Upload
daniel-mccormick
View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Infant Development
Normal Development from birth to year 1
Weight
• Lose some after birth• 1-2 lbs/month 1st 6 months• 1 pound/month in 2nd 6 months– Birth weight:• Doubled by 6 month• Tripled by 1 yr
• 20-22 lbs: average weight of 1 yr old– Heredity, feeding habits, and physical activity
• Gross Motor: Coordinated movements with all of body parts– Involve large muscles of body to walk, kick, sit
upright, throw etc.• Fine Motor: Involve small muscles of body to
enable writing, grasping, fastening clothing, eating etc.
Newborn to Month 1Month Gross motor Fine Motor Speech/Language
Newborn – 1 month Reflexes Hands open and close
Brings hands to mouth
Visual preference 8-12 inches away
Enjoys being in prone
Roots when hungry
Responds to noises with startle
SIGHT
• Blurry at first• Within 1 week can focus 7-10 inches• 1 month focuses objects 3 feet away• By 3.5 months vision almost as good as adult• Prefer patterns with high contrast– Alternating Stripes– Bull’s eyes– Prefer colour red
TASTE AND SMELL
• Within 10 days can tell mom’s smell• Distinguishes taste by 2 weeks• Learn about world using mouth
Photos/video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nr6VhcpaQ4Y
2 monthsMonth Gross Motor Fine Motor Speech/Language
2 Can lift head to 45 degrees when placed on tummy
Social Smile
Orients heads towards sounds
By 2nd month, recognizes object is 3 dimensional (not flat)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HADrEdgCafI
3 MonthsGross Motor Fine Motor Speech/Language
3 May hold light toy when placed in hand
Batting at toys overhead
Hand to mouth constantly
Varied facial expression
Sounds associated with movement of body
Quiets or smiles in response to sound or voice
Coos
4 Months
4 May roll when in hands to knees position
Likes to stand with hands held
Hands open often
Hand to hand play
Grab objects with direct movement of arms
Dissociates eye movement from head movement
Variation of vowel sounds
Constant sound production
Babbles
Recognizes and responds to own name
3-4 months
• Babies begin reaching• Hand-eye coordination• Essential for:– Eating– Catching a ball– Colouring– Tying shoes
What toys and/or activities would be good for infants to develop hand-eye
coordination?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6J8r2xO_sTI
5 Months
5 Hands to feet when on back
Rolls from back to front (belly)
Pull to sit
Prop sitting
Banging toys
Reaching in all directions
Transfers objects from hands to mouth
Reaching with both arms
Babbling 3-4 syllables at a time
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugpr_3ULLPE
6 Months
6 Brings feet to mouth
Sitting without upper body support
Bounce when standing
Transfer of objects hand to hand
Explores objects in mouth
Banging, shaking, mouthing
Spoon feeding
May begin cup drinking
Vocalizes for social contact
“Dada”
6 Months
• Introduction of sippy cup• Don’t put juice in a bottle• Solids beginning to b introduced– Cereal first– Vegetables THEN fruits
• 8-10 months babies start using spoons• Want: Food easy to digest, sufficient calorie
and nutrients
7 Months
7 Doesn’t like laying on back
Can achieve belly off ground positions
Rocking on hands and knees
Pivots on tummy
Pulls self to stand with caregiver’s hands
Can use thumb and finger for pincer
Begins finger feeding
Uses both hands for tasks equally
Appropriate gestures for simple commands (bye-bye, no)
Laughs
No used to express dislike
8 Months
8 May pull to kneel at a surface
Pulls to stand using arms more than legs
Visually interested in detail
Bangs toys together
Begins separating sound production from body movement
Explores spatial concepts (in/out, on/off, up/down)
Imitation skills increase both in gestures and familiar sounds
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQmqRIR2YxA
9 Months
9 Creeps on hands and knees for long distances as primary means of locomotion
Climbs up stairs on hands and knees
Holds and drinks from bottle when in sitting
Controlled bite for firm solids
Begins to eat mashed table food
10 months
10 Begins cruising along furniture
Works on different grasps
Manipulation of toys
Uses objects to reach goals
Desire for independence observed in motor and feeding
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzEI8z7Q0RU
11 Months
11 Stands momentarily independently
Squats to receive a toy and returns to standing
Full overhead reach
Combines vision, reach and grasp well
Holds toy with one hand and manipulates with other
12 Months
12 Stands from floor independently
Walks with hands held
May take some steps independently
Enjoys climbing
Points to desired objects with index finger
May have consistent 2-3 words
Uses jargon
Begins goal directed play
Gentle Handling of an Infant
• Never shake a baby• Shaken Baby Syndrome – severely shaking
baby to make them stop crying– Damages the brain– Learning problems– Mental retardation– Blindness– Deafness– Death
Sources
• http://www.slideshare.net/jwattenberg/Normal-Development-in-the-First-Year-power-point