Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution

The exploitation of children, work The exploitation of children, work conditions and where IR did not conditions and where IR did not

penetratepenetrate

Jennifer Sedmak [gjsedmak@yahoo.com]Jennifer Sedmak [gjsedmak@yahoo.com]

Create Cornell NOTESCreate Cornell NOTES

Write the Write the RED Questions RED Questions in in the RIGHT MARGINthe RIGHT MARGIN

Listen and look at the slide, but Listen and look at the slide, but don’t COPY notes – write notes to don’t COPY notes – write notes to help answer the question & any help answer the question & any stories, drawings, notes that will stories, drawings, notes that will help you understandhelp you understand

Why use Child Labor?

Children were employed for four simple reasons :

Many in orphanages - could be replaced easily if accidents occurred

Much cheaper than adults

Small enough to crawl under machinery to tie up broken threads

Young enough to be bullied by 'strappers' - adults would not have stood for this

John Dempsey aged eleven working in a mule-spinning room in Rhode Island in April 1909.

How were children How were children treated and what treated and what work did they do?work did they do? Those late for work were Those late for work were

severely punished.severely punished. Money was deducted from Money was deducted from

their wages. their wages. They were hit with straps to They were hit with straps to

work faster.work faster. Some children were dipped Some children were dipped

head first into a water head first into a water cistern if they became cistern if they became drowsy. drowsy.

Talking to other children Talking to other children was forbidden.was forbidden.

Children were placed in Children were placed in prison if they ran away and prison if they ran away and were caught.were caught.

Those who were considered Those who were considered potential runaways were potential runaways were placed in irons. placed in irons.

"Woodward and other overlookers used to beat me with pieces of thick leather straps made supple by oil, and having an iron buckle at the end, drew blood almost every time it was applied." John Brown quoted in the "Lion" newspaper in 1828.

Dangerous WorkDangerous Work The youngest children The youngest children

in the textile factories in the textile factories were usually employed were usually employed as scavengers and as scavengers and piecers. piecers.

Scavengers had to pick Scavengers had to pick up the loose cotton up the loose cotton from under the from under the machinery. machinery.

The children were The children were expected to carry out expected to carry out the task while the the task while the machine was still machine was still working. working.

AccidentsAccidents Accidents were Accidents were

widespread.widespread. Workers often lost limbsWorkers often lost limbs A Manchester visitor upon A Manchester visitor upon

seeing cso many people in seeing cso many people in the streets without arms the streets without arms and legs “it was like and legs “it was like living in the midst of the living in the midst of the army just returned from a army just returned from a campaign." campaign."

The MillThe Mill

Kids were used to mend broken parts of Kids were used to mend broken parts of the machine – wouldn’t stop machines!the machine – wouldn’t stop machines!

What was life like in the mines?

In one unnamed coal mine, 58 deaths out of a total of 349 deaths in one year, involved children thirteen years or younger.

Life for all those who worked underground was very hard.

MinersMiners At the close of day. At the close of day.

Waiting for the cage to go Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not open on two sides and not very well protected on very well protected on the other two, and is the other two, and is usually crowded.usually crowded.

The dust was so dense at The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the times as to obscure the view. This dust view. This dust penetrated the utmost penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys' recesses of the boys' lungs. A kind of slave-lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding over the boys, prodding or kicking them into or kicking them into obedience. obedience.

Dirty WorkDirty Work

What was life like for What was life like for families?families?

A room in a tenement A room in a tenement Large families Large families

squeezed into one squeezed into one room.room.

Usually shared a Usually shared a bathroom with other bathroom with other tenants on the floor.tenants on the floor.

Overcrowded cities Overcrowded cities accounted for much accounted for much pollution in the cities.pollution in the cities.

Alcoholism, everyone Alcoholism, everyone worked, no schoolworked, no school

How the other half How the other half lived…lived…

The bedroom of The bedroom of Cornelia Stewart, Cornelia Stewart, the wife of A.T. the wife of A.T. Stewart of Stewart of Stewart's Stewart's Department Store. Department Store.

What were the responses What were the responses to IR?to IR?

Mines Act of 1842

Factory Act of 1833

Which countries did not Which countries did not industrialize?industrialize?

Russia, OttomanRussia, Ottoman

- land-based empires- land-based empires- leery of west - leery of west (after Peter )(after Peter )- Serfdom, imports- Serfdom, imports

ChinaChina- agriculturally-- agriculturally-based, did not based, did not adapt…JAPAN DID!adapt…JAPAN DID!

IndiaIndia

- Cotton industry - Cotton industry thwarted by Britainthwarted by Britain

EgyptEgypt- Tried: Muhammad Tried: Muhammad

Ali: cotton (less Ali: cotton (less dependent on dependent on Ottoman) – Britain Ottoman) – Britain intervenes!intervenes!