Industrial Training Report (Civil)

Industrial Internship Report

Internship At

M/s. AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LTD.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the award of

Bachelor of Technology

By

ANUJ SRIVASTAVA (12D95A0101) &

SHUJATH ULLA KHAN (11D91A0195) &

Y. SHIVAPRASAD (11D91A01B4)

Under the guidance of Mr. G. Venkata Ratnam

HoD, Civil Engineering Department

Department of Civil Engineering Auroras Scientific, Technological and Research Academy,

(Affiliated by JNTU, Hyderabad) Bandlaguda, near Chandrayanagutta,

Hyderabad -500 005

August 2014

CERTIFICATE

TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr. ANUJ SRIVASTAVA, SHUJATH ULLA KHAN &

Y. SHIVAPRASAD bearing a Hall Ticket. No:- 12D95A0101, 11D91A0195 &

11D91A01B4 B.Tech final year Civil Engineering student of Auroras Scientific,

Technological & Research Academy (ASTRA), Chandrayanagutta, Bandlaguda,

Hyderabad, has completed their Internship from 18th June 2014 to 17th

August, 2014 in AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LIMITED Agri Gold Towers, 6-3-680/A/B,

Thakur Mansion Lane, Near Somajiguda Circle, Punjagutta, Hyderabad

500082.

His Conduct during the said Internship period was good and we wish his all

success in his future endeavor.

Signature of Head the organization with seal

Importance of Construction Sector

The changes in the political, economic, social and other conditions

make different demand on construction sector. Construction being

critical to improve the standard of living of the people, there is a

need for it to be more active, faster and quality conscious.

Construction activities have increased manifold and become

progressively more complex. The progressive use of sophisticated

technology has made construction capital intensive. The expected

growth of construction volume demands sophisticated managerial

talent to properly manage these big projects.

Objectives of Construction Sector:-

Speed of construction.

Control on quality of material and workmanship.

Optimum utilization of machinery.

Optimum utilization of man power.

Economy in construction.

Coordination between different agencies involved in

construction.

Facilitate the execution in a planned and efficient manner.

Ensures proper utilization of resources.

Duties of a Supervisor

To verify the standards of materials, quality of workmanship

with that of specifications and drawings.

To check the process of construction practices followed in the

work.

To reject the substandard material and to be careful in

recommending substitutes.

To assist the contractor in the interpretation of the

contractor documents by regular consultation.

To maintain good coordination among different agencies

connected to the work.

To check any mistakes or errors that are observed in the

drawing or designs and necessary steps should be taken to

rectify such mistakes as early as possible.

To have regular check over the control of cost and should be

seen that no extra cost is incurred in completing any item of

the work.

To check the progress of work as per the schedule and all

necessary steps should be taken to avoid slow progress of

work.

To get an idea about the type of equipment and other plant

required and the exact time when they are needed.

Various Stages in a Completion of Building

Soil Bearing Capacity

Earthwork excavation

Foundation

Plinth

Superstructure and columns

Sills, lintels and weather shades

Roofs (or) slab

Steps and stairs

Ground and upper floors

Finishes for wall

Soil Bearing Capacity:-

Bearing capacity is the ability of soil to safely carry the pressure

placed on the soil from any engineered structure without undergoing

a shear failure with accompanying large settlements. Applying a

bearing pressure which is safe with respect to failure does not

ensure that settlement of the foundation will be within acceptable

limits. Therefore, settlement analysis should generally be performed

since most structures are sensitive to excessive settlement.

Bearing pressures exceeding the limiting shear resistance of the soil

cause collapse of the structure which is usually accompanied by

tilting. A bearing capacity failure results in very large downward

movements of the structure, typically 0.5 ft. to over 10 ft. in

magnitude. A bearing capacity failure of this type usually occurs

within 1 day after the first full load is applied to the soil.

Ultimate Bearing Capacity:-

The generally accepted method of bearing capacity analysis is to

assume that the soil below the foundation along a critical plane of

failure (slip path) is on the verge of failure and to calculate the

bearing pressure applied by the foundation required to cause this

failure condition. This is the ultimate bearing capacity (qu).

