Industrialization and Global Capitalism

Industrialization and Global Capitalism

Key Concept 5.1: Industrialization fundamentally Key Concept 5.1: Industrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It altered the production of goods around the world. It

not only changed how goods were produced and not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as what was considered a “good”, consumed, as well as what was considered a “good”,

but it also had far-reaching effects on the global but it also had far-reaching effects on the global economy, social relations, and culture. Although it is economy, social relations, and culture. Although it is common to speak of an ‘Industrial Revolution’, the common to speak of an ‘Industrial Revolution’, the process of industrialization was a gradual one that process of industrialization was a gradual one that

unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and

nineteenth centuries, eventually becoming global.nineteenth centuries, eventually becoming global.

Industrialization changes how goods are produced

Industrialization changes how goods are produced

• A: Industrialization is a result of many competing factors:A: Industrialization is a result of many competing factors:

*Europeís location on the Atlantic Ocean*Europeís location on the Atlantic Ocean

*The distribution of coal, iron and timber*The distribution of coal, iron and timber

*Demographic shifts *Demographic shifts

*Urbanization*Urbanization

*Improved Agricultural Productivity*Improved Agricultural Productivity

*The Protection of private property*The Protection of private property

*The abundance of rivers and canals*The abundance of rivers and canals

*Access to foreign resources*Access to foreign resources

*The Accumulation of Capital*The Accumulation of Capital

The Fossil Fuels RevolutionThe Fossil Fuels Revolution

• The Steam and Internal Combustion EnginesThe Steam and Internal Combustion Engines• Both make the Industrial Revolution possible and both Both make the Industrial Revolution possible and both

are heavy users of Fossil Fuels.are heavy users of Fossil Fuels.• This marks a “Fossil Fuel” RevolutionThis marks a “Fossil Fuel” Revolution• Humans now exploit the energy of fossil fuels, way more Humans now exploit the energy of fossil fuels, way more

energy than available before.energy than available before.

Factories EmergeFactories Emerge

• The Factories concentrate labor into The Factories concentrate labor into industrial townsindustrial towns

• Increasing Urbanization and reliance on Increasing Urbanization and reliance on laborlabor

• Increasing specialization and Increasing specialization and exploitation of laborexploitation of labor

• What permits this shift? Why can more What permits this shift? Why can more people work in factories?people work in factories?

The Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural Revolution

• Begins in Holland-now the Begins in Holland-now the Netherlands I 1600sNetherlands I 1600s

• Crops-> end of 3 field fallow Crops-> end of 3 field fallow system, now rotating crops and use system, now rotating crops and use of soil enrichment techniquesof soil enrichment techniques

• Livestock- Better breeding Livestock- Better breeding techniquestechniques

• ““Enclosures” and an end to the Enclosures” and an end to the “commons”“commons”

Impacts of Agricultural ReformImpacts of Agricultural Reform

• Increase populationIncrease population• Increased food productionIncreased food production• Increase in wage laborersIncrease in wage laborers• Increase in supply of woolIncrease in supply of wool• Decreases the number of farmersDecreases the number of farmers• Larger farms increase productionLarger farms increase production• Migration rises and cities growMigration rises and cities grow

Industrialization goes GlobalIndustrialization goes Global

• England and Western Europe are England and Western Europe are 11stst

• Then the U.S., Russia and Japan Then the U.S., Russia and Japan follow suitfollow suit

• Dramatically increasing Global Dramatically increasing Global Economic output and Industrial Economic output and Industrial goods.goods.

Industrialization evolvesIndustrialization evolves

• The incorporation of advanced The incorporation of advanced science and engineering results in science and engineering results in a ì2a ì2ndnd Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

• Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, advanced interchangeable parts, advanced interchangeable parts, etc.etc.