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INDUSTRIALIZATION IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR Herve CHARRUE Research Director AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District

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2 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES

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3 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES GLOBAL WARMING

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4 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES WORLD POPULATION Source : World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Highlights - United Nations 2 4 6 8 10 TOTAL WORLD (9,2 BInH) ASIA (5,3 BInH) AFRICA (2 B InH) NORTH AMERICA (0,44 BInH FORECAST OECANIA ( 0,05 BInH) EUROPE (0,66 BInH) SOUTH AMERICA (0,77 BInH) 12 BInH

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5 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES POPULATION AGEING Source : World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision, Highlights - United Nations AFRICA EUROPE PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION IN 2005 ( ) & 2050 ( ) POPULATION BY BROAD AGE GROUP % YEARS

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6 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES URBANIZATION total population of the cities higher than 2 millions inhabitants (millions) population density (Inhab /sq km) % cities > 2 millions inhab vs total population total population of the cities higher than 2 millions inhabitants WORLD WIDE URBANIZATION RATE + 30% POPULATION WW LIVE IN CITY > 1Mio InH

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7 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES URBANIZATION IN FRANCE Source : INSEE MILLIONS INHABITANTS % TOTAL URBAN URBANIZATION RATE % URBAN RURAL 80 100 60 FRENCH URBAN POPULATION TREND 1846 - 1999 1936 41,5 Mio InH. 2009 65 Mio InH. > 1000 inhab / km 100 200 inhab / km

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8 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES CITY & DENSITY ANNUAL FUEL COMSUMPTION (GJ/hc) URBAN DENSITY (inhab/ha) NORTH AMERICAN CITIES AUSTRALIAN CITIES EUROPEAN CITIES ASEAN CITIES URBAN DENSITY vs LINK BUILDING + TRANSPORT CARS / 1000 inhabitant URBAN DENSITY (inhab/ha)

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9 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES CITY vs ENERGY & POLLUTION ENERGY PRODUCTION TRANSFORMATION 13% TRANSPORT 26% INDUSTRY 20% BUILDING 19% AGRICULTURE 19% WASTE trt 3% CITY FRANCE TRANSPORT + BUILDING ~ 50% GHG EMISSIONS

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10 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES SPEED OF CHANGE FOR EUROPEAN CITIES INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION to 4 FACTOR GHGas TIME 2 5 YRS 10 15 YRS 20 - 30 YRS 1 % NEW 99 % RENOVATION BUILDING TRANSPORT & INFRASTRUCTURE CITY COMPLEXITY

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11 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES 2050 CRITICAL PATH FOR BUILDING SECTOR 2020 - 2050 ACHIEVE 50 kWh/m/year TO POSITIVE ENERGY FOR NEWBUILDING INNOVATION HEATING/COOLING, VENTILATION, INSULATION LIGHTING, HOT WATER, ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & MOBILITY FULL STOCK RENOVATION 50 kWh/m/year 2050 NEED MAJOR INCREASE BUILDING PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES ASSESSMENT BUILDING DISTRICT SCALE ENERGY & RENEWABLES ENVIRONMENT (CO, WATER, RESSOURCES) AIR, WATER, NOISE QUALITY COMFORT INDEX

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12 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES EFFECTIVENESS C0 ABATEMENT MEASURES Source : Mc Kinsey AIR CONDITIONING LIGHTING WATER HEATING BUILDING SECTOR MAJORS TARGETS BUILDING INSULATION

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13 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES FRENCH BUILDING STOCK PROFILE 0 50 100 200 300 30 Dwellings (Mio) Consumption (kWh.m -2.year -1 ) 1975 21 1949 350 1871 1914 2610 1981 24 1990 27 2000 350 kWh.m -2.year -1 1974: 1st thermal regulation 1982: First label for insulation of buildings Thermal Regulation 2000 Kyoto Target in 2050 50 kWh.m /y Thermal Regulation 2005 31 Thermal Regulation 2012: 50 kWh/m /year 150 kWh.m /y Average: 250 kWh/m/year Stock Renewal rate 1% per year

