Industrialization and Urbanization

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Question 1 - 10

Laissez-faire relies on what to regulate prices and wages?

Answer 1 – 10

• Supply and demand

Question 1 - 20

• During the early days of industrialization, many members of Congress believed that

tariffs were necessary to?

Answer 1 – 20

• Protect American industries from foreign competition

Question 1 - 30

• “Economies of Scale” refers to a companies ability to do what?

Answer 1 – 30

• Lower costs and increase production

Question 1 - 40

• A steel company that owns the coal mines, limestone quarries, and iron ore fields it

depends on is an example of?

Answer 1 – 40

• Vertical Integration

Question 1 - 50

• In the late 1800’s, confusion about deflation led to angry workers because?

Answer 1 – 50

• Workers were getting paid less but they didn’t realize that their money was worth more

because of lower prices

Question 2 - 10

• Supporters of pure laissez-faire believed the government should interfere in the economy

only to?

Answer 2 – 10

• Protect property rights and maintain peace

Question 2 - 20

• It made sense for big corporations to continue operating during poor economic times

because?

Answer 2 – 20

• Their operating costs were small, compared to their fixed costs

Question 2 - 30

• When a single company achieves control of an entire market, it is known as?

Answer 2 – 30

• A Monopoly

Question 2 - 40

• What was the technique for breaking a union in which the company refused to allow

workers to enter their property?

Answer 2 – 40

• Lockouts

Question 2 - 50

• By the 1800’s, more than half of all immigrants (the “New Immigrants”) in the

United States were from?

Answer 2 – 50

• Eastern and Southern Europe

Question 3 - 10

• Many labor unions opposed immigration, arguing that immigrants would?

Answer 3 – 10

• Would work for low wages and take jobs

Question 3 - 20

• William M. Tweed was?

Answer 3 – 20

• The party boss of the Tammany Hall political machine

Question 3 - 30

• What was the philosophy that Americans with a great deal of money should use it to help people who are motivated to improve their

lives?

Answer 3 – 30

• Gospel of Wealth

Question 3 - 40

• Nativists wanted to?

Answer 3 – 40

• Limit or cut off immigration

Question 3 - 50

• Subway systems were first developed to?

Answer 3 – 50

• Relieve congestion on city streets

Question 4 - 10

• Political machines provided new city dwellers with necessities such as jobs, housing and

police protection in exchange for?

Answer 4 – 10

• Votes

Question 4 - 20

• Individualism was the belief that?

Answer 4 – 20

• People can rise as far as their talents will take them and be successful

Question 4 - 30

• What philosophy stated that society became stronger by allowing people and businesses to

fail, therefore the government/society shouldn’t help failing businesses or people in

poverty?

Answer 4 – 30

• Social Darwinism

Question 4 - 40

• The total value of all goods and services that a country produces is its?

Answer 4 – 40

• Gross National Product

Question 4 - 50

• What is the purpose of starting a corporation instead of a private business?

Answer 4 – 50

• Allows companies to raise large amounts of capital while spreading out the financial risk

among many stock holders.

Question 5 - 10

• What advantages did big corporations have over small businesses?

Answer 5 – 10

• They could produce more goods, cheaply and efficiently

Question 5 - 20

• When a union called a strike, employers would often hire replacements, called?

Answer 5 – 20

• Strikebreakers

Question 5 - 30

• Employers generally viewed unions as?

Answer 5 – 30

• An attempt to interfere with production and illegal

Question 5 - 40

• The Knights of Labor suffered a steady decline in membership and influence due to

unsuccessful strikes and?

Answer 5 – 40

• Violence associated with unions

Question 5 - 50

• John D. Rockefeller made his fortune in what industry?

Answer 5 – 50

• Oil