Objectives of Soil Investigation:-

To know the quantities and thickness of underground soil so as

to predict the behavior of foundation under loading.

To assign the suitable safe bearing capacity of the underlying

soil.

To determine the depth of the foundation.

To select safe and most economical type of foundation.

To find the depth of water table.

To make allowances for the likely settlement of foundation.

Earthwork Excavation:-

Excavation shall include site clearance, careful removal of all the

materials of whatever nature and whether dry or wet, exactly in

accordance with the lines, levels, grades, curves and dimensions etc.

shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. It

shall be taken to exact widths and levels of the lowest step of the

foundations, footing, basement, etc. and the sides shall be left

plumb where the nature of soil permits its. Bottom surfaces and

sides of all excavation shall be trimmed and formed to required

levels, slops, etc. as directed. The bottom surface of the excavation

in rock shall be made as level and true as possible. Before laying the

foundation concrete, metal ling, etc. the bottom surfaces shall be

sufficiently watered and thoroughly rammed.

Earth excavation and grading can be a fascinating part of a

construction project. The powerful heavy equipment, used to best

advantage by a skilled operator, is a joy to behold. Excavation is

often used as a broad term which includes cut (or excavation) and

fills (or embankment). Cut is defined as removing material to lower

the elevation of an area. Fill is defined as placing material to raise

the elevation of an area. Compaction must take place during a fill

operation to increase the density of the soil material being placed.

Classification of Soil for Excavation-

For payment to contractors for excavation, the earthworks have

been classified into the following categories:

1. Soft/loose soil

2. Hard/dense soil

3. Ordinary rock not requiring blasting

4. Hard rock where blasting is allowed

5. Hard rock where blasting is not allowed

If excavation work is given on contract, there should be mutual

understanding of these definitions between owner and contractor as

payments for excavation of the different categories differ vary

widely.

Foundation:-

Foundation of a structure is like the roots of a tree without which

the tree cannot stand. The construction of any structure, be it a

residence or a skyscraper; starts with the laying of foundations.

Before designing the foundation, the type of soil is determined.

Depending on whether the soil is hard soil or soft soil, a specific

type of foundation is adopted. The bearing capacity of soil plays a

major role in deciding the type of foundation. The safe bearing

capacity of soil should be 180N/mm2 to 200N/mm2. Foundations are

broadly classified into shallow foundations and deep foundations.

The depth of the foundation means the difference of level between

the ground surface and the base of the foundation. If the depth of

the foundation is greater than its width the foundation is classified

as a deep foundation.

1. Shallow Foundations:-

Shallow foundations are usually placed within a depth D beneath the

ground surface less than the minimum width B of the foundation.

Shallow foundations consist of spread and continuous footings, wall

footings and mat etc. A spread footing distributes column or other

loads from the structure to the soil, where B W 10B. A continuous

footing is a spread footing where W > 10B.

2. Deep Foundations:-

Deep foundations can be as short as 15 to 20 ft. or as long as 200

ft. or more and may consist of driven piles, drilled shafts or stone

columns. A single drilled shaft often has greater load bearing

capacity than a single pile. Deep foundations may be designed to

carry superstructure loads through poor soil (loose sands, soft clays,

and collapsible materials) into competent bearing materials. Deep

foundation support is usually more economical for depths less than

100 ft. than mat foundations.

In sloped or stepped footings, the effective cross-section in

compression shall be limited by the area above the neutral plane, and

the angle of slope or depth and location of steps should be such that

the design requirements are satisfied at every section.

Functions of Foundation:-

To distribute the load of the structure, on large area, so that

the intensity of load does not exceeded the safe bearing

capacity of the underlying soil.

To distribute the load uniformly to the soil, to prevent unequal

settlements of foundation.

To provide a level and hard surface, for the superstructure.

To increase the stability of the structure against sliding,

overturning or other disturbing forces like wind, rain, etc.

Layout of Building:-

The real meaning and purpose of setting out (layout) is to transfer

the plan, length and width of its foundation on the ground so that

the foundation can be excavated for construction of purposed

building as per drawing.

The following preliminary works should be executed before actual

planning of layout for the house.

Clear the site from all grass, bushes, trees, etc.

