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1
INF GR / PS / 70
Current Status in Koreafor Pedestrian Safety Rule-making Researches
2004. 2.
Ministry of Construction and Transportation
Republic of Korea
2
INF GR / PS / 70
CONTENTS
I.I. Accident AssessmentsAccident Assessments
II.II. Research Activities for PedestrianResearch Activities for Pedestrian
III. Harmonization Activities
3
INF GR / PS / 70
I. Accident Assessment
4
INF GR / PS / 70
• Korea Pedestrian Fatality
• 37.2%(2000): 3,890(10,236)
• 43.5%(2002): 3,086(7,090)
• Need Pedestrian Regulation for Domestic Environment
• Consider Current Technology and Maker’s Preparations
• Must be Harmonized with Europe/IHRA
1. Backgrounds
Rate of pedestrain fatalitiesin traffic accident (2000)
1912.6
28.3
37.2
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Europe USA Japan Korea China
Dea
th r
ate
(%
)
5
INF GR / PS / 70
2. Trends of Vehicle Increments
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
Num
ber
of V
ehic
le R
egis
ted
6
INF GR / PS / 70
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f T
raff
ic A
ccid
ents
3. Frequency of Traffic Accidents
7
INF GR / PS / 70
4. Trends of Traffic Accident Fatalities
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f F
atal
ity
8
INF GR / PS / 705. Trends of Traffic Accident Fatalities(Number of Fatalities / 1 Million Vehicles)
0
10
20
30
40
50
6019
88
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
Num
ber o
f Fat
ality
/ 1M
Veh
icle
9
INF GR / PS / 70
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
Num
ber
of I
njur
ies
6. Trends of Traffic Accident Injuries
10
INF GR / PS / 70
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
Num
ber
of I
njur
ies
/ 1M
Veh
icle
7. Trends of Traffic Accident Injuries(Number of Injuries / 1 Million Vehicles)
11
INF GR / PS / 70
8. Trends of Accident Types - Fatalities
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Vehicle vs. Pedestrian Vehicle vs. Vehicle Vehicle Alone
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Vehiclevs.
Pedestrian
12
INF GR / PS / 70
0
5
10
15
20
25
Vehicle vs. Pedestrian Vehicle vs. Vehicle Vehicle Alone
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Vehiclevs.
Pedestrian
9. Trends of Accident Types (Number of Fatalities / 1 Millions Vehicles)
13
INF GR / PS / 70
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
WalkingagainstVehicle
WalkingParallel toVehicle
Crossing WhilePlaying on
Road
WhileWorking on
Road
WhileStopping onRoad-Side
WhileWalking onSidewalk
WhileWalking onRoad-Side
Others
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
10. Trends of Pedestrian Accident Types - Fatalities
14
INF GR / PS / 70
44%
39%
17%
Vehicle vs. pedestrian Vehicle vs. Vehicle Vehicle Alone
11. ’02 Year Accident Types - Fatalities
Pedestrianvs.
Vehicle
Total Fatalities: 7,090Total Fatalities: 7,090
15
INF GR / PS / 70
12. ’02 Year Pedestrian Accident Types - Fatalities
2%
52%
36%
1%1%
2%
4%
1%
1%
Walking against Vehicle Walking Parallel to Vehicle Crossing
While Playing on Road While Working on Road While Stopping on Road-Side
While Walking on Sidewalk While Walking on Road-Side Others
AccidentsWhile
Crossing
16
INF GR / PS / 7013. ’02 Pedestrian Accident by Vehicle Types - Injuries
Total Injuries : 59,236
56%
15%
17%
0% 5% 7%
Sedan Van/SUV Heavy-truck Special-vehicle Motorcycle ETC
SedanType
Vehicles
17
INF GR / PS / 70
14. ’02 Pedestrian Accident by Vehicle Types - Fatalities
Total Fatalities : 3,086
45%
17%
30%
1% 2% 5%
Sedan Van/SUV Heavy-truck Special-vehicle Motorcycle ETC
SedanType
Vehicles
18
INF GR / PS / 7015. ’02 Pedestrian Injured Body - Injured
Total Injuries : 57,476
17%
28%
5%4%8%
10%
28%
Head Neck Chest Abodminal Arm Upper_Leg Lower_leg
Head
NeckLo. Leg
19
INF GR / PS / 70
