INFECTION CONTROL MANDATORY EDUCATION - · PDF fileinfection control mandatory education to be undertaken on a self-directed learning basis. N.B. This is the basic level of knowledge

Infection Control Learning Resource Pack – Standard Precautions.

INFECTION CONTROL LEARNING RESOURCE PACK:

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Sister Julie Kent For: SUHT INFECTION CONTROL TEAM June 2004

Created by kentj1© Standard Precautions - Learning Resource Pack

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CONTENTS

Page Introduction to Pack 3-4 Worksheets: Introduction to Standard Precautions 5-7 & the Chain of Infection. Hand Hygiene 8-13 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 14-19 Sharps Safety 20-22 Safe Handling of Blood & Body Fluid Spillages 23-24 Cleaning & Decontamination of Equipment. 25-27 Care of linen 28-30 Disposal of Waste 31-32 References 33 Record of Completion of LRP 34


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INFECTION CONTROL LEARNING RESOURCE PACK: STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Introduction to Pack ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Welcome to this learning resource pack (LRP) for infection control mandatory education/ annual update. As part of the requirements of Clinical Governance, all staff must receive an annual update in Infection Control. New staff must also receive information about Infection Control during Induction. This pack has been designed by the Infection Control Team to enable infection control mandatory education to be undertaken on a self-directed learning basis. N.B. This is the basic level of knowledge needed for good infection control clinical practice. The focus of the LRP is on Standard Infection Control Precautions. The LRP is designed for you to undertake with the purpose of enhancing and developing your knowledge with regard to standard infection control precautions in order to facilitate safe, effective infection control practice and thus prevent the spread of infection. The following topics are covered in this LRP:

Introduction to Standard Precautions & the chain of Infection Hand Hygiene Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Sharps Safety Safe Handling of blood & body fluid spillages Cleaning & Decontamination of Equipment Care of Linen Disposal of Waste & Excreta

In addition, SUHT policies will be focused on throughout the pack as a basis for guiding your practice.


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How to use the LRP ………………………………………………………………………………………….. The LRP can be undertaken as a whole, in one go, or as individual worksheets over a period of time. However, it must be remembered that despite being divided into sections, each section must be viewed as integral with the others to view Standard Precautions as a whole. Evidence of completion of the LRP should be kept by your manager or directorate education lead. You are therefore required to complete the record sheet that can be found on page 34, as you progress through the pack. Content ………………………………………………………………………………………….. The LRP contains a variety of materials – text, activities and reading, which have been developed to facilitate your learning and progression through the pack. Throughout the pack you will need to refer to identified SUHT policies that can be found in the infection control folder located in your clinical area or downloaded from the SUHTranet. In order to demonstrate that the learning outcomes have been met, activities are included for you to complete. You can check your learning and understanding against the answer sheets provided for each worksheet that can be found in the accompanying answer pack. Aims and Learning Outcome. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Aim: To develop and enhance knowledge and practice of Standard Infection Control Precautions, in order to facilitate the implementation of safe, effective infection control practice. Learning outcome:

• To understand and implement Standard Infection Control Precautions in practice.


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Introduction to Standard Precautions & the Chain of Infection

Within the hospital setting both patients and Healthcare workers are at risk of acquiring infection. Risk to patients. Emmerson et al (1996) identified that approximately 1 in 10 patients acquire an infection in hospital. However, patients will also develop an infection after they leave hospital. Risk to staff Gould & Brooker (2000) identify that infection is an occupational health risk for health professionals, the most serious threat being exposure to blood and body fluids leading to infection with blood borne viruses, e.g. HIV, Hepatitis B. E.g. Staff who have an accidental inoculation injury, have a 30% risk of developing Hepatitis B when the source patient is infected (UK Health Departments 1998). Infection prevention and control is designed to protect you, patients, visitors and your colleagues.

We are all responsible for infection prevention and control.