Record spot levels of the ground.

Construct a permanent bench mark in construction area.

Base Line:-

For setting out /layout, the most important requirement is to

establish a baseline. This is marked on the ground as per site plan

requirement with the help of offsets which are taken from the

existing road or existing building.

Centre Line:-

Centre line divides the plan into two equal parts. This can be marked

in the field with the help of baseline. This line is very necessary and

useful for layout. This line should be transferred to Burjis and be

kept up to the completion of foundation work. Centre line marking on

the field is done before excavating the land by using center line

plan. A center line marking makes the construction accurate and easy

to execute.

'Burjis' and its' Distance:-

Burji or marking pillars are masonry pillars constructed with bricks

and cement mortar. These are constructed on both ends of walls

/columns and center line should be marked on the top surface of the

burjis with the help of base line. Burji is also constructed for

indicating the plinth level of the building. Burjis are very useful for

the layout. Accuracy of the foundation can be checked with the help

of Burji at any time during construction. Burjis should be kept intact

till completion of foundation work.

Spacing between Foundations:-

Foundations on footings spaced sufficiently close together to

intersect adjacent shear zones may decrease bearing capacity of

each foundation. Spacings between footings should be at least 1.5B,

to minimize any reduction in bearing capacity. Increases in

settlement of existing facilities should be checked when placing new construction near existing facilities.

Different Processes in Foundation Work:-

1. Excavation of earth work in trenches for foundation.

2. Laying out Plain Cement concrete (P.C.C) in a ratio of

(1:4:8) or (1:4:5) as per the Plan.

3. Centre line marking of columns by using burjis.

4. Laying the footing in case of raft or column construction.

5. Laying Brick work up to plinth level.

6. Laying Damp proof course on the walls.

7. Refilling of earth around the walls.

8. Refilling of earth in the building portion up to the required

height according to plinth level.

Plinth Level (or) Height of Basement:-

In architecture, a plinth is the base or platform upon which

a column, pedestal, statue, monument or structure rests. The plinth

is a slightly thicker course at the base of a wall or a column; often

made of a more durable material than the rest of the wall or column.

The plinth course forms the first course of the rising wall

immediately above the footings. The Basement is completely filled

by the layers of fine sand, fine gravel, coarse gravel, small stones,

rocks and firm soil. The height of the plinth should not be less than

450mm from surrounding ground level. The height of the basement

varies with local conditions.

Functions of the plinth:-

To prevent the building from damp or moisture penetration

into it.

To transmit the load of the super structure to the foundation.

To act as a retaining wall so as to keep the filling in position

below raised floor of the build.

To improve the elevation of the building.

Plinth Beams:-

We have seen that the projecting part of the wall immediately above the ground up to the ground floor level is known as plinth. It

gives an appearance of additional stability to the building and also

the clearance from the ground level. In first class buildings, for

getting crack free walls, especially in clayey soils, an RCC beam is

usually provided in the main walls above the ground level and just

below the ground floor level. This is called a Plinth Beam. Under

normal condition, it is made 10to 15cm in depth and extending the

full width of the upper wall. Two numbers of mm (or 3 numbers of

6mm) high strength steel, both on top and bottom, bound by 8mm

stirrups at some distance depending on depth of the beam are

provided as reinforcement for the plinth beam. In addition, DPC

(Damp-proof course) of bitumen coating is usually provided on top of

this plinth beam.

Functions of Plinth Beam:-

They connect columns in the two principal directions to act

as earthquake ties.

They support brick walls resting on top of plinth beams. This

causes bending and shears in plinth beams.

Brickwork in foundations is saved by providing plinth beams.

They transfer the loads on to the foundation.

Dampness at Basement level:-

One of the primary objectives of building is that it should keep dry.

The dampness in the building is caused due to bad design, faulty

construction or poor material. Dampness not only reduces the life of

the structure and cause unhealthy conditions for the occupants. It

causes efflorescence which may leads to disintegration of bricks,

stones, tiles etc. Dampness can be prevented by adopting Membrane

damp-proofing, integral damp-proofing, surface treatment, guniting,

cavity wall construction etc.

