INFECTION CONTROL GENERAL CONCEPTS

Data collected & presented by

Dr. Mohamed ElBashaar

General Infection Control topics

• Standard precautions.

• Hand Hygiene.

• Transmission based precautions (Isolation precautions).

• Use of PPE.

• Waste Management.

Standard Precautions

• Applied to Blood, Blood Products, Body fluids and Excreta

• To avoid exposure to blood - borne pathogens (e.g. HBV, HCV & HIV)

Standard Precautions• Apply standard precautions to all

patients regardless of their diagnosis, and

• to all contaminated equipments and materials.

• Use judgment in determining which protective barriers are necessary.

Standard Precautions1. Hands Hygiene

2. Use Personal protective equipments (PPE)

• Gloves

• Gowns

• Masks

• Eye protection

• Face Shields

3.Discard needles and other sharps in the sharp containers which are located as close as possible to the area of use. Don't recap needles, If any ,use the Scoop method (one hand method).

USING “ SCOOP METHOD’’

4) CLEANING SPILLS (e.g. Blood & body fluids)

• Wear gloves and other PPE

• Absorb: Wipe up the spill with an absorbent towel.Clean with detergent.

• Apply disinfectant to the contaminated area using sodium hypochlorite( Clorox 1: 10= 1 volume+9 water volumes) contact time 5-10min.

• Absorb Clorox and wash with water.

Hand Hygiene

•Hand washing• Alcohol-based Hand Rub

• Use of gloves does NOT replace hand washing.

• Gloves must be changed in-between patients.

HAND WASHING• When to wash your hands :• If hands are visibly dirty .

• Soiled hands with blood or body fluids.

• After contact with: blood ,body fluids, secretions or mucus membranes.

When to wash your hands?

• After contact with intact or non-intact skin.

• After handling items potentially contaminated (equipments)

• In-between patients .

• After removing gloves.

• After using bathroom.

When to wash hands

• Before direct contact with patient.

• Before donning (sterile) gloves.

• Before preparing or handling medications.

• Before handling clean dressing.

When to use alcohol-based hand rub

• If hands are NOT visibly soiled alcohol rub could be used instead of hand washing.

• If hand are visibly soiled (contaminated) ,they should be washed first.

PPE: Personal Protective Equipments:

• Gloves donning & removal

• Other PPE donning &removal

• Donning & removal of N95 mask

Standard Precautions

Means of TransmissionFive Main Routes

• Common Vehicle (Food, blood)

• Vector-borne

• Droplet

• Airborne

• Contact– Direct Contact– Indirect Contact (Objects)

Transmission-Based Precautions

• Used in addition to Standard

Precautions for Specified Patients

• Designed for the Care of Patients

known or suspected to be infected

by epidemiologically important

pathogens spread by: airborne,

droplet, or contact transmission.

Airborne Precautions• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei < 5 microns

• Examples:– Tuberculosis (diagnosed or suspected)– Measles– Chickenpox (varicella)

• Precaution Details:

– Isolation rooms under negative pressure– Air cycling >12/hour– HEPA filters– Use respirators or N95 mask.– Patient will use a surgical mask

Health care worker wearing a personal respirator

TB patient wearing a surgical mask

Droplet Precautions• For infectious agents with droplet nuclei > 5

microns, through cough or sneezing:

• Examples:– Pertussis

– Influenza.

– Meningococcus meningitis.

• Precaution Details:– Private room

– Surgical Mask if within 1 meter of patient.

Contact Precautions• For protection against skin-to-skin contact and

physical transfer of microorganisms to a host

from a source e.g. :– Discharging wound – MRSA– VRE

Precaution Details:

– Private room– Handwashing– Glove changes

For effective segregation of waste, provision of different types of waste

containers in all clinical areas, is necessary.

Sharps containers

• Should be easily accessible

• At or below the level of the eyes

• Kept away from the pathways

• Not to be kept on the grounds.

• Should Not be overfilled more than 3/4 full.

• Never to be shake to get more space

Thank you