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I. The Rise of Industry American business and industry grew rapidly after the end of the Civil War. Industrialization changed the way people lived and worked
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Industrialization 1865 -
1901
Chapter 3, Lesson 1
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did the United States become an industrialized society after the Civil War?
I. The Rise of Industry• American business and industry grew rapidly
after the end of the Civil War. • Industrialization changed the way people lived
and worked
The United States Industrializes
• After the Civil War, industry expanded rapidly
• Electrification advances in the 1890
• Early 1900s United States world’s leading industrial nation
• Gross National Product (GNP)- the total value of all goods and services a country produces during a year
Natural Resources• Abundance of raw
materials include timber, coal, iron, copper
• Could get resources cheaply (no importing)
• Most resources were in the West
• Settlement accelerated industrialization
Natural Resources• New resource called
petroleum, used to make kerosene fluid used in lanterns and stoves
• Began in western Pennsylvania
• 1859 Frederick Drake drilled first oil well in Titusville, PA
• 1900 oil fields from PA to Texas
A Large Workforce: Human Resources allowed rapid
industrialization
• Human resources allowed rapid industrialization
• Between 1860-1910 population tripled
• Provided industry with an abundant workforceo Came from large families (better
living conditions meant children survived)
o Immigrants - between 1870 and 1910, 17 million immigrants arrived. Some came for religious freedom others from oppressive governments
The Rise of Industry• How did the United States
become an industrialized society after the Civil War?
New Inventions• What invention from this
period has had the most impact on your daily life? Pay attention to find out!
New Inventions• Technologies and
inventions eased transportation and communications
• Produced more goods at lower prices
Thomas Alva Edison• Menlo Park, New Jersey:
forerunner of the modern laboratory
• 1877 Phonograph• Two years later the
electric generator and light bulb
• Made batteries and motion pictures
• Lewis Latimer made the carbon filament to make the incandescent bulb more durable
Communications• Cyrus Fields laid a
telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1866o Provided faster
communication between U.S. and Europe
• 1876 Scottish immigrant Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
New Inventions:George Westinghouse
• George Westinghouse invented o air brakes for railroads –
enabled longer and heavier trains to travel and increased safety
• Westinghouse company the first to use hydroelectric power
New Inventions• Thaddeus Lowe
invented the ice machine
• 1877 Gustavus Swift shipped refrigerated meat
• Josephine Cochrane developed the automatic dishwasher
• 1882 Edison supplied New York City with electricity
New Inventions:Textile Industry
• Northrop made an automatic loom to make cloth quickly
• Power driven sewing machines and cloth cutters
• Machines to produce shoes
• Production moved from small shops to large factories
Free Enterprise• Laissez-faire-
government should not interfere in the economy
• Government interference drives up costs
• Economic system with little or no government interference is know as free enterprise system
Free Enterprise• Laissez-faire relies on
supply and demand to regulate wages and prices (Free Market)
• Competition promotes efficiency and wealth
• Advocate low taxes and limited government debt
• Government should protect property rights and maintain peace
Free Enterprise• Practice- to do
something repeatedly so it becomes standard
• U.S. practiced a mixture of laissez-faire by keeping taxes low while promoting private investment
Free Enterprise• Prospect of making a
profit attracted entrepreneurs
• Entrepreneurs – people who risk their capital to organize and run businesses
• Northern entrepreneurs supported high tariffs to protect business from European manufacturers
Free Enterprise• Supported federal subsidies for building roads,
canals, and railroads• Southern leaders were against subsidies and
favored low tariffs to promote trade – keeps cost of imported goods low
Free Enterprise• During the Civil War
Congress greatly increased tariffs on imports
• Caused countries to raise tariffs on U.S. goods
• Tariffs were lowered and American companies became more competitive
• U.S. benefited from being the largest free trade zone in the world