Sand filling In Basement:-

Flooring concrete for ground floors should not be laid directly on

the original earth work described above without sand filling except

in cases where the foundation soil itself is sand. A sand layer with

thickness of 30cm for very clayey soils and at least 15cm for soils

other than sand should be placed above the fill. It should be

compacted in layers of flooding.

Superstructure:-

It consists of all parts of the building, which are constructed above

the plinth level i.e. walls, lintels, sills and roof beams.

Column:-

A vertical member whose effective length is greater than 3 times

its least lateral dimension carrying compressive loads is called as

column. Columns transfer the loads from the beams or slabs to the

footings or foundations. Generally the column may be square,

rectangular or circular in shape. Columns are frequently used to

support beams and arches on which the upper part of walls or

ceilings rests. The reinforcement in the column is designed as two

types. They are:-

Longitudinal reinforcement:-

The cross sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement shall not

be less than 0.8% and not more than 6% of gross cross

sectional area of the column.

In any column that has larger cross sectional area than that

required supporting the load, the minimum percentage of steel

shall be 0.8% of required area and not the area actually

provided.

Minimum no. of longitudinal bars to be provided is 4 for

rectangular columns and 6 for circular columns.

Minimum diameter of the longitudinal bars is 12mm.

Spacing of longitudinal bars measured along the periphery of

the column shall not exceed 300mm.

Transverse reinforcement:-

A reinforced concrete compression member shall have transverse or

helical reinforcement so disposed that every longitudinal bar nearest

to the compression face has effective lateral support against

buckling. The effective lateral support is given by transverse

reinforcement either in the form of circular rings capable taking up

circumferential tension or by polygonal links (lateral Ties) with

internal angles not exceeding 135 . The ends of the transverse

reinforcement shall be properly anchored. The diameter of lateral

ties shall not be less than 1 4 of the diameter of largest longitudinal

bar and in no case less than 6mm.

Walls:-

Wall is the structure built to divide the building in to no. of rooms.

Load bearing walls are used to transmit the load from the roof and

from upper floors to the foundation. Walls can built with different

kinds of material such as bricks, stones, wood, glass etc.

Masonry:-

The art of construction of structure with stone, brick or any other

building blocks and mortar is called masonry. Masonry can be

classified into 3 types. They are:-

1. Rubble masonry

2. Ashlars masonry

3. Brick masonry

As brick work is an important part of building construction, we will

consider it in greater detail than other topics.

Brick Masonry:-

Bricks laid in systematical way are bounded together with mortar to

form a homogenous mass capable of withstanding and transmitting

forces without failure is called brick masonry.

Terms Generally Used in Brickwork:-

1. Header:-A brick lay with its

in 3 in end parallel to the

face of the wall.

2. Stretcher:-A brick lay with its 9 in 3 in side parallel to the

face of the wall.

3. Bat:-Any portion of a brick cut or broken across its length.

For example, half bat will be

in

in 3in size.

4. Closer:-The portion of a brick cut along the lengths in such a

way as one long face remains intact. When it is cut into two

equal halves, it is called a queen closer. A brick cut at the

corner along the midpoints of the adjacent sides is a king

closer. This is at times used in junctions of walls.

5. Bed:-The bottom surface of the brick which rests upon the

mortar spread to receive it.

6. Frog:-The indentation on one or both of the

in 9in

surfaces of the brick.

7. Arrisers:-The edges of the brick lay on the same bed.

8. Quoins:-The stones used at the corners are quoins.

9. Junctions:-The meeting place of a longitudinal wall and a cross

wall is called a junction.

10. Plinth Course:-The horizontal course of stone or brick

provided at the base of the wall at floor level above the ground

level is called plinth course.

11. Throating:-The groves provided at the end of corbels,

lintels for discharging rainwater clear of walls is called

Throating.

12. Perpends:-The vertical joints separating the bricks in

either length or cross direction are known as Perpends.

13. Lap:-The horizontal distance between the vertical joints

in successive courses is termed as a lap.

Recommended mortars for Brickwork

Mortar is the plastic mixture of binding materials like cement or

lime, fine aggregate and water in suitable proportions. This is

used to bond masonry units.