Transmission of infection is considered as part of a cycle- ‘The Chain of Infection’. In order to prevent the transmission of infection it is necessary to break the chain.


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The Chain of Infection The transmission of infection can be considered as part of a cycle, which will continue as long as all of the following elements are in place:

The micro organism e.g. MRSA, C.diff

SOURCE

e.g. an infected or colonised person, or contaminated equipment.

Person vulnerable to infection, reduced immunity,presence of invasive devices

SUSCEPTIBLE

HOST

RESERVOIR

MODE OF SPREAD

PORTAL OF

ENTRY

MODE OF

TRANSMISSION

Ingestion (faecal oral), inhalation (respiratory equipment), inoculation (via break in skin)

Body fluid (faeces, urine, Respiratory secretions, blood etc.)

E.g. Hands, Contaminated equipment.


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How to Break the Chain

‘Use Standard Precautions’. Used correctly they help to prevent the spread of infection from staff o patient, patient to staff and patient to patient.

hat are Standard Precautions?

t W Standard precautions are the basic principles of infection control that should underpin safe practice, in order to protect both staff and patients rom infection:

hese include:

ive Equipment (PPE)

es ontamination of Equipment

Disposal of Waste & Excreta

ection control should be used in the care f all

f T

Hand Hygiene Personal Protect Sharps Safety Safe Handling of blood & body fluid spillag Cleaning & Dec Care of Linen

These basic standards of info patients at all times.

You are pe implementing your persona risk of infe

lleagues anco


REMEMBER: rsonally responsible forstandard precautions in

l practice to reduce thection to yourself, your

d your patients.

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Activity 1

HAND HYGIENE

1. Read the SUHT Hand Hygiene Policy 2. Locate a hand hygiene poster demonstrating the steps of effective hand hygiene.

he hands play a major role in the transmission of infection.

the single most effective method of preventing he spread of infection.

icro-organisms are commonly found on the skin and can be described as:

protecting the skin from invasion by more

issues and establish infections. Removal is desirable in hese situations.

and are responsible for the

hey are easily removed by hand washing.

T Effective hand hygiene ist M Resident Flora Normal flora or ‘commensal organisms’, forming part of the body’s normal defence mechanisms, andharmful micro-organisms. They rarely cause disease and are of minor significance in routine clinical situations. However, during surgery or other invasive procedures they may enter deep tt Transient Flora Those acquired by touch from the environment e.g. touching patients, laundry, equipment etc. They are located superficially on the skin, readily transmitted to the next thing touched, majority of healthcare acquired infection. T


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Activity 2

-

otentially results in hands becoming contaminated. (Pratt et al 001)

hen to carry out hand hygiene

area with patients

ood

gloves

• forming aseptic procedures, e.g. catheterisation, wound

ive devices, e.g. central venous catheters • After handling linen

Make a list of when should you carry out hand hygiene

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hands must be decontaminated immediately before each and everyepisode of direct patient contact/care and after any activity or contact that p2 W

• Before commencing work/after leaving clinical • Before and after direct contact• Before and after handling f• Before handling medicines • After contact with blood or body fluids • Before donning and after removing• Before and after using the toilet

Before perdressings

• Before handling invas


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Hand hygiene includes

bs and gels • Surgical hand scrub

ctivity 3

• Hand washing with soap and water • Use of alcohol hand ru

A

. After removing soiled bed linen.

. B

. B

. A

. A

1 2 3 4 5

How would you decontaminate your hands in the following circumstances?

CreaStan

Soap and water ٱ Alcohol gel ٱ

etween patient observations.

efore handling food.

fter emptying a urinary catheter bag.
fter cleaning up a blood spillage.
ted by kentj1© dard Precautions - Learning Resource Pack

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6. Before administering intravenous antibiotics.

