Standard
• CCSS 9‐10.RI.8‐ Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.
• Objectives:• The student will be able to identify the modes of persuasion: logos, ethos, pathos.
• The student will be able to understand logical fallacies.
Modes of Persuasion
Yesterday’s Challenges
• Field more sports• Consistent surface• Reduce maintenance costs/time• Reduce water usage• Upfront cost
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Today’s Challenges
• Surface heat• Concussions• Sustainability
• Upfront Cost• Lifecycle cost
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Today’s Challenges• 2014: NBC News with Brian Williams: News story breaks involving University of Washington’s Assistant Soccer Coach, Amy Griffin, and her accusation that crumb rubber may be causing cancer in student athletes, particularly goal keepers.
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Todays Challenges
• SB47• OEHHSA Study (California)• Federal Study
SB‐47
SB‐47
• The Children’s Safe Playground and Turf Field Act of 2015• Senator Jerry Hill (D‐ San Mateo & Santa Clara counties)• Prohibit installation of crumb rubber in fields until Jan 1, 2018• CA Senate Committee on Appropriations denied bill May 28, 2015
Current Studies‐ California
• Due by end of 2018• Comprised of five separate tasks:
• 1) expert and stakeholder input and consultation• 2) hazard identification• 3) exposure scenario development• 4) sampling and analysis of new and in‐field synthetic turf• 5) biomonitoring study protocol development
• Researchers will consider the effect of ingesting and inhaling the material as well as skin exposure to it in children and adults.
• OEHHA will conduct an assessment of potential health impacts associated with use of synthetic turf and playground mats.
• Before the assessment is finalized, OEHHA will hold workshops to elicit public comment and the assessment will also undergo review by a panel of scientific experts
Previous Studies‐ California
• 2007 & 2010
California‐ 2007 OEHHA Study
• Three routes of child exposure to chemicals in the rubber were considered:
• 1) ingestion of loose rubber tire shreds (acute exposure)• 2) ingestion via hand‐to‐surface contact followed by hand‐to‐mouth contact (chronic exposure)
• 3) skin sensitization via dermal contact (acute exposure)
Federal Study
• EPA, ATSDR, CPSC‐ Draft due by end of 2016• Comprised of three separate tasks
• Fill important data and knowledge gaps• Characterize constituents of recycled tire crumb• Identify ways in which people may be exposed to tire crumb based on their activities on the fields.
California‐ 2007 OEHHA Study
• 49 chemicals identified• “Overall, we consider it unlikely that a one time ingestion of tire shreds would produce adverse health effects.”
Limitations in Current Studies
• It is true that the Research Plan is not without problems.• A Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility review cautioned that the Federal Research Plan is not a plan to action but a plan to study.
• It primarily leads to more questions and only defines gaps in exposure.
For Crumb Rubber• 50+ studies completed on crumb rubber and its health impacts
• Longevity of use worldwide
• Simulated use study• Carbon black
Against Crumb Rubber
Alternatives to Crumb Rubber
Infill‐ Things to Consider• Organic vsInorganic
• Prop 65• Heat• Performance• Safety• Aesthetics• Cost
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Crumb Rubber
PROS• Sustainability‐ Reusable• Low upfront cost• Most widely used and proven infill• Low lifecycle cost• Does not float• Non‐abrasive• Domestic sourcing• Grooming maintenance• Anti‐Microbial• Warranty 10 years
CONS• Heat• Not Prop 65 complaint• Not fire resistant
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Virgin Rubber‐ EPDM
Pros• Wide range of colors• Less heat • Prop 65 compliant*• Does not float• Anti‐microbial• Fire resistant• Non‐abrasive• Fire resistant• Warranty 8‐10 years
Cons• Not sustainable• Higher cost• High lifecycle cost
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
RSI
PROS• Cooler surface heat• Sustainability‐ Reusable• Low lifecycle cost• Low maintenance• Does not compact• Homogenous install• Anti‐microbial• Fire resistant• UV Stable
CONS• Upfront cost‐medium• Pad required• Relative abrasiveness‐Medium/High
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Virgin Rubber‐ TPE
PROS• Less hot• Somewhat sustainable (separate sand)
• Maintenance‐ grooming• Does not float• Resilient• Fire resistant‐ available• Non abrasive• Warranty 8‐10 years• Domestic & international sourcing
CONS• Susceptible to heat • Sand ballast• Pad needed• Higher cost
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Solar Radiation Map
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Organic Infills
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Corkonut
PROS• Evaporative cooling• Sustainability‐ Compostable• Prop 65 compliant• Fire resistant‐ cork• Non abrasive
CONS• Regularly wetting to reduce heat and maintain balance
• Floats• High cost• High maintenance cost (Active Maintenance)
• Sand ballast• May harbor disease/bacteria• Breaks down
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Zeolite
PROS• Naturally occurring• Prop 65 compliant• Low upfront cost• Cooling
CONS• Not a performance infill• May break down• May harbor bacteria• Not proven• Abrasive
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Other Organics
Walnut Shells• Tree nut allergies• Abrasive• May harbor bacteria• Prop 65 compliant• Not proven
Shoe Rubber• Post consumer• 75k‐90k pairs of shoes per field• Used in combination with other infills
• Internationally sourced• Not proven
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
What you need to do
• Define your needs• Develop a budget• Consult a systems specialist• Develop specs with a team (systems specialist, architect, facilities staff, school staff..etc)
• Hold a town hall meeting
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Surface HeatRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
Cool Less Hot Hot
SustainabilityRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
Not Sustainable Somewhat Sustainable Sustainable
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Upfront Cost
RSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
Low Medium HighJay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Lifecycle CostRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
Low Medium HighJay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
MaintenanceRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
Low Medium HighJay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
FloatRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
Does Not Somewhat Floats Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
WarrantyRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Fire ResistantRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
No Available YesJay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Relative AbrasivenessRSI
Cork
Corkonut
TPE
EPDM
Crumb Rubber
No Somewhat YesJay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Maintenance
• Maximize appearance and longevity• Ensure maximum performance and playability• Address field usage and special circumstances• Meet field’s warranty requirements
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Components of Maintenance• Conduct inspections and perform minor repairs
• Keep playing surface clean of debris and contaminants
• Check/maintain proper infill levels (GMAX)
• Brush to preserve appearance and keep fibers upright
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Maintenance Equipment
• Drag brushes, mats, and nets• Hand held equipment• High pressure cleaner• Maintenance log
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
Other Applications
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]
JAY DIXONSystems Specialist(714) 380‐4568
www.TurfConsultant.com
Jay Dixon | 714.380.4568 | [email protected]