Various types of mortars mixes used for brick work are as

follows:-

Brick Strength

(N/mm2)

Mortar Mix

Cement or Cement

Lime

Mortar Strength

(N/mm2)

Below 5 1:6 or 1:2:9 3

5-15 1:5 or 1:1:6 5

15-25 1:4 or 1:1

2:4

1

2 7.5

>25 1:3 or 1:1

4:3 10

Bonding of Bricks

The art of bonding brickwork consists of the orderly arrangements

of the bricks in such a way that continuous or through joints along

the walls are also reduced to a minimum. Bonding helps in the

distribution of the loads. Bonding is carried by use of closures (in

the header course) or three quarters in the stretcher course.

As bricks of different sizes are used in practice in various

places, the width of brickwork is measured by bricks and not by

actual measurement. Thus using 9 41"

2 3" sizes as headers a half

brick wall, usually taken as 41"

2 inches in thickness will be obtained.

The thickness of one brick wall is taken as 9 inches. The thickness

of mortar joints is usually taken as not more than 6mm (1 4 ) for

very good bricks and 10mm (3 8 ) for ordinary bricks.

Types of Bonding

English Bond:-It is the most commonly used bond for all wall thicknesses. On elevation, this consists of alternate courses of all

headers (length of brick) and all stretchers (side of bricks). It is

the straightest forward of all bonds to lay and give greater strength

than any other as it results in fewer through joints and entails the

use of a minimum no. of brick bats.

Flemish or Double Flemish Bond:-On elevation, it consists of alternate headers and stretchers in every course. It is perhaps not

quite as strong as English bond. However, this bond is preferred

where special bricks are used for facing works on the grounds of

greater economy and more interesting appearance. It is economical

because it requires fewer facing bricks.

Rules of Bonding

The bricks should be uniform in size, and the proportion of

length to breadth is such that the length becomes twice the

width plus one joint. Good bond is impossible otherwise, as the

lap would not be uniform.

The minimum amount by which the bricks in 1 course overlap

the bricks in the course below should be 21

4 inch along the

length of the wall and 41

2 inch across the thickness of the wall.

The vertical joints in the alternate courses should fall in a

plumb (vertical) line from the top of the wall to its base,

whether on the face or in the interior of the wall.

Bats should be used as little as possible and where used, should

be evenly distributed throughout the whole of the work.

The bricks in the interior thickness of the very thick walls

should be laid with their length across the wall i.e. header wise.

Sills, Lintels and Weather Shades:-

The wall below the bottom of window frame is called sill of a window.

Lintel is a horizontal structural member provided to support the

weight of the wall above the opening of door or window.

Functions of Sills, Lintels and Weather Shades:-

Sills protect the top of the wall from wear and tear.

Lintels are placed over the openings of doors and windows, as

the frames of doors and windows are not strong enough to

support the weight of the wall above the opening.

Weather shades are provided to protect the doors and

windows from the weathering agents such as sun, rain, frost

etc.

Roof Beams:-

A roof is the upper part of a building which is constructed in the

form of a framework to give protection to building against rain,

heat, wind etc. And the beams provided to withstand the loads of

slab or roof is called roof beams. These beams are generally

provided to improve the ductility of the beam in earth quack regions.

They reduce long term deflections and increase the stiffness. These

beams are generally reinforced in both compression and tension

sides hence they are also called as doubly reinforced roof beams.

The minimum reinforcement area of tension reinforcement should

not be less than the following

= .

=

= /

This works out only 0.2% for Fe 415 steel and 0.34% for Fe

250 steel.

The maximum area of tension reinforcement should not exceed

4% of the gross cross sectional area.

< 0.04

Where D = gross depth of the beam

The reinforcement shall have concrete cover of thickness

neither less than 25mm nor less than twice the diameter of

such bar.

Where the depth of the beam exceeds 750mm, side face

reinforcement shall be provided along the two faces. The total

area of such reinforcement shall be not less than 0.1% of the

beam area and a spacing not exceeding 300mm.

Slabs

Slabs are plane structural members whose thickness is small as

compared to its length and breadth. Slabs are most frequently used

as roof coverings and floors in various shapes as square, rectangular,

circular, triangular etc. in buildings. Slabs supports mainly

transverse loads and transfers them to the supports by bending

action in one or more directions. Beams or walls are the common

supports for the slabs.

