Infancy & ChildhoodUnit 4

Lesson 2

ObjectivesReview early developmentIdentify stages of infant motor & language

dvpt.Examine relationship between attachment

and developmentAnalyze critical periods by looking at a case

study

Warm UpIdentify one thing

you learned about prenatal/neonatal…

Physical dvptSensory dvptSocial dvpt

Homework ReviewWhich decade was

the easiest?

Which decade was the most difficult?

What words are most commonly associated with particular decades? Why?

Infancy

Motor DevelopmentIncreasing

coordination of muscles for physical mvmt

Maturation:Genetically

programmed growth & dvpt

Activity: Place abilities in order from 1-8Walks alone; says

several wordsTurns head to follow

moving objectClimbs stairs; says

many wordsLaces shoes

Sits alone for 1 min; says “da-da”

Puts on shoesRuns; uses simple

word combinationsWalks while holding

onto something

Activity AnswersTurns head to follow

moving object (2m)Sits alone for 1 min; says

“da-da” (9m)Walks while holding onto

something (1y)Walks alone; says

several words (1y 3m)

Climbs stairs; says many words (1y 6m)

Runs; uses simple word combinations (2y)

Puts on shoes (3y)Laces shoes (4y)

Motor MilestonesDvpt Norms (median

age)…Lift head: 2 mRoll over: 3 mProp Up: 4 mSit Alone: 5.5 mStand w/Help: 7 mCrawl/Creep: 7-12 mStand Alone: 12 mWalk: 12-15 mWalk backward: 14 mSteps: 17 m

Avery’s Motor Milestones P.Pt

Language

Learned, systematic code that enables us to communicate meaningful ideas.

5 Forms: Reading, Writing, Gesturing, Signing, Speaking

LanguageReceptive Language:

Learning to listen and understand language

Expressive Language: Learning to speak

and use language

Language TheoriesNativist Theory

Language Acquisition Device: Noam Chomsky said we are predisposed to acquire language

Learning TheoryB.F. Skinner: Kids learn language through

observation and imitation of parents

Mix: Eric Lenneberg said language is inborn, but must be learned during

critical period (18m– Puberty) and is influenced by environment.

Language Milestones0-1 m CRY2 m COO5-7 m BABBLE12 m WORD18 m OVEREXTENSION2 y TELEGRAPHIC3 y TENSE4-6 y SENTENCES,

QUESTIONING 7-9 y MULTIPLE

MEANINGContinues to expand thru

life

Critical PeriodsPeriod during which certain skills or behaviors

must be acquired. If not, learned with great difficulty or not learned at all.

Konrad LorenzBaby Geese & Imprintinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UIU9XH-mUI&p=28B409BFB6FF150C&index=17&feature=BF

Social DvptAttachment

Close bond b/t infants & caregivers

Harry HarlowMonkey’s &

Surrogate Moms

Contact comfort – physical closeness w/caregiver Preferred security to

food

Abnormal behaviors if raised in isolation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlJS8LeLWjs&feature=related

Social DvptAttachment Styles

Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation

Secure – infant seeks proximity, contact, & interaction w/caregiver

Insecure – infant cannot be calmed or ignores the caregiver after the separation Anxious-Ambivalent Avoidant

Separation Anxiety – (6/8m – 14/18m)Emotional distress when separated from people they’re attached

to

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHP_NikTkao

Isolation in HumansFeral Children

Raised in wildVictor

Institutionalized ChildrenFoster vs

Institutions

Cases of AbuseRaised in near total

isolationGenie

Genie- Wild Child Reading1970 LA social

workers found neglected and abused 13 yr old suffering from physical, cognitive, social impairments. Having missed critical periods, could she learn to walk, talk?

Closure

Explain attachment and identify one psychologist & their contribution to this area of study.