16. ’02 Pedestrian Injured Body - Fatalities
Total Fatalities : 3048
64%9%
5%
7%
1%
11%3%
Head Neck Chest Abodminal Arm Upper_Leg Lower_leg
Head
Neck
Lo. Leg
20
INF GR / PS / 70
II. Research Activities for Pedestrian in Korea
21
INF GR / PS / 70
FeasibilityStudy forP/S Device
FeasibilityStudy forP/S Device
P/SImpactorDevelop
P/SImpactorDevelop Safety TechnologySafety Technology
Join Int’l. HarmonizationJoin Int’l. Harmonization
P/S Politic & StrategyP/S Politic & Strategy
P/SEvaluation
Protocol
P/SEvaluation
Protocol
GoalGoalApplication Application
Safety CriteriaSafety Criteria
1. Objective of Research
22
INF GR / PS / 70
2. Research Scopes
Impact TestSimulation
EvaluationRules
AccidentAnalysis
Criteria &Test Methods
ExpertGroup
InternationalActivities
Equip.FabricationDesign &
Analysis
DevelopTest
DeviceEvaluation
withOthers
IssuesProblems
FeasibilityStudy for
P/S Devices
Test &Evaluation
DeviceFabrication
Design &Analysis
23
INF GR / PS / 70
(’05.4)
Propose Head Criteria
(’05.4)
Propose Head Criteria
Stage1
Stage1
Stage2
Stage2
Stage 1
Stage 2
’04’04(’03.7 - )
Head Protection
(’03.7 - )
Head Protection
(’05-’06.12)Head NPRM
(’05-’06.12)Head NPRM
After 2010Legs Rule
Application
After 2010Legs Rule
Application
(’07.12)
Propose Legs Criteria
(’07.12)
Propose Legs Criteria
(’07.01 - )Legs NPRM
(’07.01 - )Legs NPRM
(’09)Head Rule Application
(’09)Head Rule Application
(’06)(’06)(’05.5 - )
Legs Protection
(’05.5 - )
Legs Protection
3. Plan for P/S Rule-Making Activities
24
INF GR / PS / 70
4. Expected Plans for Pedestrian Safety
Stage 1
2003 2004 2005
Stage 2
2006 2007
• Head R&D Start• Head Rule Study
• Head R&D Start• Head Rule Study FinalFinal
Head Rule ApplyHead Rule Apply
Head, Leg Rule ApplyHead, Leg Rule Apply From 1996 Euro-NCAP From 1996 Euro-NCAP
2003 J-NCAP (Head)2003 J-NCAP (Head)
Leg Rule and Criteria StudyLeg Rule and Criteria StudySince ’90 R&D Start Since ’90 R&D Start
EUR
EUR
KOREA
KOREA
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
MOCT NCAP Study (Head)MOCT NCAP Study (Head) K-NCAP (Head)K-NCAP (Head)
MOCT Rule-making (Head)MOCT Rule-making (Head)
AprilJuly
After 2009
2008 After 2009
‘09 Head Rulemay
Applicable
‘09 Head Rulemay
Applicable
MOCT (Leg)MOCT (Leg)
April
2008
Dec.
JPN
JPN
1990’s
1990’s
After 2010Leg Rule may
Applicable
After 2010Leg Rule may
Applicable
• Leg R&D Start• Leg Rule Study
• Leg R&D Start• Leg Rule Study
25
INF GR / PS / 70
Vary to Vehicles inPedestrian Responses
Vary to Vehicles inPedestrian Responses
DifferentImpact
Speed, Angles
DifferentImpact
Speed, Angles
Various Test MethodsVarious Test Methods
1)
2) Evaluate Domestic Vehicles in terms of GTR Classification
Bon. Angle > 30° BLE height > 835mm
Category 31 Box
No
Yes
Category 2SUV
Category 1Sedan
Korean Vehicle
?
Y Y
N N
5. GTR Vehicle Classification
26
INF GR / PS / 70
Sedan CorridorSedan CorridorSedan CorridorSedan Corridor
5-1. Vehicle Classification(Sedan)
KOREA Sedan Corridor
IHRA/Japan Sedan Corridor
27
INF GR / PS / 70
ClassificationKorea IHRA/Japan
Lower Upper Lower Upper
BL(mm) 122 175 127 127
BCH(mm) 431 479 435 516
LEH(mm) 656 849 565 839
Bon. Length(mm) 1099 895 1200 635
Bon. Angle(˚) 13 19 11 18
Win. Angle(˚) 29 32 29 40
Comparison of Sedan CorridorComparison of Sedan CorridorComparison of Sedan CorridorComparison of Sedan Corridor
IHRA/Japan Sedan Corridor KOREA Sedan Corridor
IHRA/Japan Definition
Sedan: Bon. Angle < 30˚ & LEH < 835mm
5-2. Vehicle Classification (Sedan)
Angle Sedan SUV 1box
Child 65˚ 60˚ 25˚
Adult 65˚ 90˚ 50˚
28
INF GR / PS / 70
IHRA/Japan SUV Corridor KOREA SUV Corridor
ClassificationKorea IHRA/Japan
Lower Upper Lower Upper
BL(mm) 182 165 195 195
BCH(mm) 640 647 544 736
LEH(mm) 939 1050 832 1168
Bon. Length(mm)
1077 1132 1023 844
Bon. Angle(˚) 14 9 11 8.5
Win. Angle(˚) 39 51 36 43
