Industrial Revolution

Western Europe & United States 1800-1900

Innovations of the EraSteam Engine

Trains = Every city has a port! Ships = World trade explodes

Internal Combustion Engine Mobile, reliable power Creates a huge demand for oil

Refrigeration Transforms the way we shop & eat.

Steel Stronger & more flexible than iron.

Innovations Continued.Telegraph

News telegrams now faster than people

Telephone (1890 onward)Rotary Press

Mass newspapers now available Birth of modern media – World news

available at your door!

Photography News, art for home, family memories. People can see the news!

Innovations ContinuedAgricultural Machines (tractors,etc)

Huge increase in food production. Food surpluses Allows population to move to cities.

1800 10% of Europe lived in Cities 1900 60% of Europe lived in Cities.

Textile Machines Clothing affordable for first time. Colorful, rich patterned material available.

Moving Assembly Line Dramatically reduces cost of everything

Innovations Continued. Interchangeable partsElectricity / Electric Light

Factories now run 24 hours a day. Brightens our world.

Elevators? Tall buildings transform cities & real-estate

Automobile (After 1900) Transforms the way we live.

Airplane (After 1900) Transforms the way we travel.

Growth of Industry Industrial Capitalism

Ever expanding businessesDivision of Labor

Monkey work radically reduces costAssembly Lines – (already mentioned)

Corporations & Partnerships Stockholders & Dividends Rise of big business

Business Cycles Business expansion & decline Bull vs. Bear market

New Society - PositivesRise of the Middle Class

Leisure time Disposable income Consumer goods available

New technologies make life at home easierGovernment expands responsibilities

public health (FDA), roads, bridges, dams, public schools, Labor laws, etc.

Creation of unions to protect workers Collective Bargaining

New Society - NegativesLife as a worker

Repetitive work Dangerous conditions at work Very long work day & work week Child labor Poor wages

Huge population increases in cities Poor housing Terrible sanitation Pollution

Child Labor - A Photo Essay

9 year old working in a textile mill

A ten year old girl at a textile mill. Children made up 25% of the work force at this mill.

Lost Youth – These 12 year olds can’t read because they work 12 hour days at a factory. 1890

Machines weren’t turned off when the children had to fix broken bobbins.

Young boy in a glass factory. He is 13 years old and has worked here for 5 years.

Boys separate coal from rock . The overseer beats the boys into compliance. Black lung was a serious problem here.

12 year old coal miner. Works deep underground in very dangerous conditions.

These boys report for work at the mine at 10:00 pm. They are waiting in the elevator shaft to be taken below. Notice there is no gate or fence to keep the children from falling below!

This 5 year old must separate the oysters from their shells. You can see by the huge pile behind him that his work never ends.

What sort of future does our society have if our children can’t get an education?

That’s it!

Now for a few Slides!

Who is a good clicker?

Societal Changes

Growth of the cities 1800 11 cities of 100,000 people 1900 100 cities of 100,000 people

Populations now well fedPopulations now well informed

Steam Engine

Steam Ship

Telegraph

Refrigeration

Child Labor

Child Labor

Child Labor

Worker Families