INES - RUHENGERIINES SURVEYING LABORATORY/ SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS AND TOOLS

Elaborated by Laboratory team, March 2014

A theodolite as shown above is a precision instrument for measuring angles and distances in the horizontal andvertical planes. Theodolites are used mainly for surveying applications. A modern theodolite consists of amovable telescope mounted within two perpendicular axes—the horizontal or trunnion axis, and the vertical axis.When the telescope is pointed at a target object, the angle of each of these axes can be measured with greatprecision, typically to seconds of arc.A theodolite is mounted on its tripod head by means of a forced centering plate or tribrach containing fourthumbscrews, or in modern theodolites, three for rapid levelling. Before use, a theodolite must be preciselyplaced vertical above the point to be measured using a plumb bob, optical plummet or laser plummet. Theinstrument is then set level using levelling footscrews and circular and more precise tubular spirit bubbles.

A dumpy level, builder's auto level, leveling instrument, or automatic level is an optical instrument used to establish or check points in the same horizontal plane. It is used in surveying and building totransfer, measure, or set horizontal levels.The level instrument is set up on a tripod and, depending on the type, either roughly or accurately set to a leveled condition using footscrews (levelling screws). The operator looks through the eyepiece of thetelescope while an assistant holds a tape measure or graduated staff vertical at the point under measurement. The instrument and staff are used to gather and/or transfer elevations (levels) during site surveys orbuilding construction. Measurement generally starts from a benchmark with known height determined by a previous survey, or an arbitrary point with an assumed height.

A total station is an electronic/opticalinstrument used in modern surveying and buildingconstruction. The total station is an electronictheodolite (transit) integrated with anelectronic distance meter (EDM) to read slopedistances from the instrument to a particularpoint.

Coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known coordinate canbe determined using the total station as long as a direct line ofsight can be established between the two points. Angles anddistances are measured from the total station to points undersurvey, and the coordinates (X, Y, and Z or easting, northing andelevation) of surveyed points relative to the total stationposition are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation. Todetermine an absolute location a Total Station requires line ofsight observations and must be set up over a known point or withline of sight to 2 or more points with known location.

Measurement of distance is accomplished with amodulated microwave or infrared carrier signal,generated by a small solid-state emitter withinthe instrument's optical path, and reflected bya prism reflector or the object under survey.The modulation pattern in the returning signalis read and interpreted by the computer in thetotal station. The distance is determined byemitting and receiving multiple frequencies, anddetermining the integer number of wavelengths tothe target for each frequency.

Robotic total stations allow the operator tocontrol the instrument from a distance viaremote control. This eliminates the need for anassistant staff member as the operator holds thereflector and controls the total station fromthe observed point.

Robotic total stationwith automatic targetrecognition andexcellent trackingperformance. Simpleroutines for allpositioning tasks.

Builder 209 & 309; Easy to use, tough total stations, builtspecially for site work. Fast, reliable angle & distancemeasurements.

Highly accurate and productive total stations. Superb angle& distance technology, powerful suite of on-board programs,many sensor and accuracy options, highest reliability.Perfect for all surveying and engineering work.

Rugged, adaptable total stations with accurate anglemeasurements, quadruple axis compensation, powerfulreflectorless EDM, data output in any format, and applicationprograms for surveying and engineering.

GNSS Leica GS09,Exchangeable communication devices for field base stationsand RTK rovers with removable SIM card.

We also haveprojectors: TheVPL-EX100 whichis an Excellentchoice forEducation orBusiness, thanksto a long-lastinglamp design andlow powerconsumption.

Tripod; The mostimportantcriterion for agood tripod isits stability,quite explicitly,the torsionalrigidity.

The Leica GS09 can be used in a large variety of operatingmodes, providing you with a complete surveying system.Requiring only the GS09 SmartAntenna and CS09 Controller,combined with appropriate accessories, many differentoperating choices are available.

1. RTK RoverThe extremely light-weight and cable freerover is comfortable touse for the entire day.Built exceptionallyrugged, the roverwithstands rough use andtopple overs.

2.Reference StationThe easily setup RTK basestation requires only theGS09 SmartAntenna, aradio modem and battery.By connecting the CS09Controller, raw satellitedata can be logged.

3.Network RoverThe Leica GS09 worksperfectly in allreference networks.The networkcorrections can bereceived with LeicaGSM/CDMA modules orby using your mobilephone.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-basednavigation system made up of a network of 24 satellitesplaced into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.[1]Military actions was the original intent for GPS, however inthe 1980s, the U.S. government decided to allow the GPSprogram to be used by civilians. Weather conditions do notaffect the ability for GPS to work. The systems works 24/7anywhere in the world. There are no subscription fees orsetup charges to use GPS.

Double Prism Optical Square:Use for:-Placing points on line-Offset measurements-Detail plans and areameasurement-Setting out curves-Determining the horizontal-Simple height measurements

GPS devices may havecapabilities such as:-maps, includingstreets maps, displayedin human readableformat via text or in agraphical format...

We also have hoes,machete, pics and soon to help clearingin a workingenvironment.

Radio & accessories

Steel tape measure

Hammer to make a goodpeg enforcement

Wheel meter formeasuringdistances

Ranging rods help inAlignment establishment

MS 16 Mirror SOKKIAStreoscope: designedto be the smallestpossible size whilestill enabling thestereoscopic viewingof a pair ofphotographs withoutfolding oroverlapping.

Some of ourinstruments donot work underthe rain

Internal & externalremovable &rechargeable batteries

3D Laser Scanner is the perfect tool for automatic testing &measuring of dimensions.Capture tens of millions of measurements with high-resolution, digital color to match. Lightweight, fast, andsurprisingly easy to use - the Focus3D makes 3D scanningaffordable and accessible for your application.

For anybody working on or around a site with the need of a simple, intuitive, yet innovative, long-lasting and powerful measuring tool, we are here for you.We allow beginners and professionals to do their works quickly and efficiently.