Comparison of SUV CorridorComparison of SUV CorridorComparison of SUV CorridorComparison of SUV Corridor
5-3. Vehicle Classification (SUV)
IHRA/Japan Definition
SUV: Bon. Angle < 30˚ & LEH > 835mm
29
INF GR / PS / 70
IHRA/Japan 1 BOX Corridor KOREA 1 BOX Corridor
ClassificationKorea IHRA/Japan
Lower Upper Lower Upper
BL(mm) 166 189 188 188
BCH(mm) 521 601 448 704
LEH(mm) 970 989 864 1144
Bon. Length(mm)
521 129 361 157
Bon. Angle(˚) 28 47 40 40
Win. Angle(˚) 32 43 30 46
Comparison of 1 BOX CorridorComparison of 1 BOX CorridorComparison of 1 BOX CorridorComparison of 1 BOX Corridor IHRA/Japan Definition
1 Box: Bonnet Angle > 30˚
5-4. Vehicle Classification (1Box)
30
INF GR / PS / 70
Vehicle Class 1. Current Vehicle Class: 1.5 Box
2. IHRA Vehicle Class: SUV
Counter-measure Method LS-Dyna Simulation:
FE Headform : ACEA Child / EEVC Adult
Child: Impact Angle: 60°(SUV), 25°(1 Box)
Adult: Impact Angle: 90°(SUV), 50°(1 Box)
Impact Speed: 32km/h
HIC Child: SUV(1082), 1 Box(487)
Adult: SUV(756.6), 1 Box(538.9)
HIC is influenced significantly by impact angles
5-5. Counter-measure of Vehicle Classfor 1.5 Box Type Vehicle (Bonnet Angle <30)
31
INF GR / PS / 70
6. Pedestrian Kinematics Simulations
Reconstructing Real AccidentsReconstructing Real Accidents
Classify Pedestrian Walking Types Classify Pedestrian Walking Types
Classify Head SpeedsClassify Head Speeds
Classify WAD ContoursClassify WAD Contours
Classify Head Rotation Angles Classify Head Rotation Angles
PurposePurposePurposePurpose
32
INF GR / PS / 70
Child Headform 2.5kg with 32/35/40km/h
7. Injury Assessment in Test Methods
Injury VariationsInjury Variations
Test Tolerance AnalysisTest Tolerance Analysis
Accuracy of Test MethodsAccuracy of Test Methods
Targeting Point ClearanceTargeting Point Clearance
PurposePurposePurposePurpose
33
INF GR / PS / 70
FE Child Headform 2.5kg/3.5kg & 32/35/40km/h
8. Injury Assessment by Simulations
Injury VariationsInjury Variations
Test Tolerance AnalysisTest Tolerance Analysis
Effects of Angular VelocityEffects of Angular Velocity
Feasibility StudyFeasibility Study
PurposePurposePurposePurpose
34
INF GR / PS / 70
9. Feasibility Study by H-Model
MADYMO: Overall Pedestrian Responses H-Model Simulation: Detailed Injury Mechanism
(Full Human Model)
- Rotation & Flexion of Neck
- Angular Rotation of Head
- Head Impact Speed
- WAD Contours
PurposePurpose
35
INF GR / PS / 70
Components - Control Units (H/W & S/W) - Impact Mechanism - Data Acq. & Processing - Main Frame - Headforms & Legforms
Specifications - Develop each Module - Module Integrations
10. Development Test Equipment
36
INF GR / PS / 70
III. Harmonization Activities
37
INF GR / PS / 70
1. Cooperation & Participation
Expect to Share & Cooperate with GRSP/IHRA
• Strengthen MOCT(Korea) International Activities
• Exchanges Government based Information
- Participate Worldwide P/S Expert Regular Meetings
• Statistical & Technical Information in Vehicle Safety Fields
Participations
• UNECE/WP29 GRSP Meetings
• UNECE/WP29 GRSP - P/S Informal Group Meeting
• Join in 1958 Agreements in the near future
• Possibly Joining ESV/IHRA Member
38
INF GR / PS / 702. Organization of Korean Expert Groupfor Pedestrian Research
MOCT Professors Researchers KAMA Makers
MOCT Professors Researchers KAMA Makers
Car MakersKAMA
ResearchersWP29/GRSP T/F
(Korean Delegates)
Car MakersKAMA
ResearchersWP29/GRSP T/F
(Korean Delegates)
Advisory
Committee
Advisory
CommitteeTechnical
Committee
Technical
Committee
Int.l
Activities
Int.l
Activities
Thank You !
Younghan Youn, Ph.D
Professor
GRSP Informal Korea Delegate
Korea University of Technology & Education
E-mail : [email protected]
82-41-428-4410
Jae Wan Lee, Ph.D
Senior Researcher
GRSP Korea Delegate
Office of Safety Research
KATRI
E-mail : [email protected]
82-32-357-6709