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14 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES BUILDING PRODUCTION RATE Source : FFB 2011 HOUSING TERTIARY 3 Bm 1 Bm 33 Mm 22 Mm STOCKANNUALPRODUCTION 4 Bm 55 Mm FRANCE2011STOCK NEW

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15 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES BUILDING PRODUCTION RATE 20502010 200 55 m/an X 4 ANNUALPRODUCTION STOCK 50 kWh/m/y 4 6 Bm

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16 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONTEXT & ISSUES ISSUES SYNTHESIS PRODUCTION x 4 INNOVATIONS FULLL SCOPE vs 2050 TARGETS RENOVATION FIRST (OCCUPIED SITE) MULTI SCALE PERFORMANCES ASSESSMENT COMPONENT - BUIDLING DISTRICT ALONG LIFE CYCLE COST VS FINANCIAL SOLVANCY

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17 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDSINDUSTRIALIZATION

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18 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE VARIOUS SCALES Source : NCC Drawings COMPONENTS TECHNOLOGIES CONCEPTION TOOLS CONCEPTION TOOLS DESIGN CONSTRUCTION PHASES PROCESS PROJECT DESIGN PROJECT DESIGN STRUCTURE ENVELOPPE STRUCTURE ENVELOPPE EQUIPMENTS NETWORKS EQUIPMENTS NETWORKS PERFORMANCES MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION ENGEENERING FOUNDATION ENGEENERING

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PROJECT DESIGN PROJECT DESIGN FOUNDATION ENGEENERING FOUNDATION ENGEENERING STRUCTURE ENVELOPPE STRUCTURE ENVELOPPE EQUIPMENTS NETWORKS EQUIPMENTS NETWORKS PERFORMANCES CONSTRUCTION PHASES MANAGEMENT DESIGN PROCESS 19 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE TECHNOLOGIES SCALE COMPONENTS TECHNOLOGIES CONCEPTION TOOLS CONCEPTION TOOLS FUNCTION ORIENTED TOWARDS SYSTEM ORIENTED LARGER INTEGRATION IN PERFORMANCE & VALUE CHAIN LARGER PUBLIC POLICIES FRAME QUALITY CONSISTENCY ROBUSTNEESS TO WORKFORCE COST EFFECTIVENESS DIFFERENCIATION NEW CONSTRUCTION / RENOVATION SAFETY HEALTH ENERGY - ENVIRONEMENT ECONOMY - SOCIAL NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

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20 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE TECHNOLOGIES SCALE: EXAMPLES INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTINDUSTRIAL SOLUTION FULLY INTEGRATED CONCEPTION & PRODUCT MULTI FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION KIT & PARTS NEW CONSTRUCTION & RENOVATION COMPLEXITY/RISK BARRIER EXCLUSIVE PACKAGE TRAINING & GUARANTEE TM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT HIGH PERFORMANCE PRODUCT GLAZING & FRAME MULTI FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS (OFF SITE) NO INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION KIT ESP FULL RENOVATION NO COMPLEXITY BARRIER PERFORMANCE SENSITIVITY TO WORK FORCE

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21 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE DESIGN SCALE: THE BIM FOUNDATION ENGEENERING FOUNDATION ENGEENERING STRUCTURE ENVELOPPE STRUCTURE ENVELOPPE EQUIPMENTS NETWORKS EQUIPMENTS NETWORKS PERFORMANCES COMPONENTS MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES CONSTRUCTION PHASES PROCESS PROJECT DESIGN CONCEPTION TOOLS CONCEPTION TOOLS DESIGN ELECTRICITY NETWORK VENTILATION HEATING CONVERSION 2D to BIM 3D TECHNICAL SYNTHESIS REGULATION CONFORMITY ASSETS MANAGEMENT + NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

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22 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE DESIGN SCALE : EXAMPLE ACOUSTICS ENVIRONMENT ENERGY MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATION, PLANNING, DESCRIPTION, MANAGEMENT BIM-IFC

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23 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE PROCESS SCALE :THE QUEST CONSTRUCTION PHASES PROCESS OFF SITE PRODUCTION TIME COST QUALITY

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24 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE PROCESS SCALE: IDEOLOGY ?

