Industrial Testing 3

8/9/2019 Industrial Testing 3

1/15

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Othman Md. Johan 1

PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

AND ASSESSMENT

ASSOC. PROF.

DR. OTHMAN MD. JOHAN

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

By


2/15


Psychological testing

Psychological testing means the use ofone or more standardized

measurement instruments, devices, or procedures including the use of

computerized psychological tests, to observe or record human

behavior,

Psychological testing requires the application of appropriate normative

data for interpretation or classification

It is used for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment of mental and

emotional disorders and disabilities, the evaluation or assessment ofcognitive and intellectual abilities, personality and emotional states and

traits, and neuropsychological functioning.


3/15


Psychological assessment

Psychological assessment is a complex, detailed,

in-depth process that involves the integration of

information from multiple sources, such as

psychological tests, and other information like

personal and medical history, description ofcurrent symptoms and problems by either self or

others, and collateral information (interviews with

other persons about the person being assessed).

Thus apsychological testis one of the sources of

data used within the process of assessment


4/15


Measurement

Measurement refers to the process by which

the attributes or dimensions of some physical

object are determined.

Standard instruments are used to determine

the attributes and dimensions and these

instruments must be reliable and valid.


5/15


Evaluation

Evaluation is a systematic process of gathering and

analyzing information about some aspect of a person

in order to make a decision.

This process involves testing, assessment, and

measurement.


6/15


Types of Psychological Tests

Norm-referenced

IQ/achievement tests

Personality tests

Neuropsychological tests

Direct observation tests

Psychological evaluations using data mining


7/15


Norm-referenced Test

Norm-referenced test / NRT is a type oftest,assessment, or evaluation which yields an estimateof the position of the tested individual in a predefinedpopulation, with respect to the trait being measured.

This type of test determines a student's placement ona normal distribution curve.

The term "normative assessment" refers to theprocess of comparing one test-taker to his or her

peers.


8/15


Criterion-Referenced Test

A test in which an individual's score or performance

is compared with some previously established

criterion rather than with the performance of others.

A testing instrument in which the test-taker's

performance (i.e., score) is interpreted by comparing

it with a pre-specified standard or specific content

and/or skills.


9/15


IQ/achievement tests

IQ (or cognitive) tests and achievement tests are the mostcommon norm-referenced tests.

For both tests, a series of tasks is presented to the person beingevaluated, and the person's responses are graded according to

carefully prescribed guidelines.

The results can be compiled and compared to the responses ofa norm group, usually comprised of people at the same age orgrade level as the person being evaluated.

GraduateRecord Examination (Achievement test) eight broadfields, mainly in the sciences, but also in mathematics andEnglish.

IQ tests (e.g., WAIS-III, WISC-IV, Cattell Culture Fair IIII.)


10/15


Personality tests

A personality test aims to describe aspects of a

person's characterthat remain stable throughout that

person's lifetime, the individual's character pattern of

behavior, thoughts, and feelings.

Personality tests are often described as either

objective tests or projective tests


11/15


Objective Personality Tests

(Rating scale)

Objective personality tests have a restricted

response format, such as allowing fortrue orfalse

answers or rating using an ordinal scale.

Examples: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III

(Millon, 1994), Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach

& Rescorla, 2001), and the Beck Depression Inventory

(Beck & Steer, 1996).


12/15


Projective Personality Tests (Free

response measures)

Projective tests allow for a much freer type of

response.

An example :

Rorschach test, in which a person stateswhat each of ten ink blots might be.


13/15


Neuropsychological tests

Consist of specifically designed tasks used to

measure a psychological function known to

be linked to a particularbrain structure or

pathway.

Typically used to assess impairment after aninjury or illness known to affect

neurocognitive functioning.


14/15


Direct observation tests

Psychological assessment may also involve theobservation of people as they complete activities.

Usually conducted with families in a laboratory, homeor with children in a classroom.

The purpose may be clinical, such as to establish apre-intervention baseline of a child's hyperactive oraggressive behaviors or to observe the nature ofhuman interaction in order to understand a relationaldisorder.

Example: The Parent-Child Interaction Assessment-II(PCIA; Holigrocki, Kaminski & Frieswyk, 1999)


15/15


Psychological evaluations

using data mining

Draw inferences from existing records, texts, and

datasets about the person.

Example: The Abika Test. - involves gathering data

on the individual from public records, behavior

history records, consumer activities, shopping

histories, memberships in various organizations,court records, etc.

Documents

Industrial Testing 3