-----------------------------------------------

ompliance

he occa(Albert & Condie, 1981)

ctivity 4

C

It has been shown that hospital personnelwith patients on only 41% of tindicated. A

Lack of time

. No paper towels

. No hand towels

1. 2


All surfacnateddecontami water

2


REMEMBER! es of the hands must be during hand hygiene (soap and and/or alcohol gel)

------------------------------------

sions when hand washing was wash their hands after contact
How would you overcome the following obstacles toeffective hand hygiene?
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3. Sink obstructed, e.g. medicine pots

. Soap/alcohol dispensers empty

Wearing of rings or wristwatches

Long or false nails.

ese obstacles in your clinical area, discuss them ith your line manager.

4 5. 6. If you identify any of thw

Your skin is yourkin in good condit

g a moistus and usin

problems


REMEMBER! defence to infection. Keep your ion by drying your hands properlyriser regularly. Report any skin to Occupational Health.

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Activity 5 AND FINALLY

--------------

Created by kentj1© Standard Precautions

Referring to the Hand Hygiene Poster, go to a sinkand carry out effective hand hygiene. Ask acolleague to observe your practice.

------------------------------------------

REMEMBER! Effective hand hygiene saves

lives!

- Learning Resource Pack 13


Th• rker (HCW) from occupational

• To protect patients from infection

ctivity 1

e aim of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) is:

To protect the Health Care Woexposure to blood and body fluids.

A

-------------------

ing protll times:

• Water impe

unableanager.

- The followa

• Plastic apro• Sterile and • Eye Protect• Face Protec

If you arem

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Created by kentj1© Standard Precautions

Consider the area in which you practice. List theprotective clothing that is available to you?

---------------------------------------------------------------

ective clothing must be available in all a clinical areas at

requirement – face masks) rvious gowns.

to locate these in your clinical area, discuss with your

ns non-sterile gloves ion (minimum requirement – goggles) tion (minimum

- Learning Resource Pack 14


RISK ASSESSMENT PPE is used in addition to normal clothing and is designed to protect both the patient and healthcare workers from the potential risks of cross infection, particularly from exposure to blood borne viruses, e.g., Hepatitis B and HIV. “Select protective equipment on the basis of an assessment of the risk of transmission of micro organisms to the patient, and the risk of contamination of health care practitioners’ clothing and skin by patients’ blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions.” (Pratt et al, 2001) The type of protective clothing worn should be based on a risk assessment of the task / clinical intervention to be undertaken.

P rotect ive C loth ing –R isk A sse ssm ent T oo l

A sse ss R isk o f T ask

N o B lo od/ B od y

F lu id

L ate x * g lo ve s , P last ic A p ro n s

B lo o d/ B o d y F lu id

L ow R isk o f S p la sh in g

N o Pro te ct ive

C lo th in g

L ate x* g lo ve s , P last ic A pro n sE ye pro te ct io n

S urg ica l f ace m askW ate r pro o f g ow n

B lo o d / B o dy F lu id

H igh R isk o f S p lash in g

These are the minimum requirements for Standard precautions. Specific guidance is available for other PPE that may be required in specific situations such as caring for patients with known infections. There is additional guidance on PPE in policies on the Suhtranet such as the Isolation Policy, SARS Policy and Tuberculosis Policy.


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GLOVES The aim of wearing gloves is to protect users hands from becoming contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions. Activity 2

1. Hands must be decontaminated prior to putting gloves on. True / False

2. A single pair of gloves can be used for multiple interventions

/ procedures. True / False 3. Gloves should be disposed of in clinical waste bag True /False

4. Hand hygiene must be performed following glove removal

True / False

5. Alcohol gel should never be used on gloved hands True / False GOWNS AND APRONS

The aim of wearing either a fluid repellent apron or gown is to protect the healthcare workers clothing/ uniform from contamination with micro-organisms, blood and body fluids, secretions and excretions, and protect the patient from micro-organisms. Activity 3

Answer the following:


1. A full body gown should be worn when there is a risk of extensive splashing of blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions onto the skin of healthcare practitioners. True/False

2. Aprons or gowns must be worn as single use items for one

procedure or episode of patient care. True / False


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3. Used apron/ gowns must be disposed of as clinical waste. True/False

4. Hand hygiene must be performed following removal and disposal of

apron/gowns. True/False

5. With the colour coded apron system, what colour aprons should be

worn for the following? a. General ward work/activities ……………………………………. b. Food Handling ……………………………………. c. Sluice/sanitary areas …………………………………….. d. Isolation Care ……………………………………..

