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Industrialisation, Urbanisation and the family
How the family has changed through history and why
• Key terms
• The family changed massively as a result of industrialisation and modernisation
• Industrialisation: Mass production of goods in factories.
• Modernisation: the social, cultural, political and economic changes that occurred ( religious belief systems being replaced by scientific ones.)
Pre – Industrialised Britain
• Kin based communities: A lineage or group of families who lived in a close knit community and worked together often on the land.
• Cottage Industries – Goods produced in the home by the family members. Usually the extended family
• Activity 8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4gsD78eahg
• The family performed many roles that the government now provides.
• Political function: punishment of individuals and setting of values.
• Education function: job training and teaching norms and values.
The industrial revolution
• The rapid development of machinery to mass produce goods in towns and cities. This revolution required a workforce to move to the towns and cities.
The main changes to the family after the industrial revolution
• 1. Workforce moved from cottage industry to industrial work in towns.
• 2. Home based businesses could not compete with the factories and closed down
• 3. Towns and cities grew in size
• Activity 11
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc&feature=related
Isolated nuclear family• Because people moved into the towns and cottage industry
and kin based societies stopped, the family changed.
• Industrial revolution led to the isolated nuclear family.
• Why did the family become nuclear?• Loss of function• Achieved status• Geographic mobility
• P78-9
Not all sociologists believe that the nuclear family was a result of the industrial
revolution
• Peter Laslett – Most families were nuclear BEFORE the industrial revolution
• He looked at Parish records from 1564 – 1821 and found that only 10% of people lived in extended families before the industrial revolution.
• How can Laslett’s study be criticised? p79
The industrial revolution made EXTENDED families stronger
• Michael Anderson
• 23% of households in Preston were made up extended family members AFTER the industrial revolution.
• Poverty and overcrowding meant that family members all lived together.
• Why else was the extended family popular at this time?
• Activity 12 and 13