INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND PREVENTIVE CONTROL

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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND

PREVENTIVE CONTROL



CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SAFETY IN INDUSTRY

NEED FOR SAFETY

ORGANIZATION FOR SAFETY SAFETY COMMITTEE

SAFETY PROGRAMME

SAFETY TRAINING AND INSTRUCTIONS

ACCIDENTS

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

ACCIDENT PREVENTION



INTRODUCTION

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of

injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment in

any facility or place involving the manufacturing, producing andprocessing of goods or merchandise.

PREVENTIVE CONTROLAn internal control that is used to prevent undesirable

events, errors and other occurrences than an organization hasdetermined could have a negative material effect on a process or end product.



SAFETY IN INDUSTRY

The modern safety

movement started

around 1912 with the

First CooperativeSafety Congress and

the organization of

National Safety Council

in U.S.A.



From 1912 to the present time, remarkable advances have been

made in reducing the rate and severity of accidents.

The importance of industrial safety was realized because every year

millions of industrial accidents occur which result in either death or

permanent disablement of the employees.

Loss of lives and accidents costs gradually led to the formation of

Factories act, Office, Shops and railway Premises Act etc.

Safety begins on the drawing board when in the original design of tool or workplace layout, accident hazards may be built in or

eliminated.



SAFETY results

1. from safe plant, processes and operation

2. by educating and training workers and supervisors regarding safe

practices on the shop floor.

In an industry, safety may be considered

1. From mechanical side ( equipments, tools, etc.)

2. From the workmen¶s compensation side

3. As a matter of training in and motivation towards safe work

practices for workers



NEED FOR SAFETY

i. Increasing rate of production

ii. Reducing production cost

iii. Reducing damage to equipment and machinery

iv. Preventing premature death of talented workers who

are an asses to the society

v. Preventing needless pain and suffering to its

employees.



ORGANIZATION FOR SAFETY

In a small concern each shop supervisor may be responsible for safety inhis shop.

Each shop supervisor may report to top executives as regards safetymatters.

Since the shop supervisor has it main job to turn out production, he maytreat safety as a secondary aspect.

For this reason sometimes safety function is taken care of by personnelofficer or general foreman.

With the growth in the size of the industry, a full fledged safety departmentmay be created with the safety Director/Manager as its chief executive anda number of persons under him at different levels.





To get a maximum out of a safety committee

1. It should be assigned specific problems and duties

such as planning safety rules, publicizing them etc.

2. Its members should be asked to go on the shop floor

and watch what is being done about the safety.

3. It should be asked to report periodically and what

improvements have been made and what more can bedone.



SAFETY PROGRAMMES

It tends to discover when, where and why accidents occur.

It aims at reducing accidents and losses associated with them.

It begins with the assumption that the most work-connected

accidents can be prevented.

It does not have an end, rather it is a continuous process to achieve

adequate safety.

It involves providing safety equipments and special training to the

employees.





A safety programme includes mainly four E¶s

1. Engineering

2. Education3. Enlistment

4. Enforcement



SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND

TRAINING

Safety training involves

a) Induction and orientation of new recruits to safety rules

and practices.

b) Explaining safety function, during, on job training

c) Efforts made by the first level supervisors

d) Formulating employees safety committees

e) Holding special employees safety meetings

f) Displaying charts, posters, films etc., to emphasize the

need to act safely.



Educating employees to develop safety

consciousness

Measures to be adopted to increase the awareness of a need for

safety in the environment of work are as follows :

i. Display of safety posters and films to remind workers of particular

accidents.ii. Providing simple and convenient safety devices.

iii. Providing allowances to the worker for setting, removing and

replacing any necessary safety devices.

iv. Ask the employee from the first day he starts work to adopt safety

measures.v. Hold safety competitions and award prizes to the winners.

vi. Create in employees a feeling of pride in safe work.

vii. Elaborate on safety theme.



Contd«

viii. Hold regular safety meetings.ix. Lay out work areas to reflect safety considerations.

x. Mail information and literature pertaining to safety at

the homes of the employees.

xi. Report safety activities to all employees.xii. Welcome all safety suggestions.

xiii. Cross-mark all accident areas.

xiv. Conduct safety training lectures periodically.



ACCIDENTS

An industrial accident may

be defined as an event,

detrimental to the health

of man, suddenlyoccurring and originating

from external sources,

and which is associated

with the performance of apaid job, accompanied by

an injury, followed by

disability or even death.



Economic aspects (cost) of accidents

o An accident can be very costly to the injured employee

as well as to the employer of the concern.o There are some definite costs associated with the

accidents :

1. DIRECT COSTSi. Compensation insurance, including payment and

overhead costs.

ii. Uncompensated wage losses to the injured employee.

iii. Cost of medical care and hospitalization



2. INDIRECT COSTS

i. Costs of damage to equipment, materials and plant.ii. Costs of wages paid for time lost by workers not

injured.

iii. Costs of wages paid to the injured worker.

iv. Cost of safety engineers, supervisors and staff in

investigating, recording and reporting of accidents andits causes.

v. Costs of replacing the injured employee.

vi. Cost of lowered production by the substitute worker.

vii. Cost of delays in production due to accident.viii. Cost of reduction in efficiency of the injured worker

when he joins the concern after getting recovered.



CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

An accident is an unplanned incident and for

each such incident there is usually a specific

cause or causes if one could but discover them.

Causes of accidents

Technical causes Human causes

Mechanical factors Environmental factors Personal factors



TECHNICAL CAUSES:

MECHANICAL FACTORS:

1. Unsafe mechanical design or construction

2. Hazardous arrangement

3. Improper machine guarding4. Unsafe apparel

5. Detective agencies or devices

6. Improper material handling

7. Broken safety guards

8. Protruding nails

9. Leaking acid valve

10. Untested boilers or pressure vessels



ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS1. Too low a temperature to cause shivering

2. Too high a humidity to cause uncomfort, fatigue anddrowsiness.

3. Defective and inadequate illumination causing eyestrain,glares, shadows etc.

4. Presence of dust, fumes and smokes and lack of proper

ventilation.5. High speed of work because of huge workload.

6. Too high a temperature to cause sweating and headache.

7. Inadequate rest pauses or breaks between working hours.

8. Noise, bad odour and flash coming from the nearby machinery,

equipment or processes.9. Poor housekeeping.



HUMAN CAUSES

PERSONAL FACTORS

1. Age

2. Health

3. Number of dependents

4. Financial position

5. Home environment

6. Lack of knowledge and skill7. Improper attitude towards work

8. Incorrect machine habits

9. Carelessness and recklessness

10. Day dreaming and inattentiveness

11. Fatigue

12. Emotional stability13. High anxiety levels

14. Mental worriness

15. Unnecessary exposures to risk

16. Non-use of safety devices

17. Working at unsafe speeds

18. Improper use of tools



TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

1. Near accident

2. Trivial

3. Minor 4. Serious

5. Fatal



ACCIDENT PREVENTION

Prevention of accidents is a true humanitarian

concern

Accident prevention is highly essential in an

industry in order to

1. Prevent injury to and premature death of

employees

2. Reduce operating and production costs

3. Have a good employer-employee relationship

4. High up the morale of employees.



Accident prevention does not occur by itself; thereshould be a consistent implementation of safetymeasures and safety programmes emphasizing theneed for

1. Safe workplace layout and working conditions.

2. Safe material handling.

3. Personal protective devices.

4. Safety activities in the organization.



PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS

AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING





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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND PREVENTIVE CONTROL