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25 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE PROCESS SCALE: EXAMPLES

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26 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION THE ACTUAL INDUSTRIALIZATION SWOT SW T O FUNCTION & PERFORMANCES ORIENTED CONSISTANCY & VOLUME QUALITY COST TECHNO PUSH vs ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION LACK OF INTEGRATION CONCEPTION REALIZATION MAINTENANCE INTEROPERATION LARGE SCALE USER INTERFACE ROBUSTNESS TO WORKFORCE RENOVATION ADAPTATION (OCCUPIED SITES) END USER REQUIREMENTS INTEGRATION NO F4 2050 ACHIEVEMENT GRENN WAVE ATTITUDE TRADITIONAL COME BACK PREFORMANCE CONSISTANCY & SCALE UP FULL INTEGRATION VS CONCEPTION REALIZATION MAINTENANCE WORK FORCE UPGRADE TOWARDS TECH PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FULL SCALE INNOVATIONS COST REDUCTION & GREEN VALUE

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27 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TOWARDS INDUSTRIALIZATION ISSUES SYNTHESIS ARCHITECTURAL DIVERSITY PRODUCTION x 4 INNOVATIONS FULLL SCOPE vs 2050 TARGETS RENOVATION FIRST (OCCUPIED SITE) MULTI SCALE PERFORMANCES ASSESSMENT COMPONENT - BUIDLING DISTRICT ALONG LIFE CYCLE COST VS FINANCIAL SOLVANCY END USER

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28 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CSTB

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29 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CSTBs ROLE RESEARCH PUBLIC POLICIES SUPPORT (PUBLIC BODY) INNOVATION INTEGRATION CERTIFICATION PRODUCTS & SYSTEMS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE TO CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

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30 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District TERRITORIAL COLLECTIVITIES OWNERS END USERINDUSTRIALISTS COMPANIES DEVELOPERS CONTRACTORSGOVERNMENT SAFETY HEALTH ENERGY ENVIRONEMENT ECONOMY SOCIAL NUMERICAL INTEGRATION INNOVATIONSPERFORMANCES BUILDING DISTRICT CITY TERRITORIES INTEGRATION SIMULATION EXPERIMENTATION MEASUREMENTS SCALES PUBLIC POLICIES FROM EVALUATION TO ASSESSMENT CSTB MISSION

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31 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District R&D ISSUES

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32 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District R&D ROLES KEY WORDS INNOVATION ( MATERIALS, COMPONENTS, SYSTEM, SERVICES, ORGANIZATION, COGNITION, ECONOMY, JURIDIC ) CONCEPTION & TOOLS TO DESIGN & ASSESS PERFORMANCES OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT (COMPONENT BUILDING DISTRICT CITY SCALES) SIMULATION WORKFLOW PERFORMANCE ACHIEVMENT ARCHTECTS : HOW TO INNOVATE UNDER PUBLIC POLICIES STRESS HOW TO SUCCEED IN MASSIVE WORKFORCE TRAINING TO ENSURE ROBUSTNESS TO LOW END WORKFORCE ECONOMICAL MODELS OF VALUE CHAIN

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33 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONCLUSIONS

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34 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District CONCLUSIONS INDUSTRIALIZATION s DRIVERS THINK GLOBAL ACT LOCAL 4 FACTOR 2050 FULL STOCK 4 FACTOR BUILDING PRODUCTIO INNOVATIONS FULL SCOPE - FULL SCALES ( R&D PARTENERSHIP) MASSIVE TRAINING OF WORKFORCE ECONOMICAL SOLVANCY & VALUE FROM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION TO ASSESSMENT

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35 / 33 AAHRUS 19 06 2012 Industry Energy Positive Building & District THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION