Infancy to Adulthood. Last term we finished on gender GENDER refers to the psychological meaning of...
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Infancy to Adulthood. Last term we finished on gender GENDER refers to the psychological meaning of being male or female, which is influenced by learning
Last term we finished on gender GENDER refers to the
psychological meaning of being male or female, which is influenced
by learning. GENDER SCHEMAS are mental representations that
associate psychological characteristics with each sex. GENDER
SOCIALISATION refers to how we are shaped by our culture as to the
role of male and female gender (reward and punishment by peers).
Text book pages 63 64.
Slide 3
This week. Adolescent development What the stage theorists say
Physical development and consequences Identity formation
Slide 4
Todays objectives Be able to clearly identify what level of
development stage theorists claim adolescents to be operating at.
To consider conflicting views on adolescents. To know what physical
developments occur during puberty. To evaluate
advantages/disadvantages of early onset of puberty.
Slide 5
Adolescent development What do the stage theorists say? Piaget
Kohlberg Erikson Freud Write down where these theorists say
adolescents are in terms of their development..
Slide 6
Adolescent development What do the stage theorists say? Piaget
Formal operations: potential for mature moral reasoning. Kohlberg
Conventional: upholding social order (some may reach
post-conventional). Erikson Identity vs role confusion: developing
a sense of self. Freud Genital stage: growing independence from
parents and development of sexuality.
Slide 7
Conflicting views of adolescence Hall (1904) time of storm and
stress. Write this down Macfarlane (1964). Need for peer approval
Sense of life direction in flux Alienation from parents at its
deepest
Slide 8
Conflicting views of adolescence Write this down Coleman (1980)
Vitality without the cares of adulthood Rewarding friendships
Heightened idealism The sense of possibilities Which one do you
identify with?
Slide 9
Conflicting views of adolescence Conflict model: Argues that
adolescents need to go through a period of crisis to separate
themselves psychologically from their parents and carve out their
own identity. Studies do show that adolescents experience a wider
range of moods over a shorter period of time. Adulthood sees an
increase in diligence, self-control and congeniality.
Slide 10
Conflicting views of adolescence Continuity model: Argues that
adolescence is not a turbulent period but is essentially continuous
with childhood and adulthood. Supporting research finds that
roughly 80% of adolescents show no signs of severe storm and
stress
Slide 11
Puberty Write this down Definition: The early adolescent period
of rapid growth and sexual maturation.
Slide 12
Puberty Physical development Primary sex characteristics Growth
of reproductive organs (penis and testes) Secondary sex
characteristics Facial hair Pubic and underarm hair Voice deepens
Growth spurt as much as 5 inches a year.
Slide 13
Puberty Physical development Primary sex characteristics Growth
of reproductive organs Secondary sex characteristics Pubic and
underarm hair Enlargement of breasts and hips Growth spurt as much
as 3 inches a year.
Slide 14
Puberty Average age for girls is 11. Average age for boys is
13. Can start as early as 9 or as late as 16. Consider the
psychological consequences of when your development occurs
Slide 15
Puberty Is early maturation an advantage or disadvantage? In
terms of advantage or disadvantage, is it the same for boys and
girls?
Slide 16
Puberty BOYS (Jones 1950s) Advantage Tend to be more popular
Stronger and athletic More self-assured and independent More
sociable then their less developed peers GIRLS (Peterson 1987)
Disadvantage Early development may bring teasing from peers
Embarrassment could lower self-confidence May lead to mixing with
older group of teenagers
Slide 17
Adolescence and increase in gender difference Boys tend to
overestimate their academic ability Girls tend to underestimate
their academic ability Boys body satisfaction increases at puberty
Girls body satisfaction decreases at puberty in Western
cultures
Slide 18
Todays objectives did we make it? Be able to clearly identify
what level of development stage theorists claim adolescents to be
operating at. To consider conflicting views on adolescents. To know
what physical developments occur during puberty. To evaluate
advantages/disadvantages of early onset of puberty.