Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences

8/13/2019 Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences

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Europe and the IndustrialRevolution


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Industrial Revolution

The late 18th and early 19th centuries arecharacterized by the increasing use of machineryand refined coal, a period otherwise known as theindustrial revolution.

It started in Great Britain in the later half of 1700when manual labor began to be replaced byindustry

The industrial revolution spread throughoutWestern Europe and North America during the19th century, and eventually affected most of theworld.


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Industrial Revolution-Technological Developments

Spinning machinery

Use of Coal Steam Power-1712

In 1778 James Watt

perfected the steam engine

By 1800, 1,454 engines had been built

Use of gas in lighting early 19th

century Chemicals

Railways


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Industrial Revolution-Social Consequences

Industrialization led to the creation of factories andurbanization on a mass scale

A new set of classes

The old distinction between the nobles and the

peasants was replaced by the distinction betweenmiddle class andworking class

Manchester, England (cottonopolis) the first

industrial city


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Employment in the new factories was consideredmore prestigious than self-employment in oldercrafts.

Immigration=>from the village to the factory

=>from the countryside to the city =>internationally to the large industrial cities of

Europe and USA

New Public Services-paved streets, city lighting, firedepartment, sewarage


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Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)

English Novelist and Prime Minister

Two nations between whom there is no intercourseand no sympathy; who are as ignorant of each othershabits, thoughts and feelings as if they

wereinhabitants of different planets Sibyl (1845)


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Working conditions-inhuman working hours, childlabor, female exploitation, and inhuman conditionsin the slums

Organized crime

The Memoirs of SherlockHolmes (1894) crime-thriller


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Industrial Revolution-Political Consequences

Governments faced new challenges

They were addressing themselves to a large mass oftaxpayers holding different views and perspectives

Political parties sprang up with a mass following and

devoted to a wide range of interests, e.g. Catholics,Protestants, workers, peasants, middle class etc.


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Why the industrial revolution occurred in Europe?

Why the specific time and place? Why not inancient Greece or in China or during the Medievaltimes?

A very difficult question with more than oneanswers.

A particular coincidence of ecological, social,economic, cultural and political circumstances.

A chain of sub-processes and developments Classical world-Renaissance-Reformation-

Enlightenment


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Colonialism

"The capital to finance the Industrial Revolution in Indiainstead went into financing the Industrial Revolution inEngland.

Rajani Palme Dutt


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Protestant Work Ethicwith emphasis in progress,technology and hard work.

Mild weather conditions of the North West ofEngland provided ideal conditions for the spinning

of cotton, providing a natural starting point for thebirth of the textiles industry.

Liberalisation of trade from a large merchant base


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Metropolis

Metropolis 1927 by Fritz Lang

Workers versus the Builders of the Babel Tower "The dreams of a few had turned to the curses of

many

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCpK4TySFrE

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Industrial Revolution - Social Consequences