FACIAL / EYE PROTECTION (Face Masks; Goggles; Visors; Face Shields). The aim of wearing facial protection is to protect the eyes, nose and mouth of the healthcare worker from contamination/ potential exposure to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions, and chemicals. (NB. refer to specific guidance on the use of masks for infectious cases such as TB).

Activity 4


1. Facial protection should be used for one patient episode only. True/False 2. Disposable facial protection must be disposed of as domestic

waste. True/False

3. Reusable facial protection can be cleaned and if necessary disinfected as per Trust policy. True/False

4. Masks should have a fluid repellent layer True/False


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5. Hand hygiene does not need to performed following removal of facial protection. True/False

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Activity 5

Complete the following table:

Activity Protective Clothing Required. (Include

colour of apron and type of gloves) Assisting with Patient hygiene needs.

Handing out patient meals.

Emptying a urinary catheter bag.

Sealing used linen bags in the sluice

Bed Making

Suctioning a patient.

Changing a wound dressing

Clearing up a large blood spillage


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REMEMBER: PPE must be worn for your own

protection as well as that of your patient


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SHARPS SAFETY

Activity 1

Read again the 1. Do not re-s 2. In exceptiospecific reshea 3. Always get 4. Never pass ‘clear field’ to 5. Never walk 6. Never leave 7. Dispose of s 8. Dispose of needle first. 9. When tranremoval device 10. Use needavailable.

Created by kentj1©Standard Precautio

1. Read the SUHT Sharps Safety Policy (July 2003)

ten key points in safe handling of sharps.

heath needles.

nal circumstances, if resheating cannot be avoided, use a thing/removing device.

help when using sharps with a confused or agitated patient.

sharps from person to person by hand – use a receptacle or place them in.

around with sharps in your hand.

sharps lying around – dispose of them yourself.

harps at the point of use – take a sharps bin with you.

syringes and needles as a single unit – do not remove the

sporting a blood gas syringe, remove the needle using a and attach a blind hub prior to transport.

leless intravenous devices whenever possible, where

ns - Learning Resource Pack

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REMEMBER!

Sharps injuries are avoidable

Activity 2

Consider the following obstacles to safe sharps practice and the actions necessary to overcome them.

1. No sharps bin available.

ACTION:

2. Sharps bin too full.

ACTION:

3. Patient needing injection is confused and agitated.

ACTION:

4. I do not know my hepatitis status

ACTION:


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5. The sharps bin is on the floor

ACTION:

If you identify any of these obstacles in your clinical area, discuss them with your line manager.

Healthcare worke viruses (Hepatit

result of a sharpsmany more h

Activity 3 FINALLY


REMEMBER! rs have contracted blood-borneis C, Hepatitis B and HIV) as a injury. Several have died, and

ave suffered severe health consequences.

Locate your Sharps Safety Poster and the Needlestick Hotline Number.

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SAFE HANDLING OF BLOOD & BODY FLUID SPILLAGES

All blood or body fluids can potentially contain blood borne viruses or other pathogens, therefore dealing with spills of blood or body fluid may expose the healthcare worker to these blood borne viruses or other pathogens. The task can be carried out more safely if any pathogens in the spillage are first destroyed by a disinfectant (Coates & Wilson 1989). Activity 1

Locate the SUHT Cleaning & Decontamination Policy (1998) and read the sections that apply to blood and body fluid spillage management.