Types of Slabs

Depending up on the ratio of longer span to short span( ), the

slabs are classified in to:

1. One Way Slab

2. Two Way Slab

One Way Slab:-

Slabs which are supported on all four edges and the ratio of longer

span to the shorter span ( ) is greater than 2 are called as one

way slab. One way slabs bends in one direction i.e., along the shorter

span and hence it needs main reinforcement in one direction only

(along the shorter span) to resist one way bending. However minimum

reinforcement known as distribution steel is provided along the

longer span above the main reinforcement to distribute the load

uniformly and to resist temperature and shrinkage stresses.

Two Way Slab:-

When the slabs are supported on all the four edges and the ratio of

longer span to the shorter span ( ) is less than or equal to 2, the

slabs are likely to bend along the two spans and such slabs are called

as two way slabs. The load is transferred in both the directions to

the four supporting edges and hence main reinforcement has to be

designed in both the directions to resist two way bending.

Note:-

When a slab is supported only on two opposite edges, irrespective of

longer span to shorter span ratio, the slab behaves like a one way

slab as it bends in only one direction i.e., perpendicular to the

supports (span direction).

A square slab (

= 1) will also acts as one way slab if it is

supported only on two opposite edges.

Minimum Reinforcement:-

The reinforcement in either direction of span shall not be less than

0.15% of gross cross sectional area if mild steel is used. However,

this value is reduced to 0.12% where high strength deformed bars

or welded wire fabrics are used.

Maximum Diameter of Bars:-

The diameter of the bars shall not exceed one eighth of the total

thickness of slab.

Spacing of Main Reinforcement:-

The spacing of main reinforcement in slabs shall not be more than

three times the effective depth of solid slab or 300mm whichever is

less.

Distribution Reinforcement:-

The area of distribution reinforcement shall not be less than 0.15%

of gross cross sectional area if plain bars are used and 0.12% if high

yield strength deformed bars are used. The spacing of distribution

reinforcement in slabs shall not be more than five times the

effective depth of slab or 450mm whichever is less.

Cover to Reinforcement:-

Reinforcement shall have concrete cover of thickness as follows:-

a) At each end of reinforcement bar not less than 25 mm nor less

than twice the diameter of such bar.

b) The bottom cover for reinforcement shall not be less than

20mm or less than the diameter of such bar.

Stair Case:-

Stairs provide access for the various floors of the building. The

stair consists of series of steps with landings at appropriate

intervals. The stretch between the two landings is called flight. The

room or space where stairs are provided is called stair case.

The width of stair depends up on the type of building in which it is

projected. Generally in residential buildings, the width of stair is

kept as 1 m and in case of public buildings it may be up to 2 m. to

allow free flow of users, the width of landings should be at least

equal to the width of stairs.

Each step has one tread (going) and one rise. Rise and tread are

proportional so as to provide convenient and easy access. The rise

may vary from 150 mm to 200 mm. the tread is in between 250 mm

to 300 mm. As per IS: 456, the slope or pitch of the stairs should

be in between 25 40.

Types of Stair Cases:-

1. Single Flight stair Case: This type of stair is used in

cellars or where the height between the floors is small and the

frequency of its use is less.

2. Quarters Turn stair Case:-In this stair case, flights run

adjoining the walls and provide uninterrupted space at the

center of the room.

3. Doglegged Stair Case:-The most common type of stairs

arranged with two adjacent fights running parallel with a mid-

landing. Where space is less, dog legged stair case is generally

provided resulting in economical utilization of available space.

4. Open Well Stair Case:-In public buildings where large

spaces are available, open well stair case is generally preferred

due to its better accessibility, comfort and ventilation due to

its smaller flights with an open well at the center.

5. Geometrical stair Case:-It is aesthetically superior

compared to other types and is generally used in the entrance

of cinema theatres and shopping malls.

6. Spiral stair Case:-in congested locations, where space

available is small, spiral stairs are ideally suited. It comprises a

central post with precast treads anchored to the central

column.