Now answer the following questions:

1. What is the name of the disinfectant that should be used to decontaminate blood or blood stained body fluid spillages?

2. What two forms of the disinfectant should be available in the

clinical area?

3. Are they available in your clinical area?

4. What strength of the disinfectant should be used to decontaminate blood or blood stained body fluid spillages?

5. How many tablets must be dissolved in a litre of water to make up

this strength?

6. What protective clothing should be worn when dealing with blood and body fluid spillages?

7. How should waste contaminated with blood and body fluids be

disposed of?


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Activity 2

Read the following procedure for dealing with blood or blood stained body fluid spillages.

Procedure for dealing with blood or blood stained body fluid spillages.

•• BBlloooodd//bblloooodd ssttaaiinneedd bbooddyy fflluuiiddss 1100,,000000 ppppmm CChhlloorriinnee ((SSooddiiuumm ddiicchhlloorrooiissooccyyaannuurraattee ––‘‘SSaanniicchhlloorr // AAccttiicchhlloorr’’))

•• NNoonn BBlloooodd ssttaaiinneedd//nnoonn iinnffeecctteedd ssppiillllss

ddeetteerrggeenntt && hhoott wwaatteerr •• WWeeaarr pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg •• EEnnssuurree AAddeeqquuaattee vveennttiillaattiioonn ooff aarreeaa • CClliinniiccaall WWaassttee ddiissppoossaall

Small spillages (no greater in surface area than opened paper hand towel) use: PPOOWWDDEERR//GGRRAANNUULLEESS ((SSaanniicchhlloorr oorr AAccttiicchhlloorr))

•• AAsssseessss lleevveell ooff pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg rreeqquuiirreedd •• CCoovveerr ssppiillllaaggee wwiitthh ppoowwddeerr •• LLeeaavvee ffoorr 33 mmiinnss.. •• CClleeaarr uupp ssppiillllaaggee uussiinngg ppaappeerr ttoowweell//ccllootthh •• DDiissppoossee ooff aass cclliinniiccaall wwaassttee •• CClleeaann aarreeaa wwiitthh ddeetteerrggeenntt aanndd wwaatteerr • Do not use on urine, carpets or large volume spillages – use

Tablets Large Spillages (spillage cannot be covered by an opened paper hand towel) use: TTAABBLLEETTSS ((SSaanniicchhlloorr))

•• AAsssseessss lleevveell ooff pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg rreeqquuiirreedd •• MMaakkee ssoolluuttiioonn –– 1100 ttaabblleettss//11 lliittrree wwaatteerr •• BBlloott uupp ssppiillllaaggee wwiitthh ppaappeerr ttoowweell//ccllootthh •• WWeett aarreeaa wwiitthh ssoolluuttiioonn && lleeaavvee ffoorr 33 mmiinnss •• BBlloott uupp ddiissiinnffeeccttaanntt •• DDiissppoossee ooff cclliinniiccaall wwaassttee •• CClleeaann aarreeaa wwiitthh DDeetteerrggeenntt && wwaatteerr • Do not use on urine, carpets

RReeffeerr ttoo ‘‘CClleeaanniinngg && DDeeccoonnttaammiinnaattiioonn PPoolliiccyy’’


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Safe decontamination of equipment between patients is an essential part of routine infection control. The transmission of infection in association with equipment has been recognised as a problem since micro-organisms were first perceived as the cause of infection (Wilson 2003). A combination of re-usable and single use equipment is used in the hospital setting.

• It is vital that re – usable equipment is adequately decontaminated between each patient to prevent the transmission of infection.

• It is important to remember that single use items must not be reused.

There are three levels of decontamination: STERILISATION: Removes all micro-organisms, including spores. DISINFECTION: Reduces the numbers of micro-organisms but not usually bacterial spores. CLEANING : Physical removal of organic material and many micro-organisms. The decision to clean, disinfect or sterilise is dependent on the risk of infection associated with the item involved, as demonstrated in the table below. Decontamination according to associated risks: RISK APPLICATION OF ITEM METHOD EXAMPLES.