Ground and Upper Floors:-

A single storeyed building has only one floor which directly rest

on the ground is known as ground floor. Multi-storeyed buildings

have other floors also in addition to ground floor. Sometimes, one

or two storeys of building are constructed underground level,

such floors below ground level are called basement floors.

Functions of Floors:-

1. The function of floor is to provide clean, smooth, durable,

strong and water tight leveled surface for users.

2. The upper floors divide the building in to no. of storeys and

provide heat, sound and fire insulation.

Finishes for Walls:-

Wall finishes are of several types, they are pointing, plastering,

painting etc.

Functions of Finishes of Wall:-

1. It protects the structure form the effect of rain, sun, snow

etc.

2. It provides true, smooth and even surface by covering

defective workmanship.

Ratios of Mix of Concrete

C.C Bed 1:5:10

1cement: 5coarse sand: 10 graded stone aggregate 40mm

nominal size.

R.C.C footing 1:2:4

1cement:2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm

nominal size.

R.C.C columns 1:1.5:3

1cement: 1.5coarse sand: 3graded stone aggregate 20mm

nominal size.

R.C.C plinth beam 1:2:4

1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 20mm

nominal size.

R.C.C chajja, lintels, shelves, stair case 1:2:4


nominal size.

R.C.C roof beams and slabs 1:2:4

1cement: 2graded coarse sand: 4graed stone aggregate

20mm nominal size.

R.R masonry 1:6:12


nominal size.

C.R.S masonry 1:6

1cement: 6coarse sand

Damp Proof Course 1:2:4

1cement: 2coarse sand: 4graded stone aggregate 12.5mm

nominal size.

Brick Wall

Brick work with F.P.S bricks of class designation 75 in super

structure above plinth level up to floor level in all shapes and

sizes.

1:4 (1cement:4coarse sand) for 4.5 thick brick wall.

1:6 (1cement: 6: coarse sand) for 9 thick brick wall.

Finishing

External plastering for height up to 10mts from ground level unless

otherwise started (without material).

12mm cement plastering

1:4 (cement:4fine sand)

1:6 (cement:6fine sand)


1:4 (1cement:4fine sand)

1:6(1cement:6fine sand)




Cement Plastering in Course Sand







AGRI GOLD PROJECTS LIMITED

Agri Gold Projects limited is located at Agri Gold Towers, 6-3-

680/A/B, Thakur Mansion Lane, Somajiguda Circle, Punjagutta,

Hyderabad. AGPL is a highly quality conscious company with the

motto of "Excellence through Quality". AGPL, realizing the business

potential, planned the diversification in to Construction Industry and

the division.

AGPL has been actively participating in the high growth

opportunities offered by Indian Infrastructure Industry, more

specifically in the construction sector of Row houses and High-Rise

Buildings.

AGPL's main thrust is in construction and upgrading of highways

and property development including world class townships and

commercial buildings using modern technology and equipment.

As a quality conscious company, AGPL continued to strengthen its

position and it is regarded as a pioneer and trusted business partner

serving the Indian infrastructure growth.

Agri Gold Projects Ltd. (AGPL) is a Company registered under the

Companies Act 1956. Its Registered Office is located at Hyderabad.

AGPL is a multi-core diversified Industrial Conglomerate and the

success dossier promoting new trends by developing Layouts, Earth

Works, Canal, High-Rise Buildings, Individual Villas, Row Houses, and

Club House & Resorts.

AGPL, realizing the business potential, planned the diversification

in to Construction Industry and the division.

Vision of the Company

To build a world-class engineering, construction, and project

management enterprise and to create a professional environment

that will continually challenge our associates and affiliates to

innovate, improve, and deliver. Mission to achieve excellence in

quality, safety, reliability by contributing towards community

development and nation building.

Our Project Site

Advantages of Industrial Training

It helps to improve the skills to communicate with the workers.

It provides experience to us.

It shows the way in which various works are done.

It helps to gain practical knowledge in the field.

It teaches us the basics of civil engineering.

It helps to improve our manual skills under senior engineers.

It increases our ability and attitude towards job.

It improves our familiarity with technical terms, material and

tools.

Documents

Industrial Training Report (Civil)