HIGH RISK • In close contact with a break in the skin or mucous membrane

• Introduced into sterile body site

Sterilization (or use single use disposable)

Surgical instruments

INTERMEDIATE RISK

• In contact with mucous membranes

• Contaminated with particularly virulent or readily transmissible organisms

• Prior to use on highly susceptible patients, e.g. immunocompromised patients.

Sterilization or disinfection (or use single use disposable) Cleaning may be acceptable in some agreed situations.

Respiratory & anaesthetic equipment, endoscopes.

LOW RISK • In contact with healthy intact skin

• Not in contact with patient

Cleaning Commodes, wash bowls, baths.

CLEANING & DECONTAMINATION OF EQUIPMENT


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Activity 1

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Locate and read the SUHT Cleaning & Decontamination Policy (1998)

CLEANING

• The majority of re usable equipment in the ward setting is low risk and will only require cleaning with detergent and water or detergent based wipes.

• Equipment must be dried following cleaning, as bacteria will thrive

in a moist environment.

• In some circumstances items may need to be cleaned with a chlorine based cleaner, e.g. Baths that are soiled with blood or blood stained body fluids or used by a patient with a known infection risk.

• Items contaminated with blood / blood stained body fluids must be

cleaned / disinfected with a chlorine releasing disinfectant, including blood spillages.

• Moving & Handling equipment must be single patient use and sent to

laundry for cleaning between patient uses.

• ALL equipment must be cleaned between patient use, e.g. beds, observation equipment, commodes

“Where a piece of equipment is used for more than one patient, e.g. commode, bath hoist, it must be cleaned following each and every episode of use” (Pratt et al 2001).

REMEMBER Equipment should be cleaned & dried

between every patient use. If you have used that piece of equipment it is your

responsibility to clean it.


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Activity 2

EQUIPME

Commode Bladder S Medicine p Hoist sling Suture set Bed frame PAT slide Bath (folwith a kno Wash bow Dressing T Dynamap a Blood stain Bed pan ho

Created by kStandard Pre

For each of the following pieces of equipment, list how you woulddecontaminate them from the following options: Clean with detergent & water, disinfect with alcohol, disinfect with hydrex spray, send to hospital laundry, clean in dishwasher, disinfect with chlorine disinfectant or cleaner, send for sterilisation, dispose of.

NT ACTION

yringe

ot

lowing use by a patient wn infection)

l

rolley

nd Cuff

ed mattress

lder

entj1© cautions - Learning Resource Pack

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CARE OF LINEN

Used hospital linen may be contaminated with micro-organisms that cause infections. The most important measures to prevent transfer of these organisms are:

• Careful handling of linen e.g. remove with care/wear protective clothing.

• Hand hygiene after handling used linen. • Disposal into a linen skip at the point of removal. • Appropriate segregation and storage. • Laundering in an appropriate facility.

Activity

Locate and read 1. SUHT Used linen policy 2. Care of Linen Poster

A. Answer the following questions: 1. All used linen should be laundered by the dedicated Trust laundry facility.

True / False

2. Moving and handling equipment may be laundered in ward washing machines. True / False

B. Identify the correct bags for disposing of the following used linen (Tick correct option) 1. Non- soiled bed linen.

Water soluble+ Red Plastic White Plastic Water soluble+ Green Plastic Purple Plastic + record card


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2. Bed linen soiled with urine/ faeces.


3. Non – soiled linen from a patient who is MRSA positive.


4. Linen contaminated with a small spot of blood. Water soluble+ Red Plastic White Plastic

Water soluble+ Green Plastic Purple Plastic + record card

5. Non – soiled hoist sling.


6. Uncontaminated bed linen from a patient with infective diarrhoea.


7. Moving & handling slide sheet contaminated with faeces.


8. Uncontaminated linen from theatre


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REMEMBER: By not caring for linen appropriately you

are potentially putting yourselves, patients and others, e.g. laundry workers, at risk.


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WASTE Waste from hospitals may be toxic, hazardous or infectious and therefore needs to be properly segregated, handled, transported and disposed of to ensure that it does not harm staff, patients, the public or the environment (Wilson 2003). Activity 1

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All staff have a ‘Duty of Care’ to ensure that waste is segregated and disposed of correctly. Types of Waste: Clinical Waste – Any item contaminated with blood or body fluids. Sharps Domestic Waste – All other items of waste e.g. flowers, newspapers, paper towels, wrappings from dressing packs etc. Activity 2

Q1. What colour bag would you use to dispose?

A. Clinical Waste? B. Domestic Waste?

Q2. What would the following items be disposed as? (tick correct option) Item Clinical Waste Domestic Waste A. Incontinent pad (soiled) B Paper hand towels used in an

isolation room

C Protective clothing (e.g. gloves & aprons)

D Dressing removed from wound E Newspapers from a patient in

isolation

Answer the following questions:

Locate and read the SUHT Waste disposal poster.

DISPOSAL OF WASTE & EXCRETA


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F Flowers G Wrappings from IV giving set H Sputum pot EXCRETA Excreta and other body fluids can contain considerable numbers of potential pathogens and must be discarded safely to minimise the risk of transmission of infection to others (Wilson, 1995). Excreta must be discarded directly into the macerator or toilet. Activity 3

Q. What actions would you take if the macerator in your clinical

Answer the following question:

was not working? -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

REMEMBER Protective clothing must be worn when handling body fluids or items contaminated with body fluids.


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REFERENCES

ALBERT, R.K & CONDIE, F. (1981)’ Handwashing Patterns in Medical Intensive Care Units’ In: ICNA, (2002) Guidelines for Hand Hygiene. UK:ICNA COATES, D and WILSON, M (1989). Use of dichloroisocyanurate granules for spills of body fluids. In: Wilson (1995), Infection Control in clinical Practice. London: Balliere Tindall. EMMERSON, A.M.et al., (1996). ‘The second National prevalence survey of infection in hospitals’. Journal of Hospital Infection. 32 (3), pp. 175-190. GOULD & BROOKER (2000) Applied Microbiology for Nurses. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. LARSON, E. (1989). ‘Handwashing: It’s essential – even when you use gloves’. In: ICNA, (2002) Guidelines for Hand Hygiene. UK:ICNA LARSON, E (1985). ‘Handwashing and skin physiologic and bacteriologic aspects’. In: ICNA, (2002) Guidelines for Hand Hygiene. UK:ICNA PRATT, R.J. et al (2001). ‘The epic project: Developing national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare associated Infections’. The Journal of Hospital Infection. 47(supplement). UK HEALTH DEPARTMENTS (1998). Guidance for Clinical Health Care Workers: Protection against infection with blood borne viruses – Recommendations of the Expert Advisory Group on AIDS and the Advisory Group on Hepatitis. London: Department of Health WILSON, J., (1995), Infection Control in clinical Practice. London: Balliere Tindall. WILSON, J., (2003), Infection Control in clinical Practice. London: Balliere Tindall.


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Record of Completion of Infection Control Learning Resource Pack.

Section Date

Completed Signature

Introduction to Standard Precautions & the Chain of Infection

Hand Hygiene

Personal Protective Equipment

Sharps Safety

Safe Handling of blood & body fluid spillages

Cleaning & Decontamination of Equipment

Care of Linen

Disposal of Waste

Name: Grade/Job Title: Area: I confirm that I have completed this learning resource pack as my annual infection control update. Signature: Date: Please hand this form to your manager on completion of this learning resource pack.


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Documents

INFECTION CONTROL MANDATORY EDUCATION - · PDF fileinfection control mandatory education to be undertaken on a self-directed learning basis. N.B. This is the basic level of knowledge